Image capturing system and method for automatically watermarking recorded parameters for providing digital image verification

• US 7,084,903 B2
• Filed: 05/18/1998
• Issued: 08/01/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 05/18/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Kirkpatrick, Edward Scott, Narayanaswami, Chandrasekhar
• Primary Examiner(s): Ometz, David
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, LUONG TRUNG
• Application Number:
  US09/080,517
• Publication Number:
  US 20030011684A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,997 Days
• Field of Search: 348/232, 348/207, 382/100, 382/232
• US Class Current: 348/207.99
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 2217/18 Signals indicating condition of a camera member or suitability of light
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 2217/24 with means for separately producing marks on the film
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0021 Image watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32128 attached to the image data, e.g. file header, transmitted message header, information on the same page or in the same computer file as the image for information embedded in the image H04N1/32144
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2101/00 Still video cameras
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3204 of data relating to a user, sender, addressee, machine or electronic recording medium H04N2201/3256 and subgroups take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3205 of identification information, e.g. name or ID code H04N2201/3209 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3214 of a date
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3215 of a time or duration
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3235 Checking or certification of the authentication information, e.g. by comparison with data stored independently
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3252 Image capture parameters, e.g. resolution, illumination conditions, orientation of the image capture device H04N2201/3256 and subgroups take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3253 Position information, e.g. geographical position at time of capture, GPS data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3277 The additional information being stored in the same storage device as the image data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/631 Graphical user interfaces [GUI] specially adapted for controlling image capture or setting capture parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/633 for displaying additional information relating to control or operation of the camera
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/661 Transmitting camera control signals through networks, e.g. control via the Internet
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/772 the recording apparatus and the television camera being placed in the same enclosure
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/9201 involving the multiplexing of an additional signal and the video signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/9264 : using transform coding

Abstract

An image capturing system and method for automatically watermarking a plurality of recorded camera and image parameters such as the location (latitude, longitude and altitude), orientation of the principal axis of the camera, whether the camera is in landscape mode or portrait mode, camera velocity, photographer information, time and date, zoom factor, shutter speed, flash on/off, autofocus distance, lightmeter reading, focal length and aperture into every captured image. This watermarked data can be subsequently extracted and compared with the originally recorded data so as to verify the authenticity of a corresponding image. Since the critical data is invisibly watermarked into the image, it is difficult to modify the image without affecting the watermarked data.

Claims

1. An image capturing system for automatically recording and watermarking a plurality of parameters in a captured image, comprising:

a central processing unit for controlling a plurality of functions and operations of said system;

image capture means, operatively connected to said central processing unit, for generating a digital image of an observed image frame and for generating a plurality of image data associated with said generation of said image;

wireless communication means, operatively connected to said central processing unit, for receiving object data from objects in said observed image frame when said image is generated, said object data comprising object identification information;

geographic location determining means, operatively connected to said central processing unit, for determining geographic coordinates of said system when said digital image is generated;

means for determining a time and a date when said image is generated;

information receiving means, operatively coupled to said central processing unit, for receiving user data associated with a user of said system when said digital image is generated, said user data comprising user identification information;

image processing means for receiving said plurality of parameters and recording said plurality of parameters with said generated digital image, said plurality of parameters including said plurality of image data, said object data, said time data, said date data, said location data, and said user data; and

means, operatively coupled to said image processing means, for watermarking said plurality of parameters into said image.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for specifying which of the plurality of parameters should be recorded with said image and for specifying which of said plurality of parameters should be watermarked in said image.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising means for determining which of the plurality of parameters are specified to be recorded with said image and for determining which of the plurality of parameters are specified to be watermarked in said image.

4. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for extracting said watermarked parameters from said watermarked image.

5. The system of claim 4, further comprising means for comparing said extracted parameters with corresponding recorded parameters of said image to authenticate said image.

6. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for preventing said watermarking of said images if an image quality of said image is altered above a threshold.

7. The system of claim 1, further comprising image compression means, operatively coupled to said image processing means, for compressing said image.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein said plurality of parameters are watermarked in one of said compressed image and said image.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising orientation determining means, operatively coupled to said central processing unit, for determining orientation data of said system when said digital image is generated;

said orientation data being one of said plurality of parameters.

10. The system of claim 1, further comprising

means for receiving one of verbal data and verbal commands;

and

means for processing said one of received verbal data and received verbal command, said processed verbal commands being used to control one of a plurality of function and operations of said system, said processed speech data being one of said plurality of parameters for annotating said digital image.

11. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for determining said location of said system when said geographic location determining means is inoperable.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of image data associated with said generation of said image includes one of an image mode, image quality, exposure duration, aperture length, light meter reading, flash status, lens focal length, auto focus distance, frame number, and a combination thereof.

13. In an image capturing system, a method for authenticating a captured image, comprising the steps of:

measuring a plurality of parameters associated with said captured image;

watermarking said plurality of parameters into said captured image to generate a watermarked image, and generating a verification key associated with said watermarked parameters;

extracting said plurality of parameters from said watermarked image with said associated verification key; and

comparing said extracted plurality of parameters from said watermarked image with said measured plurality of parameters associated with said captured image, whereby said captured image is authenticated if said extracted parameters match with said measured parameters.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of recording said measured plurality of parameters associated with each captured image, said extracted parameters being compared with said recorded parameters to authenticate said captured image.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of specifying which of said measured plurality of parameters is to be watermarked into a corresponding captured image.

16. The method of claim 14, further including the step of transmitting said watermarked image and said associated verification key to a remote system, and said extracting step and said comparing step are performed in said remote system.

17. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of compressing said captured image prior to said watermarking step, whereby said measured parameters are watermarked into said compressed image.

21. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of measuring a plurality of parameters associated with said captured image comprises receiving and recording object data from an object in an observed image frame when the image is generated, said object data comprising object identification information.

18. A method for verifying the authenticity of a captured image, said captured image being generated by an image capturing system having means for measuring a plurality of parameters associated with said captured image and means for watermarking said plurality of parameters within said captured image, said method comprising the steps of:

specifying at least one of said plurality of parameters to be measured and watermarked by said image capturing system;

capturing an image of a desired object with said image capturing system;

watermarking said captured image of said object with said specified parameters;

generating a corresponding verification key based on said watermarked parameters;

storing said watermarked image and said corresponding verification key;

retrieving said watermarked image and said corresponding verification key;

extracting from said watermarked image said watermarked parameters using said verification key;

comparing said extracted parameters with said specified parameters to determine if said extracted parameters match said specified parameters.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising the step of recording said specified parameters, wherein said recorded parameters are compared with said extracted parameters.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein said step of recording said specified parameters includes one of electronically recording said specified parameters with said captured image and manually recording said specified parameters associated with said captured image.

22. The method of claim 18, wherein said plurality of parameters to be measured and watermarked comprises user data that is automatically transmitted from a user and recorded when said image is captured, said user data comprising user identification information.