Transition metal complexes with bidentate ligand having an imidazole ring
First Claim
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1. A sensor comprising:
- a working electrode;
a counter electrode; and
a redox mediator disposed proximate to the working electrode, the redox mediator comprising a polymeric transition metal complex that comprises;
a polymeric backbone;
spacers, each spacer covalently coupled to and extending from the polymeric backbone, each spacer comprising at least one non-cyclic functional group selected from the group consisting of —
(CRrRs)—
, —
O—
, —
S—
, —
C(O)O—
, —
S(O)2NRk—
, —
OC(O)NRm—
, —
OC(S)NRn, —
C(O)NRt—
, —
NRu—
, —
CRv═
N—
O—
, —
CRw═
NNRx—
, and —
(SiRyRz)—
, wherein Rr and Rs are independently hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and Rk, Rm, Rn, Rt, Ru, Rv, Rw, Rx, Ry, and Rz are independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and
transition metal complexes, each transition metal complex having the formula;
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Abstract
Novel transition metal complexes of iron, cobalt, ruthenium, osmium, and vanadium are described. The transition metal complexes can be used as redox mediators in enzyme based electrochemical sensors. In such instances, transition metal complexes accept electrons from, or transfer electrons to, enzymes at a high rate and also exchange electrons rapidly with the sensor. The transition metal complexes include at least one substituted or unsubstituted biimidazole ligand and may further include a second substituted or unsubstituted biimidazole ligand or a substituted or unsubstituted bipyridine or pyridylimidazole ligand. Transition metal complexes attached to polymeric backbones are also described.
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Citations
33 Claims
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1. A sensor comprising:
-
a working electrode; a counter electrode; and a redox mediator disposed proximate to the working electrode, the redox mediator comprising a polymeric transition metal complex that comprises; a polymeric backbone; spacers, each spacer covalently coupled to and extending from the polymeric backbone, each spacer comprising at least one non-cyclic functional group selected from the group consisting of —
(CRrRs)—
, —
O—
, —
S—
, —
C(O)O—
, —
S(O)2NRk—
, —
OC(O)NRm—
, —
OC(S)NRn, —
C(O)NRt—
, —
NRu—
, —
CRv═
N—
O—
, —
CRw═
NNRx—
, and —
(SiRyRz)—
, wherein Rr and Rs are independently hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and Rk, Rm, Rn, Rt, Ru, Rv, Rw, Rx, Ry, and Rz are independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; andtransition metal complexes, each transition metal complex having the formula; - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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9. A polymeric transition metal complex, comprising:
-
a polymeric backbone; spacers, each spacer covalently coupled to and extending from the polymeric backbone, each spacer comprising at least one non-cyclic functional group selected from the group consisting of —
(CRrRs)—
, —
O—
, —
S—
, —
C(O)O—
, —
S(O)2NRk—
, —
OC(O)NRm, —
OC(S)NRn, —
C(O)NRt—
, —
NRu—
, —
CRv═
N—
O—
, —
CRw═
NNRx—
, and —
(SiRyRz)—
, wherein Rr and Rs are independently hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and Rk, Rm, Rn, Rt, Ru, Rv, Rw, Rx, Ry, and Rz are independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; andtransition metal complexes, each transition metal complex having the formula; - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A polymeric transition metal complex, comprising:
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a polymeric backbone; spacers, each spacer covalently coupled to and extending from the polymeric backbone, each spacer comprising at least one non-cyclic functional group selected from the group consisting of —
(CRrRs)—
, —
O—
, —
S—
, —
C(O)O—
, —
S(O)2NRk—
, —
OC(O)NRm, —
OC(S)NRn, —
C(O)NRt—
, —
NRu—
, —
CRv═
N—
O—
, —
CRw═
NNRx—
, and —
(SiRyRz)—
, wherein Rr and Rs are independently hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and Rk, Rm, Rn, Rt, Ru, Rv, Rw, Rx, Ry, and Rz are independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and at least one spacer comprising a heterocycle; andtransition metal complexes, each transition metal complex having the formula; - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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Specification