Radio frequency low noise amplifier with automatic gain control

• US 7,081,796 B2
• Filed: 02/11/2004
• Issued: 07/25/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 09/15/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Silicon Laboratories Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Silicon Laboratories Incorporated
• Inventors: Krone, Andrew W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Barnie, Rexford
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, KHAI M
• Application Number:
  US10/779,100
• Publication Number:
  US 20050057305A1
• Time in Patent Office: 895 Days
• Field of Search: 330/252, 330/254
• US Class Current: 330/254
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/26 Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/06 A balun, i.e. balanced to or from unbalanced converter, being present at the input of an amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/294 the amplifier being a low noise amplifier [LNA]
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/372 Noise reduction and elimination in amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45024 the differential amplifier amplifying transistors are cascode coupled transistors
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45464 the CSC comprising one or more coils
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45638 the LC comprising one or more coils
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/193 with field-effect devices H03F3/195 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45179 using MOSFET transistors as the active amplifying circuit H03F3/45278 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 1/0023 in emitter-coupled or cascode amplifiers H03G1/0029 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 1/0035 using continuously variable impedance elements
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 7/001 without controlling loop H03G7/007, H03G7/02, H03G7/06 take precedence

Abstract

A low noise amplifier (500) includes a first transconductance device (326) having a control electrode for receiving a first input signal, and a first current electrode; a first load device (322) having a first terminal coupled to a first power supply voltage terminal and a second terminal coupled to the first current electrode of the first transconductance device (326) and forming a first output voltage signal; a second transconductance device (336) having a control electrode for receiving a second input signal, and a second current electrode; a second load device (332) having a first terminal coupled to the first power supply voltage terminal and a second terminal coupled to the first current electrode of the second transconductance device (336) and forming a second output voltage signal; and an attenuation device (340) coupled between the first current electrodes of the first (326) and second (336) transconductance devices and having a control input terminal for receiving a control voltage thereon.

Claims

1. A low noise amplifier comprising:

a first transconductance device having a control electrode for receiving a first input signal, and a first current electrode;

a first load device having a first terminal coupled to a first power supply voltage terminal and a second terminal coupled to said first current electrode of said first transconductance device and forming a first output voltage signal thereon;

a second transconductance device having a control electrode for receiving a second input signal, and a first current electrode;

a second load device having a first terminal coupled to said first power supply voltage terminal and a second terminal coupled to said first current electrode of said second transconductance device and forming a second output voltage signal thereon; and

an attenuation device coupled between said first current electrode of said first transconductance device and said first current electrode of said second transconductance device, and having a control input terminal for receiving a control voltage thereon;

wherein said attenuation device comprises a plurality of exponentially-weighted attenuation devices.

2. The low noise amplifier of claim 1 wherein said first load device comprises a first inductor.

3. The low noise amplifier of claim 1 further comprising a second inductor coupled between a second current electrode of said first transconductance device and a second power supply voltage terminal.

4. The low noise amplifier of claim 1 wherein said first current electrode of said first transconductance device is coupled to said second terminal of said first load device through a cascode connected MOS transistor.

5. The low noise amplifier of claim 1 wherein said first transconductance device comprises an MOS transistor.

6. The low noise amplifier of claim 1 wherein said first and second input signals form a differential signal pair.

7. The low noise amplifier of claim 1 further comprising a biasing network coupled between said control electrodes of said first and second transconductance devices.

8. The low noise amplifier of claim 7 wherein said biasing network comprises:

a first resistor having a first terminal coupled to said control electrode of said first transconductance device, and a second terminal;

a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to said control electrode of said second transconductance device, and a second terminal coupled to said second terminal of said first resistor; and

means for providing a current to a node formed by said second terminals of said first and second resistors.

9. The low noise amplifier of claim 8 wherein said means for providing said current comprises:

a current source having a first terminal coupled to said first power supply voltage terminal, and a second terminal; and

a transistor having a first current electrode coupled to said second terminal of said current source, a control electrode coupled to said first current electrode thereof, and a second current electrode coupled to a second power supply voltage terminal.

10. The low noise amplifier of claim 8 wherein said means for providing said current is operable in a selected one of first and second modes of operation.

11. The low noise amplifier of claim 1 wherein said control voltage comprises a plurality of control signals coupled to corresponding ones of said plurality of exponentially-weighted attenuation devices.

12. The low noise amplifier of claim 11 further comprising a voltage conversion circuit for converting said control voltage into said plurality of control signals.

13. The low noise amplifier of claim 12 wherein said voltage conversion circuit comprises a plurality of conversion circuits each comprising:

an operational amplifier having a negative input terminal, a positive input terminal, and an output terminal for providing a respective one of said plurality of control signals;

a voltage source coupled to said positive input terminal of said operational amplifier and providing a voltage thereto corresponding to a weight of its conversion circuit;

a first resistor having a first terminal for receiving said control signal, and a second terminal coupled to said negative input terminal of said operational amplifier; and

a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to said negative input terminal of said operational amplifier, and a second terminal coupled to said output terminal of said operational amplifier.

14. The low noise amplifier of claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of exponentially-weighted attenuation devices comprises an MOS transistor.

15. A low noise amplifier comprising:

a first inductor having a first terminal coupled to a first power supply voltage terminal, and a second terminal forming a first output voltage signal thereon;

a first transistor having a first current electrode coupled to said second terminal of said first inductor, a control electrode coupled to said first power supply voltage terminal, and a second current electrode;

a second transistor having a first current electrode coupled to said second current electrode of said first transistor, a control electrode for receiving a first input signal, and a second current electrode;

a second inductor having a first terminal coupled to said second current electrode of said second transistor, and a second terminal coupled to a second power supply voltage terminal;

a third inductor having a first terminal coupled to said first power supply voltage terminal, and a second terminal forming a second output voltage signal thereon;

a third transistor having a first current electrode coupled to said second terminal of said third inductor, a control electrode coupled to said first power supply voltage terminal, and a second current electrode;

a fourth transistor having a first current electrode coupled to said second current electrode of said third transistor, a control electrode for receiving a second input signal, and a second current electrode;

a fourth inductor having a first terminal coupled to said second current electrode of said fourth transistor, and a second terminal coupled to said second power supply voltage terminal; and

an attenuation device coupled between said first current electrode of said first transistor and said first current electrode of said third transistor, and having a control input terminal for receiving a control voltage thereon.

16. The low noise amplifier of claim 15 wherein said first, second, third, and fourth transistors comprise N-channel MOS transistors.

17. The low noise amplifier of claim 15 wherein said attenuation device comprises a plurality of MOS transistors coupled in parallel and having gate width to gate length ratios that are exponentially-weighted.

18. The low noise amplifier of claim 17 wherein said control voltage comprises a plurality of control signals coupled to corresponding ones of said plurality of MOS transistors.

19. A low noise amplifier comprising:

an amplifier having a first input terminal for receiving a first input signal, a first output terminal for providing a first output signal, and a feedback input terminal for receiving a control voltage, wherein said control voltage determines a gain of said amplifier; and

a bias circuit having an input terminal for receiving a control signal, and an output terminal coupled to said first input terminal of said amplifier for providing a bias voltage thereto, wherein said bias circuit is responsive to said control signal to operate in one of first and second modes, wherein in said first mode said bias circuit biases said amplifier to operate in a substantially constant transconductance mode, and in said second mode said bias circuit biases said amplifier to operate in a substantially constant saturation voltage mode.

20. The low noise amplifier of claim 19 wherein said amplifier is characterized as being a differential amplifier having said first input terminal for receiving said first input signal and a second input terminal for receiving a second input signal, and having said first output terminal for providing said first output signal and a second output terminal for providing a second output signal, wherein said first and second input signals and said first and second output signals each comprise differential signal pairs.

21. The low noise amplifier of claim 20 wherein said bias circuit comprises:

a current source having an output terminal for providing a first current while in said first mode and a second current while in said second mode;

a transistor having a first current electrode coupled to said output terminal of said current source, a control electrode coupled to said first current electrode thereof, and a second current electrode coupled to a power supply voltage terminal;

a first resistor having a first terminal coupled to said first current electrode of said transistor, and a second terminal coupled to said first input terminal of said amplifier; and

a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to said first current electrode of said transistor, and a second terminal coupled to said second input terminal of said amplifier.

22. The low noise amplifier of claim 21 wherein said second current is larger than said first current.

23. The low noise amplifier of claim 19 wherein said amplifier comprises:

a first transconductance device having a control electrode for receiving said first input signal, and a first current electrode; and

a first load device having a first terminal coupled to a first power supply voltage terminal and a second terminal coupled to said first current electrode of said first transconductance device and forming said first output signal thereon.

24. The low noise amplifier of claim 23 wherein said first load device comprises a first inductor.

25. The low noise amplifier of claim 24 wherein said amplifier further comprises a second inductor coupled between a second current electrode of said first transconductance device and a second power supply voltage terminal.

26. The low noise amplifier of claim 23 wherein said first current electrode of said first transconductance device is coupled to said second terminal of said first load device through a cascode connected MOS transistor.

27. The low noise amplifier of claim 23 wherein said first transconductance device comprises an MOS transistor.

28. A method for operating a low noise amplifier with automatic gain control comprising the steps of:

determining a power level of an output signal of the low noise amplifier;

providing a control voltage in response to said power level;

biasing the low noise amplifier to operate in a constant transconductance mode in response to said control voltage being less than a predetermined voltage; and

biasing the low noise amplifier to operate in a constant saturation voltage mode in response to said control voltage being greater than said predetermined voltage.

29. The method of claim 28 wherein said step of determining said power level comprises the step of determining said power level of said output signal of the low noise amplifier by measuring a power at an output terminal of a mixer that also has an input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the low noise amplifier.

30. The method of claim 28 wherein said step of biasing the low noise amplifier to operate in said constant transconductance mode comprises the step of providing a first bias current and wherein said step of biasing the low noise amplifier to operate in said constant saturation voltage mode comprises the step of providing a second bias current higher than said first bias current.

31. A low noise amplifier comprising:

a first transconductance device having a control electrode for receiving a first input signal, and a first current electrode;

a first load device having a first terminal coupled to a first power supply voltage terminal and a second terminal coupled to said first current electrode of said first transconductance device and forming a first output voltage signal thereon;

a second transconductance device having a control electrode for receiving a second input signal, and a first current electrode;

a second load device having a first terminal coupled to said first power supply voltage terminal and a second terminal coupled to said first current electrode of said second transconductance device and forming a second output voltage signal thereon;

an attenuation device coupled between said first current electrode of said first transconductance device and said first current electrode of said second transconductance device, and having a control input terminal for receiving a control voltage thereon; and

a biasing network coupled between said control electrodes of said first and second transconductance devices, said biasing network comprising;

a first resistor having a first terminal coupled to said control electrode of said first transconductance device, and a second terminal;

a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to said control electrode of said second transconductance device, and a second terminal coupled to said second terminal of said first resistor;

a current source having a first terminal coupled to said first power supply voltage terminal, and a second terminal; and

a transistor having a first current electrode coupled to said second terminal of said current source, a control electrode coupled to said first current electrode thereof, and a second current electrode coupled to a second power supply voltage terminal.