Symmetry watermark

• US 7,072,490 B2
• Filed: 11/22/2002
• Issued: 07/04/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 11/22/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Applied Materials Incorporated, Digimarc Corporation
• Original Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Inventors: Stach, John
• Primary Examiner(s): Ahmed, Amir
• Assistant Examiner(s): BHATNAGAR, ANAND P
• Application Number:
  US10/302,753
• Publication Number:
  US 20040101157A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,320 Days
• Field of Search: 380/210, 382/100, 382/232, 713/176
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/005 Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0064 Geometric transfor invariant watermarking, e.g. affine transform invariant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0052 Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain

Abstract

A digital watermark is generated with radial and circumferential symmetries in a particular domain of a host signal into which it is embedded. These symmetries enable a detector to compute the projective transformation and rotation angle of the embedded signal using only the symmetry properties. The embedded signal may be variable, such as being modulated with a variable message payload, yet the scale and rotation of this variable signal is detectable based on its symmetry properties.

Claims

1. A method of digital watermark embedding in a two dimensional signal, the method comprising:

generating a digital watermark signal carrying one more auxiliary data symbols to be embedded in the two dimensional signal; and

embedding the digital watermark signal in the two dimensional signal such that the digital watermark has radial symmetry and circumferential symmetry;

wherein the circumferential symmetry enables detection of rotation of the digital watermark, and the radial symmetry enables detection of scaling of the digital watermark.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the two dimensional signal comprises an image signal, and the radial and circumferential symmetries are imposed in a transform domain of the image signal.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the transform domain comprises a spatial frequency domain.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein generating the digital watermark comprises error robustness coding a multi-symbol message to form a coded message signal;

and the method includes arranging the coded message signal in a pattern that has the radial and circumferential symmetry.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the digital watermark is embedded such that a correlation or convolution of a domain of the watermarked signal produces peaks from which the rotation or scale is derived.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the domain comprises a frequency domain.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein the domain comprises a polar mapped frequency domain.

8. A computer readable medium on which is stored instructions for performing the method of claim 1.

9. A method of detecting a symmetric digital watermark embedded in an image, the method comprising:

computing radial symmetry in an embedding domain of the image to detect a radial symmetry property of the digital watermark;

based on the radial symmetry, determining spatial scaling of the digital watermark as a function of rotation angle;

computing circumferential symmetry in an embedding domain to detect a circumferential symmetry property of the digital watermark; and

based on use of the circumferential symmetry, determining a rotation angle of the digital watermark.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein computing radial symmetry includes computing radial convolution of the image in the embedding domain.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the spatial scaling is derived from peak locations in the radial convolution.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein computing circumferential symmetry includes computing circumferential convolution of the image in the embedding domain.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein rotation angle is derived from peak locations in the circumferential convolution.

14. The method of claim 9 including:

using the rotation and scale to extract a variable message payload from the digital watermark.

15. The method of claim 9 wherein the embedding domain comprises a transform domain of the image.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the embedding domain comprises a frequency domain transform of the image.

17. A computer readable medium on which is stored instructions for performing the method of claim 9.

18. The method of claim 9 wherein the image is part of a video signal.

19. A method of detecting a symmetric digital watermark embedded in an image, the method comprising:

transforming the image into an embedding domain;

computing radial symmetry of the image as a function of angle to detect signal energy attributable to radial symmetry of the digital watermark;

computing circumferential symmetry to detect signal energy attributable to circumferential symmetry of the digital watermark;

using the radial and circumferential symmetries to extract a message payload from the digital watermark.

20. A computer readable medium on which is stored instructions for performing the method of claim 19.