Electrode systems for electrochemical sensors
First Claim
1. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
- a membrane system comprising an enzyme, wherein the enzyme reacts with the analyte;
an electroactive surface comprising a working electrode, the working electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to measure a product of the reaction of the enzyme with the analyte; and
an auxiliary electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to generate oxygen, wherein the auxiliary electrode is situated such that the oxygen generated diffuses to the enzyme or to the electroactive surface, wherein the auxiliary electrode comprises a polymer, wherein the polymer is situated on a surface of the auxiliary electrode, and wherein the polymer comprises a material that is directly impermeable to glucose but is permeable to oxygen.
1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for improved electrochemical measurement of analytes. The preferred embodiments employ electrode systems including an analyte-measuring electrode for measuring the analyte or the product of an enzyme reaction with the analyte and an auxiliary electrode configured to generate oxygen and/or reduce electrochemical interferants. Oxygen generation by the auxiliary electrode advantageously improves oxygen availability to the enzyme and/or counter electrode; thereby enabling the electrochemical sensors of the preferred embodiments to function even during ischemic conditions. Interferant modification by the auxiliary electrode advantageously renders them substantially non-reactive at the analyte-measuring electrode, thereby reducing or eliminating inaccuracies in the analyte signal due to electrochemical interferants.
1218 Citations
50 Claims
-
1. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
-
a membrane system comprising an enzyme, wherein the enzyme reacts with the analyte; an electroactive surface comprising a working electrode, the working electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to measure a product of the reaction of the enzyme with the analyte; and an auxiliary electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to generate oxygen, wherein the auxiliary electrode is situated such that the oxygen generated diffuses to the enzyme or to the electroactive surface, wherein the auxiliary electrode comprises a polymer, wherein the polymer is situated on a surface of the auxiliary electrode, and wherein the polymer comprises a material that is directly impermeable to glucose but is permeable to oxygen. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
-
-
13. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
-
a membrane system comprising an enzyme, wherein the enzyme reacts with the analyte; an electroactive surface comprising a working electrode, the working electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to measure a product of the reaction of the enzyme with the analyte; and an auxiliary electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to generate oxygen, wherein the auxiliary electrode is situated such that the oxygen generated diffuses to the enzyme or to the electroactive surface, wherein the auxiliary electrode comprises a polymer, wherein the polymer is directly situated on a surface of the auxiliary electrode, and wherein the polymer comprises a material that is impermeable to glucose but is permeable to oxygen and permeable to interfering species. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
-
-
25. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
-
a membrane system comprising an enzyme, wherein the enzyme reacts with the analyte; an electroactive surface comprising a working electrode, the working electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to measure a product of the reaction of the enzyme with the analyte; and an auxiliary electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to modify an electrochemical interferant such that the electrochemical interferent is rendered substantially electrochemically non-reactive at the working electrode, wherein the auxiliary electrode comprises a polymer, wherein the polymer is situated on a surface of the auxiliary electrode, and wherein the polymer comprises a material that is impermeable to glucose but is permeable to oxygen. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
-
-
39. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
-
a membrane system comprising an enzyme, wherein the enzyme reacts with the analyte; an electroactive surface comprising a working electrode, the working electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to measure a product of the reaction of the enzyme with the analyte; and an auxiliary electrode comprising a conductive material and configured to modify an electrochemical interferant such that the electrochemical interferent is rendered substantially electrochemically non-reactive at the working electrode, wherein the auxiliary electrode comprises a polymer, wherein the polymer is situated on a surface of the auxiliary electrode, and wherein the polymer comprises a material having a molecular weight that blocks glucose and allows transport therethrough of oxygen, urate, ascorbate, and acetaminophen. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)
-
Specification