Modular power system and method for a heart wall actuation system for the natural heart

• US 7,081,084 B2
• Filed: 07/16/2002
• Issued: 07/25/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 07/16/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Cincinnati
• Original Assignee: University of Cincinnati
• Inventors: Melvin, David Boyd
• Primary Examiner(s): Schaetzle, Kennedy
• Application Number:
  US10/196,439
• Publication Number:
  US 20040015039A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,470 Days
• Field of Search: 600/16, 600/17, 600/18, 607/3, 607/9, 623/3.1, 623/3.12
• US Class Current: 600/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/191 mechanically acting upon the outside of the patient's native heart, e.g. compressive structures placed around the heart
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/289 Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation assisting the residual heart function by means mechanically acting upon the patient's native heart or blood vessel structure, e.g. direct cardiac compression [DCC] devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/468 the force acting on the actuation means being hydraulic or pneumatic
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/47 the force acting on the actuation means being mechanical, e.g. mechanically driven members clamping a blood vessel
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/865 Devices for guiding or inserting pumps or pumping devices into the patient's body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/882 Devices powered by the patient, e.g. skeletal muscle powered devices

Abstract

An actuation system for assisting the operation of a natural heart is disclosed. The actuation system includes a framework for interfacing with the natural heart and a power system that can be coupled to the framework. The framework includes an internal framework element and an external framework element. The power system is configured to engage an exterior surface of the heart wall, and includes an actuator mechanism for exerting force on the heart wall, a driving mechanism for actuating the actuator mechanism, a transmission mechanism coupled between the actuator mechanism and the driving mechanism for transmitting power to the actuator mechanism, and a carrier device coupled between the actuator mechanism and the driving mechanism and configured for housing the transmission mechanism. The modular power system is configured for being freely exchanged and replaced in the actuation system while leaving the framework elements in place and generally undisturbed. A guide structure such as a wire or tube can also be included for guiding or advancing the power system to its position adjacent to the heart surface.

Claims

1. An actuation system for assisting the operation of a natural heart, the actuation system comprising:

a framework for interfacing with the heart;

a power system configured for coupling to the framework for engaging a heart wall, the power system comprising;

an actuator mechanism operable, when actuated, for exerting a force on a heart wall surface;

a transmission mechanism coupled with the actuator mechanism for transmitting power to the actuator mechanism to actuate the mechanism; and

a carrier device coupling the actuator mechanism and the transmission mechanism together, the carrier device housing the actuator mechanism and the transmission mechanism.

2. The actuation system of claim 1, wherein the power system further comprises a driving mechanism for supplying the power to actuate the actuator mechanism.

3. The actuation system of claim 2, wherein the driving mechanism is operable for selectively moving the actuator mechanism between relaxed and actuated states to achieve the desired assistance of the heart.

4. The actuation system of claim 2, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a skeletal muscle, and the transmission mechanism comprises a cable, the skeletal muscle coupled to the cable for actuating the actuator mechanism.

5. The actuation system of claim 1, wherein the carrier device is configured for coupling the actuator mechanism to the framework.

6. The actuation system of claim 5, wherein the carrier device is configured for coupling the actuator mechanism to the framework at a plurality of positions on the framework.

7. The actuation system of claim 1, wherein the framework includes an internal framework element configured to be positioned within the interior volume of the heart and an external framework element configured to be positioned proximate an exterior surface of the heart wall, the internal and external framework elements being coupled together.

8. The actuation system of claim 1, wherein the actuator mechanism is operable, when in the actuated state, to assume a predetermined shape and thereby indent a portion of the heart wall to effect a reduction in the volume of the heart.

9. The actuation system of claim 8, wherein the actuator mechanism includes a plurality of juxtaposed elements, the elements configured to be drawn together in the actuated state and to cooperate with each other, when drawn together, to assume the predetermined shape.

10. The actuation system of claim 9, wherein the elements are blocks coupled together by an actuator cable, the actuator cable being operably coupled to draw the blocks together and form the predetermined shape.

11. The actuation system of claim 8, wherein the actuator mechanism includes a deformable tube structure, the transmission mechanism configured for delivering fluid to the deformable tube structure for forming the tube into the predetermined shape.

12. The actuation system of claim 11, wherein the deformable tube structure includes tethered regions, at least one of the tethered regions having a limited length which is greater than a limited length of another tethered region so that one tethered region may be extended more than another tethered region to form the tube into the predetermined shape.

13. The actuation system of claim 11, wherein the deformable tube structure includes tethered regions and non-tethered regions, the non-tethered regions being operably extended by introducing fluid, to cooperate with the tethered regions to form the tube into the predetermined shape.

14. The actuation system of claim 11, further comprising a driving mechanism comprising a cylinder for driving fluid to the deformable tube structure for forming the tube into the predetermined shape.

15. The actuation system of claim 1, wherein the power system is configured for being coupled with the framework.

16. The actuation system of claim 1, wherein the carrier device is elongated and flexible.

17. The actuation system of claim 1, wherein the transmission mechanism is one of electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic.

18. The actuation system of claim 1, further comprising a guide structure for aiding in the placement of the power system in the body, the guide structure configured for being coupled with the carrier device for positioning the power system in the body.

19. The actuation system of claim 18, wherein the guide structure comprises a wire, the carrier device being configured to slide along the wire.

20. The actuation system of claim 19, the carrier device including an elongated passage therethrough, the wire sliding through the passage for placement of the power system.

21. The actuation system of claim 18, wherein the guide structure comprises a guide tube, the actuator mechanism configured to slide through the tube for placement of the power system.

22. An actuation system for assisting the operation of a natural heart, the actuation system comprising:

a power system configured for positioning proximate a heart wall and including an actuator mechanism which is operable, when actuated, for exerting a force on a heart wall surface;

a transmission mechanism coupled with the actuator mechanism for transmitting power to the actuator mechanism to actuate the mechanism;

a guide structure coupled with the power system for aiding in the placement of the power system in the body, the guide structure configured for guiding the power system from a position remote from the heart to proximate the heart wall;

a carrier device housing the actuator mechanism and configured for securing the actuator mechanism to a framework proximate the heart wall once it is guided to that position.

23. The actuation system of claim 22, wherein the guide structure comprises a wire, at least a portion of the power system being configured to slide along the wire.

24. The actuation system of claim 23, the power system portion including an elongated passage therethrough, the wire sliding through the passage for placement of the power system.

25. The actuation system of claim 22 wherein the carrier device couples the actuator mechanism and the transmission mechanism together.

26. The actuation system of claim 22 wherein said carrier device is coupled with the guide structure for aiding in the placement of the power system in the body.

27. The actuation system of claim 22 wherein the carrier device is coupled with the guide structure for aiding in the placement of the power system in the body.

28. The actuation system of claim 27, wherein the carrier device is elongated and flexible.

29. The actuation system of claim 22 further comprising a framework for interfacing with the heart, the guide structure being coupled to the framework.

30. The actuation system of claim 22 wherein the power system comprises a unitary structure, including the actuator mechanism, for being guided to proximate the heart wall.