Data storage media utilizing a substrate including a plastic resin layer, and method thereof

• US 7,087,290 B2
• Filed: 05/01/2001
• Issued: 08/08/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 02/12/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Sabic Innovative Plastics IP BV (Government of Saudi Arabia)
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Subramanian, Suresh, Landa, Bernard P., Dal, Kevin H., Kubotera, Kazunao, Hariharan, Ramesh, Furlano, Daniel, Woods, Joseph T., Bushko, Wit C., Feist, Thomas P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bernatz, Kevin M.
• Application Number:
  US09/845,743
• Publication Number:
  US 20020081460A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,925 Days
• Field of Search: 428/141, 428/156, 428/215, 428/336, 428/337, 428/409, 428/694.ST, 428/694.SL, 428/694.SG, 428/64.1, 428/64.2, 428/64.3, 428/65.3, 428/65.9, 428/66.5, 428/66.7, 428/170, 428/171, 428/172, 428/192, 428/304.4, 428/313.3, 428/402, 360/135
• US Class Current: 428/141
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2043/025 forming a microstructure, i.e. fine patterning
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 43/021 characterised by the shape of the surface
• CPC Class Codes: B29D 17/005 Producing optically read record carriers, e.g. optical discs
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2017/005 CD''s, DVD''s
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 10/00 Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 11/10582 Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material or by the structure or form
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 11/10584 characterised by the form, e.g. comprising mechanical protection elements
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 11/10586 characterised by the selection of the material
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2007/25708 containing group 13 elements (B, Al, Ga)
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2007/25713 containing nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 5/72 Protective coatings, e.g. anti-static or antifriction
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 5/73913 Composites or coated substrates
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 5/73919 Aluminium or titanium elemental or alloy substrates
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 5/73921 Glass or ceramic substrates
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 5/84 Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 5/8404 manufacturing base layers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 5/855 Coating only part of a support with a magnetic layer
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/24038 Multiple laminated recording layers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/24047 Substrates
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/24056 : Light transmission layers lying on the light entrance side and being thinner than the substrate, e.g. specially adapted for Blu-ray® discs
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/253 : of substrates
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2531 : comprising glass
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2532 : comprising metals
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2533 : comprising resins
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2534 : polycarbonates [PC]
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2536 : polystyrene [PS]
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2542 : consisting essentially of organic resins
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2548 : consisting essentially of inorganic materials
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2578 : consisting essentially of inorganic materials
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/258 : of reflective layers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/259 : based on silver
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/26 : Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/263 : Preparing and using a stamper, e.g. pressing or injection molding substrates production of optical record carriers, e.g. optical discs B29D17/005
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/02 : using elements whose operation depends upon chemical change G11C13/0009 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/025 : using fullerenes, e.g. C60, or nanotubes, e.g. carbon or silicon nanotubes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 156/1002 : with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49002 : Electrical device making
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/4902 : Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/4903 : with bonding
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49043 : Depositing magnetic layer or coating
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49069 : Data storage inductor or core
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49158 : with molding of insulated base
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49172 : by molding of insulating material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49176 : with molding of electrically insulating material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24355 : Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24479 : including variation in thickness
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24967 : Absolute thicknesses specified
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/265 : 1 mil or less
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/266 : of base or substrate
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31 : Surface property or characteristic of web, sheet or block
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/3154 : Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Abstract

In one embodiment, a data storage media comprises: a substrate comprising at least one plastic portion, an edge lift height of less than about 8μ, and an axial displacement peak of less than about 500μ under shock or vibration excitation; and at least one data layer on said substrate. The data layer can be at least partly read from, written to, or a combination thereof by at least one energy field, and, when the energy field contacts the storage media, the energy field is incident upon the data layer before it could be incident upon the substrate. In another embodiment, the data storage media comprises: a substrate comprising at least one plastic portion and an axial displacement peak of less than about 500μ under shock or vibration excitation, and an areal density of about 10 Gbit/in²; and at least one data layer on the substrate. The data layer can be at least partly read from, written to, or a combination thereof by at least one energy field, and, when the energy field contacts the storage media, the energy field is incident upon the data layer before it could be incident upon the substrate.

Claims

1. A data storage media, comprising:

a substrate having a first side comprising a plastic portion, a surface roughness of less than about 10 Å

, and an axial displacement peak of less than about 500μ

under shock and/or vibration excitation when excited by a 1 G sinusoidal loading, wherein said plastic portion has a thickness of less than about 50μ

;

an additional layer having a thickness of less than about 1,000 Å

. wherein said additional layer is disposed in physical contact with said plastic portion; and

magnetic data layer on said additional layer, wherein said magnetic data layer has a coercivity of greater than about 1,500 ocrsted;

wherein said data layer can be at least partly read from, written to, or a combination thereof by an energy field; and

wherein, when the energy field contacts said data storage media the energy field is incident upon said data layer before it could be incident upon said substrate.

2. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said surface roughness is less than about 5 Å

.

3. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said substrate further comprises a mechanical damping coefficient of greater than about 0.04 at a temperature of 24°

C.

4. The data storage media as in claim 3, wherein said mechanical damping coefficient is neater than about 0.06 at a temperature of 24°

C.

5. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said substrate further comprises a radial tilt and tangential tilt independently of less than about 1°

each, when measured in a resting state.

6. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said substrate further comprises a first modal frequency greater than an operating frequency.

7. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said substrate further comprises a core having a varied thickness.

8. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said substrate consists essentially of plastic.

9. The data storage media as in claim 8, wherein said plastic comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polyesters, polyimide, polyamides, polysulfones, polyether imides, polyether sulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, polyether ketones, polyether ether ketones, ABS resins, polybutadiene, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitrile, polyacetals, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, liquid crystal polymers, aromatic polyesters, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising at least one of the foregoing resins.

10. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said coercivity is greater than about 2,500 oersted.

11. The data storage media as in claim 10, wherein said coercivity is greater than about 3,000 oersted.

12. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein the substrate further comprises another plastic portion disposed on a second side of said substrate opposite said first side.

13. The data storage media as in claim 12, further comprising another data layer disposed on said second side.

14. The data storage media as in claim 13, further comprising another additional layer disposed between said another plastic portion and said another data layer.

15. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said substrate further comprises an edge-lift height of less than about 8μ

.

16. The data storage media as in claim 15, wherein said edge-lift height is less than about 5μ

.

17. The data storage media as in claim 16, wherein said edge-lift height is less than about 3μ

.

18. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said plastic portion comprises a resin selected from the group consisting or polystyrene, polyphenylene ethers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon polymer, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising at least one of the foregoing resins.

19. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said plastic portion comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising polycarbonate.

20. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said plastic portion comprises a physical pattern.

21. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said substrate further comprises metal.

22. The data storage media as in claim 1, wherein said substrate is selected from the group consisting of metal, glass, ceramic, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing substrates,

wherein the plastic portion comprises a physical pattern,

wherein said plastic film has a film thickness of less than about 20μ

; and

wherein said substrate has a substrate thickness of about 0.8 mm to about 1.2 mm.

23. The data storage media as in claim 22, wherein said substrate is metal.

24. The data storage media as in claim 22, wherein said film thickness is about 0.5μ

to about 10μ

.

25. The data storage media as in claim 22, wherein said physical pattern has a depth of about 20 nm to about 30 nm.

26. The data storage media as in claim 22, wherein said substrate is glass.

93. The storage media of claim 1, wherein the plastic portion further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of microfibers, fibrils, nanotubes, and whiskers.

94. The storage media of claim 1, wherein the material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of metal and carbon.

95. The storage media of claim 94, wherein the material comprises a form selected from the group consisting of microfibers, fibrils, nanotubes, and whiskers.

96. The storage media of claim 94, wherein the material comprises a form selected from the group consisting of particles, bubbles, microspheres, hollow fillers, fibers, and mesh.

97. The storage media of claim 1, wherein the plastic portion is a composite.

27. A data storage media, comprising:

a substrate having a first side comprising a plastic portion, a surface roughness of less than about 10 Å

, and an axial displacement peak of less than about 500μ

under shock and/or vibration excitation when excited by a 1 G sinusoidal loading, wherein said plastic portion has a thickness of less than about 50μ

; and

a magnetic data layer on said substrate, wherein said data layer is in physical contact with said plastic portion, wherein said magnetic data layer has a coercivity of greater than about 1,500 oersted;

wherein said data layer can be at least partly read from, written to, or a combination thereof by an energy field; and

wherein, when the energy field contacts said data storage media the energy field is incident upon said data layer before it could be incident upon said substrate.

28. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said substrate further comprises an edge-lift height of less than about 8μ

.

29. The data storage media as in claim 28, wherein said edge-lift height is less than about 5μ

.

30. The data storage media as in claim 29, wherein said edge-lift height is less than about 3μ

.

31. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said surface roughness is less than about 5 Å

.

32. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said substrate further comprises a mechanical damping coefficient of greater than about 0.04 at a temperature of 24°

C.

33. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said mechanical damping coefficient is greater than about 0.06 at a temperature of 24°

C.

34. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said substrate further comprises a radial tilt and tangential tilt independently of less than about 1°

each, when measured in a resting state.

35. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said substrate further comprises a first modal frequency greater than an operating frequency.

36. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said substrate further comprises a core having a varied thickness.

37. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said substrate consists essentially of plastic.

38. The data storage media as in claim 37, wherein said plastic comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polyesters, polyimide, polyamides, polysulfones, polyether imides, polyether sulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, polyether ketones, polyether ether ketones, ABS resins, polybutadiene, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitrile, polyacetals, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, liquid crystal polymers, aromatic polyesters, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising at least one of the foregoing resins.

39. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said coercivity is greater than about 2,500 oersted.

40. The data storage media as in claim 39, wherein said coercivity is greater than about 3,000 oersted.

41. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein the substrate further comprises another plastic portion disposed on a second side of said substrate opposite said first side.

42. The data storage media as in claim 41, further comprising another data layer disposed on said second side.

43. The data storage media as in claim 42, further comprising another additional layer disposed between said another plastic portion and said another data layer.

44. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said plastic portion comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polystyrenes, polyphenylene ethers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon polymer, and blends, copolymers mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising at least one of the foregoing resins.

45. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said plastic portion comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising polycarbonate.

46. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said plastic portion comprises a physical pattern.

47. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said substrate further comprises metal.

48. The data storage media as in claim 27, wherein said substrate is selected from the group consisting of metal, glass, ceramic, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing substrates,

wherein the plastic portion comprises a physical pattern,

wherein said plastic film has a film thickness of less than about 20μ

; and

wherein said substrate has a substrate thickness of about 0.8 mm to about 1.2 mm.

49. The data storage media as in claim 48, wherein said substrate is metal.

50. The data storage media as in claim 48, wherein said film thickness is about 0.5μ

to about 10μ

.

51. The data storage media as in claim 48, wherein said physical pattern has a depth of about 20 nm to about 30 nm.

52. The data storage media as in claim 48, wherein said substrate is glass.

98. The storage media of claim 27, wherein the plastic portion further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of microfibers, fibrils, nanotubes, and whiskers.

99. The storage media of claim 27, wherein the plastic portion further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of metal and carbon.

100. The storage media of claim 99, wherein the material comprises a form selected from the group consisting of microfibers, fibrils, nanotubes, and whiskers.

101. The storage media of claim 99, wherein the material comprises a form selected from the group consisting of particles, bubbles, microspheres, hollow fillers, fibers, and mesh.

102. The storage media of claim 27, wherein the plastic portion is a composite.

53. A method for retrieving data, comprising:

rotating a storage media comprising a magnetic data layer and a substrate, wherein said magnetic data layer is in physical contact with the plastic portion, wherein said magnetic data layer has a coercivity of greater than about 1,500 oersted, wherein said substrate has a first side comprising a plastic portion, has a surface roughness of less than about 10 Å

, and has an axial displacement peak of less than about 500μ

under shock and/or vibration excitation when excited by a 1 G sinusoidal loading, and wherein said plastic portion has a thickness of less than about 50μ

;

directing an energy field at said storage media such that said energy field is incident upon the data layer before it can be incident upon the substrate; and

retrieving information from the data layer via said energy field.

54. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein rotating said storage media comprises rotating said storage media at a variable speed.

55. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein said edge-lift height is less than about 5μ

.

56. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein said mechanical damping coefficient is greater than about 0.06 at a temperature of 24°

C.

57. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein said substrate further comprises a radial tilt and tangential tilt independently of less than about 1°

each, when measured in a resting state.

58. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein said substrate further comprises a first modal frequency greater than an operating frequency.

59. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein said substrate consists essentially of plastic.

60. The method for retrieving data as in claim 59, wherein said plastic comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polyesters, polyimide, polyamides, polysulfones, polyether imides, polyether sulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, polyether ketones, polyether ether ketones, ABS resins, polybutadiene, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitrile, polyacetals, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, liquid crystal polymers, aromatic polyesters, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising at least one of the foregoing resins.

61. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein said coercivity is greater than about 3,000 oersted.

62. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein said plastic portion comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polystyrenes, polyphenylene ethers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon polymer, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising at least one of the foregoing resins.

63. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein said plastic portion comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising polycarbonate.

64. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein said plastic portion comprises a physical pattern.

65. The method for retrieving data as in claim 53, wherein said substrate further comprises metal.

66. A method for retrieving data, comprising:

rotating a storage media comprising a magnetic data layer, an additional layer having a thickness of less than about 1,000 Å

, and a substrate having a first side comprising a plastic portion, wherein said addition layer is in physical contact with the plastic portion, wherein said magnetic data layer has a coercivity of greater than about 1,500 oersted, wherein said substrate has a surface roughness of less than about 10 Å and

an axial displacement peak of less than about 500μ

under shock and/or vibration excitation when excited by a 1 G sinusoidal loading, and wherein said plastic portion has a thickness of less than about 50μ

;

directing an energy field at said storage media such that said energy field is incident upon the data layer before it can be incident upon the substrate; and

retrieving information from the data layer via said energy field.

67. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein rotating said storage media comprises rotating said storage media at a variable speed.

68. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein said edge-lift height is less than about 5μ

.

69. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein said mechanical damping coefficient is greater than about 0.06 at a temperature of 24°

C.

70. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein said substrate further comprises a radial tilt and tangential tilt independently of less than about 1°

each, when measured in a resting state.

71. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein said substrate further comprises a first modal frequency greater than an operating frequency.

72. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein said substrate consists essentially of plastic.

73. The method for retrieving data as in claim 72, wherein said plastic comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polyesters, polyimide, polyamides, polysulfones, polyether imides, polyether sulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, polyether ketones, polyether ether ketones, ABS resins, polybutadiene, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitrile, polyacetals, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, liquid crystal polymers, aromatic polyesters, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene chloride, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising at least one of the foregoing resins.

74. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein said coercivity is greater than about 3,000 oersted.

75. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein said plastic portion comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polystyrenes, polyphenylene ethers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene fluorocarbon polymer, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising at least one of the foregoing resins.

76. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein said plastic portion comprises a resin selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising polycarbonate.

77. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein said plastic portion comprises a physical pattern.

78. The method for retrieving data as in claim 66, wherein said substrate further comprises metal.

79. A hard disk storage media for data, said media comprising:

a hard disk substrate having a surface roughness of less than about 10 Å

, wherein the substrate has a thickness of less than about 1.2 mm;

a plastic film, wherein said plastic film has a film thickness of less than about 50μ

; and

a magnetic data layer disposed on said plastic film, wherein said data layer has a coercivity of greater than about 1,500 oersted;

wherein said magnetic data layer can be at least partly read from, written to, or a combination thereof by a magnetic field; and

wherein the storage media has a tilt of less than about 1°

, measured in a resting state, wherein said tilt is selected from the group consisting of radial tilt and tangential tilt, wherein one of the following conditions are met;

(i) said data layer is in physical contact with said plastic film, or (ii) an additional layer having a thickness of less than about 1000 Å

is located between said data layer and said plastic film and said additional layer is in physical contact with said plastic film.

80. The storage media as in claim 79, wherein said substrate has a Young'"'"'s modulus of greater than about 70 GPa.

81. The storage media as in claim 80, wherein said Young'"'"'s modulus is greater than about 200 GPa.

82. The storage media as in claim 79, wherein said substrate is selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.

83. The storage media as in claim 79, wherein said coercivity is at least about 3,000 oersted.

84. The storage media as in claim 79, wherein said plastic film comprises a thermoplastic resin of the group consisting of polyetherimides, polyetheretherketones, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyethcrethersulfones, polystyrenes, polyphenylene cthers, thermoplastic polyimides, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising at least one of the foregoing resins.

85. The storage media as in claim 79, wherein said plastic film comprises polycarbonate.

86. The storage media as in claim 79, wherein said plastic film comprises a thermoset resin selected from the group consisting of epoxy, phenolic, alkyds, polyester, polyimide, polyurethane, mineral filled silicone, bis-maleimides, cyanate esters, vinyl, and beazocyclobutene resins, and blends, copolymers, mixtures, reaction products, and composites comprising at least one of the foregoing resins.

87. The storage media as in claim 79, wherein said plastic film has a film thickness of less than about 20μ

.

88. The storage media as in claim 87, wherein said film thickness is about 0.5μ

to about 10μ

.

89. The storage media as in claim 79, wherein said substrate has a substrate thickness of about 0.8 mm to about 1.2 mm.

90. The storage media as in claim 79, wherein said substrate is metal.

91. The storage media as in claim 79, wherein said plastic portion comprises a physical pattern.

92. The storage media as in claim 91, wherein said physical pattern has a depth of about 20 nm to about 30 nm.

103. The storage media of claim 79, wherein the plastic film is a composite.

104. The storage media of claim 79, wherein the plastic film further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of microfibers, fibrils, nanotubes, and whiskers.

105. The storage media of claim 79, wherein the plastic film further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of metal and carbon.

106. The storage media of claim 105, wherein the material comprises a form selected from the group consisting of microfibers, fibrils, nanotubes, and whiskers.

107. The storage media of claim 105, wherein the material comprises a form selected from the group consisting of particles, bubbles, microsphers, hollow fillers, fibers, and mesh.