Method and apparatus of radiographic imaging with an energy beam tailored for a subject to be scanned

• US 7,076,029 B2
• Filed: 10/27/2003
• Issued: 07/11/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 10/27/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Tkaczyk, Eric J., Hsieh, Jiang, Toth, Thomas L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Glick, Edward J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): KAO, CHIH CHENG G
• Application Number:
  US10/605,789
• Publication Number:
  US 20050089146A1
• Time in Patent Office: 988 Days
• Field of Search: 378/4, 378/16, 378/156, 378/157, 378/158, 378/159, 250/505.1
• US Class Current: 378/158
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4035 the source being combined with a filter or grating
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4042 K-edge filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4488 Means for cooling A61B6/045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2985 In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis); using external radiation sources A61B6/02
• CPC Class Codes: G21K 1/04 using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
• CPC Class Codes: G21K 1/10 Scattering devices; Absorbing devices; Ionising radiation filters

Abstract

A method and apparatus for tailoring the profile of an x-ray beam for radiographic imaging for a specific subject is disclosed. The invention includes a filter assembly having a pair of filters, each of which may be dynamically controlled by a motor assembly during data acquisition. The filters are positionable in the x-ray beam so as to shape the intensity profile of the x-ray beam. In one exemplary embodiment, the filters are dynamically positioned during CT data acquisition based on the shape of the subject. A method of determining the shape of the subject prior to CT data acquisition is also disclosed.

Claims

1. A beam shaping filter assembly comprising:

a first moveable filter having a non-uniform thickness, the first moveable filter having a body, a tail, and a curved portion connecting the body to the tail, the body formed at a first terminal end and the tail extending to a second terminal end opposite the first terminal end, the tail positioned at a distal end of the first moveable filter relative to an x-ray source designed to project x-rays from a focal point, and the body, the curved portion, and the tail constructed to establish an attenuation profile such that a maximum attenuation is defined by the body and a minimum attenuation is defined by the tail;

a second moveable filter independent of the first moveable filter and having a non-uniform thickness, the second moveable filter having a body, a tail, and a curved portion connecting the body of the second filter to the tail of the second filter, the body formed of the second filter at a first terminal end and the tail of the second filter extending to a second terminal end opposite the first terminal end of the second filter, the tall of the second filter positioned at a distal end of the second moveable filter relative to the x-ray source, and the body of the second filter, the curved portion of the second filter, and the tail of the second filter constructed to establish an attenuation profile such that a maximum attenuation is defined by the body of the second filter and a minimum attenuation is defined by the tail of the second filter, and wherein at least one of the first moveable filter and the second moveable filter is configured to be placed in a high frequency electromagnetic energy beam for attenuation of the beam for radiographic data acquisition and wherein the first moveable filter is positioned nearer to the x-ray source focal point than the second movable filter; and

at least one motor assembly configured to independently position a moveable filter such that a beam profile is created that substantially conforms to a shape of a subject to be scanned.

2. The beam shaping filter assembly of claim 1 wherein the second moveable filter has a shape that mirrors that of the first moveable filter.

3. The beam shaping filter assembly of claim 1 wherein the at least one motor assembly is further configured to dynamically position a moveable filter during CT data acquisition.

4. The beam shaping filter assembly of claim 3 wherein the at least one motor assembly is further configured to dynamically position a moveable filter during CT data acquisition based on a scout scan carried out before CT data acquisition.

5. The beam shaping filter assembly of claim 1 wherein a body has a thickness greater than that of a tall.

6. The beam shaping filter assembly of claim 1 wherein a body has a thickness of 30 mm and a rail has a thickness of 0.25 mm.

7. The beam shaping filter assembly of claim 1:

wherein the body of the first moveable filter has a length along an x-direction of 112 mm;

wherein the curved portion of the first moveable filter has a length along the x-direction of 24.9 mm;

wherein the tall of the first moveable filter has a length along the x-direction of 135 mm;

wherein the body the second moveable filter has a length along the x-direction of 53 mm;

wherein the tail of the second moveable filter has a length along the x-direction of 168 mm; and

wherein the curved portion of the second moveable filter has a length along the x-direction of 34.2 mm.

8. A computed tomography (CT) system comprising:

a rotatable gantry having an opening to receive a subject to be scanned;

a high frequency electromagnetic energy projection source configured to project a high frequency electromagnetic energy beam toward the subject;

a pre-subject filter assembly including a pair of filters, each filter defined by a base, tail, and curved portion connecting the base to the tail, and wherein the pair of filters are arranged such that the curved portion of one filter generally faces the high frequency electromagnetic energy projection source and the curved portion of the other filter generally faces the high frequency electromagnetic energy projection source, and wherein the pair of filters are align-able in the high frequency electromagnetic energy beam such that one filter is positioned more proximate the high frequency electromagnetic energy projection source than the other filter;

a scintillator array having a plurality of scintillator cells wherein each cell is configured to detect high frequency electromagnetic energy passing through the subject;

a photodiode array optically coupled to the scintillator array and comprising a plurality of photodiodes configured to detect light output from a corresponding scintillator cell;

a data acquisition system (DAS) connected to the photodiode array and configured to receive photodiode outputs;

an image reconstructor connected to the DAS and configured to reconstruct an image of the subject from the photodiode outputs received by the DAS; and

a controller configured to independently position at least one filter of the pair of filters in the high frequency electromagnetic energy beam so as to modulate the beam to have a profile that substantially matches at least an approximate shape of the subject.

9. The CT system of claim 8 further comprising a computer programmed to cause application of a scout scan of the subject and from the scout scan determine at least an approximate shape of the subject.

11. The CT system of claim 8 wherein one non-uniform filter has an orientation that minors that of another non-uniform filter.

12. The CT system of claim 8 wherein the base of each filter is configured to block more x-rays than that of the respective tail.

10. The CT system of clam 9 wherein the at least one filter is operationally connected to at least one motor that is operationally connected to the controller such that control signals transmitted to the controller by the computer cause the at least one motor to position the at least one filter in a projection path to modulate the beam to have a desired profile.