Thermal and compressed air storage system

• US 7,086,231 B2
• Filed: 02/05/2003
• Issued: 08/08/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 02/05/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: P10 Industries, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Active Power Incorporated
• Inventors: Pinkerton, Joseph F.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, HOANG M
• Application Number:
  US10/361,729
• Publication Number:
  US 20040148922A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,280 Days
• Field of Search: 606/50, 606/59
• US Class Current: 60/650
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 1/05 characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 6/16 for storing compressed air
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 7/08 Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 20/00 Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/14 Thermal energy storage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/16 Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Abstract

Combined thermal and compressed air storage systems are provided that utilize an exhaustless heater, such as a thermal storage unit, to provide power with enhanced efficiency. Compressed air is heated by the thermal storage unit prior to entering a turbine, which powers an electrical generator. In various embodiments, ambient air temperature, turbine exhaust or other types of waste heat are used to preheat the compressed air prior to the compressed air entering the thermal storage unit, thereby further increasing system efficiency.

Claims

1. A thermal and compressed air storage system comprising:

at least one pressurized tank that stores a predetermined quantity of compressed air;

at least one exhaustless heater that stores thermal energy coupled to said at least one pressurized tank and operative to heat said compressed air received from said at least one pressurized tank, wherein at least one of the exhaustless heaters is heated to at least 150°

centigrade prior to a compressed air discharge event;

a turbine coupled to said exhaustless heater to receive said heated compressed air, said received heated compressed air driving a turbine rotor in said turbine; and

an electrical generator that is powered by said turbine when said turbine is driven by said heated compressed air.

2. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 1, wherein said system further comprises:

an AC-to-DC converter coupled between said electrical generator and a load.

3. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 1, further comprising:

a compressor that compresses air that is stored in said at least one pressurized tank.

4. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 1, wherein said at least one pressurized tank is a replaceable compressed air cylinder.

5. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 1, wherein said exhaustless heater is a thermal storage unit.

6. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 5, wherein said thermal storage unit comprises a thermal storage material that is heated by a heating system.

7. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 6, wherein said thermal storage material is a liquid.

8. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 7, wherein said liquid is oil.

9. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 6, wherein said thermal storage material is a solid block of mass.

10. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 9, wherein said mass is iron.

11. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 6, wherein said thermal storage material transitions between a liquid state and a solid state.

12. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 11, wherein said material is aluminum.

13. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 6, wherein said heating system comprises a resistive heater that uses electrical power to heat said thermal storage material.

14. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 6, wherein said heating system comprises at least a first agent and a second agent that when mixed together produce an exothermic reaction to heat said thermal storage material.

15. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 1, wherein said exhaustless heater is an ambient air heat exchanger.

16. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 1, wherein said exhaustless heater is a turbine exhaust heat exchanger.

17. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 1, wherein said exhaustless heater is a solar energy heat exchanger.

18. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 1, wherein said exhaustless heater is a waste energy heat exchanger.

19. The thermal and compressed air storage system of claim 1, wherein said exhaustless heater is a compression process heat exchanger.

20. A method of using compressed air to provide electrical power comprising:

providing at least one pressurized tank that stores a predetermined quantity of compressed air;

heating said compressed air received from said at least one pressurized tank with an exhaustless heater that stores thermal energy, wherein said exhaustless heater is heated to at least 150°

centigrade prior to a compressed air discharge event;

driving a turbine using said heated compressed air; and

powering an electrical generator with said driven turbine to provide said electrical power.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein said providing comprises:

compressing air; and

storing said compressed air in said at least one pressurized tank.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein said providing comprises:

supplying a replaceable compressed air cylinder.

23. The method of claim 20, wherein said heating comprises:

using a thermal storage unit to heat said compressed air.

24. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

using an ambient air heat exchanger to heat said compressed air.

25. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

using a turbine exhaust heat exchanger to heat said compressed air.

26. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

using a solar energy heat exchanger to heat said compressed air.

27. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

using a waste energy heat exchanger to heat said compressed air.

28. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

using a compression process heat exchanger to heat said compressed air.

29. The method of claim 20, wherein said electrical power provided by said electrical generator is AC power, said method further comprising converting said AC power to DC power.

30. A thermal and compressed air storage system comprising:

at least one pressurized tank that stores a predetermined quantity of compressed air;

a thermal storage unit coupled to said at least one pressurized tank, said thermal storage unit is preheated to at least 150°

centigrade to store thermal energy prior to a discharge of compressed air from the at least one pressurized tank, such that during discharge of the compressed air, the stored thermal energy is used to heat said compressed air received from said at least one pressurized tank;

a turbine coupled to said thermal storage unit to receive said heated compressed air, said received heated compressed air driving a turbine rotor in said turbine, said thermal storage unit being an exhaustless heater; and

an electrical generator that is powered by said turbine when said turbine is driven by said heated compressed air.