Tunable circuit including a switchable inductor

• US 7,091,784 B1
• Filed: 04/29/2004
• Issued: 08/15/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 03/03/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Atheros Communications Incorporated (Qualcomm, Inc.)
• Inventors: Terrovitis, Manolis
• Primary Examiner(s): Mottola, Steven J.
• Application Number:
  US10/837,455
• Time in Patent Office: 838 Days
• Field of Search: 330/252, 330/253, 330/283, 330/305
• US Class Current: 330/252
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/565 using inductive elements
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45631 the LC comprising one or more capacitors, e.g. coupling capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45634 the LC comprising one or more switched capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45638 the LC comprising one or more coils
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/191 Tuned amplifiers H03F3/193, H03F3/195 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45188 Non-folded cascode stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/602 Combinations of several amplifiers

Abstract

The frequency of a differential circuit can be advantageously adjusted using a switchable inductor. Specifically, the switchable inductor allows a base inductance to be increased by activating one of a plurality of inductor stages. A switch in an inductor stage can be opened to activate that inductor stage. In one embodiment, the switch can be implemented using a PMOS transistor and closing the switch means turning on the PMOS transistor. Advantageously, the switches have non-ideal behavior when closed which may be mitigated by disposing the switch between differential sides of a circuit, thereby providing a more optimal Q for certain applications. Moreover, the switches ensure that the first and second sides of the differential circuit receive an equal resistance to a virtual ground.

Claims

1. A tunable differential circuit comprising:

a switchable inductor including at least one pair of inductors selectively connected across sides of a differential circuit using a switching element, wherein the switching element, when closed, ensures that the sides of the differential circuit receive an equal resistance; and

a plurality of components in operative relation to the switchable inductor.

2. A tunable differential circuit comprising:

a switchable inductor including;

a base inductor pair comprising a first base inductor on a first side of the differential circuit and a second base inductor on a second side of the differential circuit; and

at least one inductor stage coupled between the base inductor pair and a voltage source, each inductor stage including incremental inductors connectable across the first and second sides of the differential circuit; and

a plurality of components in operative relation to the base inductor pair.

3. A tunable differential circuit comprising:

a switchable inductor including;

a base inductor pair comprising a first base inductor on a first side of the differential circuit and a second base inductor on a second side of the differential circuit; and

at least one inductor stage coupled between the base inductor pair and a voltage source; and

a plurality of components in operative relation to the base inductor pair, wherein each inductor stage includes;

a first incremental inductor on the first side of the differential circuit;

a second incremental inductor on the second side of the differential circuit; and

a switch connecting the first and second incremental inductors.

4. The tunable differential circuit of claim 3, wherein the switch includes a PMOS transistor.

5. The tunable differential circuit of claim 3, wherein each of the first and second incremental inductors can provide a predetermined incremental inductance.

6. The tunable differential circuit of claim 3, wherein the base and incremental inductors on each side of the differential circuit are formed using discrete inductors.

7. The tunable differential circuit of claim 3, wherein the base and incremental inductors on each side of the differential circuit are formed using a single inductor having multiple taps.

10. The tunable differential circuit of claim 3, wherein the switches have non-ideal behavior when closed.

11. The tunable differential circuit of claim 3, wherein the switches ensure that the first and second sides of the differential circuit receive an equal resistance to a virtual ground.

8. A tunable differential circuit comprising:

a switchable inductor including;

a base inductor pair comprising a first base inductor on a first side of the differential circuit and a second base inductor on a second side of the differential circuit; and

at least one inductor stage coupled between the base inductor pair and a voltage source; and

a plurality of components in operative relation to the base inductor pair, wherein the switchable inductor is implemented with inductors formed using mirror symmetry and the plurality of components are also formed using mirror symmetry.

9. A tunable differential circuit comprising:

a switchable inductor including;

a base inductor pair comprising a first base inductor on a first side of the differential circuit and a second base inductor on a second side of the differential circuit; and

at least one inductor stage coupled between the base inductor pair and a voltage source; and

a plurality of components in operative relation to the base inductor pair, wherein the switchable inductor is implemented with inductors formed using step symmetry and the plurality of components are formed using mirror symmetry.

12. A method of adjusting a frequency of a differential circuit including a tank, the method comprising:

using a switchable inductor to change an inductance of the tank, the switchable inductor including at least one inductor stage, each inductor stage including an inductor pair connectable across the differential circuit using a switching element, wherein the switchable inductor allows a base inductance to be increased and the switching element, when closed, ensures that the sides of the differential circuit receive an equal resistance.

13. A method of adjusting a frequency of a differential circuit including a tank, the method comprising:

using a switchable inductor to change an inductance of the tank, the switchable inductor including at least one inductor stage, each inductor stage including an inductor pair connectable across the differential circuit, wherein the switchable inductor allows a base inductance to be increased, wherein the switchable inductor includes;

a base inductor pair; and

the at least one inductor stage coupled between the base inductor pair and a voltage source,

wherein using the switchable inductor to change the inductance includes activating one of the at least one inductor stage.

14. A method of adjusting a frequency of a differential circuit including a tank, the method comprising:

using a switchable inductor to change an inductance of the tank, wherein the switchable inductor allows a base inductance to be increased, wherein the switchable inductor includes;

a base inductor pair; and

at least one inductor stage coupled between the base inductor pair and a voltage source,

wherein using the switchable inductor to change the inductance includes activating one of the at least one inductor stage,

wherein the base inductor pair includes;

a first base inductor on a first side of the differential circuit and a second base inductor on a second side of the differential circuit,

wherein each inductor stage includes;

a first incremental inductor on the first side of the differential circuit;

a second incremental inductor on the second side of the differential circuit; and

a switch connecting the first and second incremental inductors, and

wherein using the switchable inductor to change the inductance includes closing a switch of an inductor stage.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the switch is a PMOS transistor and closing the switch includes turning on the PMOS transistor.

16. A method of allowing a frequency of a differential circuit to be tuned inductively, the method comprising:

providing a switchable inductor including at least one inductor stage having inductors selectively connectable across sides of the differential circuit using a switching element, wherein the switching element, when closed, ensures that the sides of the differential circuit receive an equal resistance; and

coupling the switchable inductor between a voltage source and other components of the differential circuit.

17. A method of allowing a frequency of a differential circuit to be tuned inductively, the method comprising:

providing a switchable inductor including at least one inductor stage having inductors selectively connectable across sides of the differential circuit; and

coupling the switchable inductor between a voltage source and other components of the differential circuit, wherein the at least one inductor stage can add an incremental inductance to a base inductance.

18. A method of allowing a frequency of a differential circuit to be tuned inductively, the method comprising:

providing a switchable inductor including at least one inductor stage having inductors selectively connectable across sides of the differential circuit; and

coupling the switchable inductor between a voltage source and other components of the differential circuit, wherein each inductor stage includes a switching element for activating an inductor stage and ensuring that the sides of the differential circuit receive an equal resistance when the switching element is closed.

19. A method of allowing a frequency of a differential circuit to be tuned inductively, the method comprising:

providing a switchable inductor including at least one inductor stage having inductors selectively connectable across sides of the differential circuit; and

coupling the switchable inductor between a voltage source and other components of the differential circuit, wherein each inductor stage includes a switching element that when closed ensures its resistance is divided equally between two sides of the differential circuit in reference to a virtual ground.

20. A method of allowing a frequency of a differential circuit to be tuned inductively, the method comprising:

providing a switchable inductor;

coupling the switchable inductor between a voltage source and other components of the differential circuit;

using step symmetry for providing the switchable inductor; and

using mirror symmetry for coupling the switchable inductor between a voltage source and other components of the differential circuit.

21. A tunable differential circuit comprising:

a switchable inductor for providing at least one selectable inductance, the switchable inductor including at least one inductor stage having inductors selectively connectable across sides of the tunable differential circuit using a switching element, wherein the switching element, when closed, ensures that the sides of the differential circuit receive an equal resistance; and

a plurality of components in operative relation to the switchable inductor.

22. A tunable differential circuit comprising:

a switchable inductor for providing at least one selectable inductance, the switchable inductor including;

a base inductor pair comprising a first base inductor on a first side of the differential circuit and a second base inductor on a second side of the differential circuit; and

at least one inductor stage coupled between the base inductor pair and a voltage source, the at least one inductor stage including inductors selectively connectable across the first and second sides of the differential circuit; and

a plurality of components in operative relation to the base inductor pair.

23. A method of allowing a frequency of a differential circuit to be tuned inductively, the method comprising:

providing a switchable inductor for selecting one of a plurality of inductances;

ensuring that sides of the differential circuit receive an equal resistance when a switching element of the switchable inductor is closed; and

coupling the switchable inductor between a voltage source and other components of the differential circuit.