Method and apparatus for processing electrochemical signals
First Claim
1. In an electrochemical method for monitoring of a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte, the improvement comprising:
- applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal; and
resolving a signal contribution from the select analyte in the generated signal by a vector projection method with an analyte vector comprising a plurality of real and imaginary parts of one or more Fourier coefficients at one or more frequencies of a reference current signal for the select analyte.
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Abstract
Systems and methods are provided herein for improving the selectivity and productivity of sensors via digital signal processing techniques. According to one illustrative embodiment, in an electrochemical method for monitoring of a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte, an improvement is provided that includes applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal; and resolving a signal contribution from the select analyte in the generated signal by a vector projection method with an analyte vector comprising a plurality of real and imaginary parts of one or more Fourier coefficients at one or more frequencies of a reference current signal for the select analyte.
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Citations
36 Claims
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1. In an electrochemical method for monitoring of a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte, the improvement comprising:
- applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal; and
resolving a signal contribution from the select analyte in the generated signal by a vector projection method with an analyte vector comprising a plurality of real and imaginary parts of one or more Fourier coefficients at one or more frequencies of a reference current signal for the select analyte.
- applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal; and
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2. An electrochemical method of determining concentration of a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte, comprising:
- applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal;
measuring the generated signal;
computing at least one parameter of all or some portion of the generated signal; and
determining a concentration of the select analyte in the mixed sample by resolving an estimation equation based on analyte vectors for each of the select and interfering analytes and the at least one parameter. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
- applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal;
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12. An apparatus comprising:
- a potentiostat circuit for applying a voltage waveform to and detecting a resulting current from an electrode system;
at least one memory having program instructions and a processor configured to execute the program instructions to perform the operations of;
applying a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear current signal;
measuring the generated signal;
computing at least one Fourier coefficient of a desired frequency component of all or some portion of the generated signal; and
determining a concentration of the select analyte in the mixed sample by use of the at least one Fourier coefficient to resolve an estimation equation based on analyte vectors for each of the select and interfering analytes.
- a potentiostat circuit for applying a voltage waveform to and detecting a resulting current from an electrode system;
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13. A method of constructing an estimation equation for monitoring a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte, the method comprising:
- selecting a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to generate a nonlinear current signal When applied to the sample;
applying the waveform to samples containing multiple different concentrations of each of the select and interfering analytes alone, and measuring the resulting reference current signals;
computing values of real and imaginary parts of a Fourier transform for each of the reference current signals;
plotting the real and imaginary values of a Fourier coefficient of the Fourier transform at each of a multiple number of frequencies;
selecting one of the multiple frequencies at which the real and imaginary parts exhibit a relatively larger difference in phase angle;
computing analyte vectors for each of the select and interfering analytes at the selected one frequency; and
constructing the estimation equation based on the analyte vectors and calibration information that relates a concentration of the respective analyte in the sample to a length of the respective analyte vector in a complex plane. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
- selecting a large amplitude potential stimulus waveform to generate a nonlinear current signal When applied to the sample;
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20. An electrochemical method of determining concentration of a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte, comprising:
- applying a stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear signal;
measuring the generated signal;
computing at least one parameter of all or some portion of the generated signal; and
determining a concentration of the select analyte in the mixed sample by resolving an estimation equation based on analyte vectors for each of the select and interfering analytes and the at least one parameter, wherein the at least one parameter is a frequency-domain parameter and/or a time-domain parameter. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35)
- applying a stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear signal;
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36. An electrochemical method of determining concentration of a select analyte in a mixed sample with an interfering analyte, comprising:
- applying a stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear signal;
measuring the generated signal;
computing at least one parameter of all or some portion of the generated signal; and
determining a concentration of the select analyte in the mixed sample by resolving an estimation equation based on analyte vectors for each of the select and interfering analytes and the at least one parameter, wherein the stimulus waveform is a current and the generated signal is a potential.
- applying a stimulus waveform to the sample to generate a nonlinear signal;
Specification