Axial gap electrical machine
First Claim
1. An electrical machine with an axis of rotation between a magnetic field element (102/103 FIG. 1, FIG. 9) with a plurality of pairs of poles, each pair of poles arranged to provide a substantially axial magnetic field between members of said pairs of poles in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of said electrical machine, and wherein said plurality of pairs of poles are arranged to be around a circle about the axis of rotation of said electrical machine, and wherein said magnetic field element is supported by a first support element;
- and at least one internally self braced toroidal wound element (101 FIG. 1) comprising a first toroid of rotation and a second toroid of rotation, each with a radial direction and each coaxial with the axis of rotation of said electrical machine (147 A,B FIG. 16 A), said at least one toroidal wound element mechanically supported at one or both of its external and internal peripheries by a second support element, and comprising a plurality of interlocking windings (FIGS. 2J, 2S, 10C, 13C) wherein each of said windings has a first end and a second end (111c of FIGS. 2J, 2S, 10C, 13C), and each comprising a contiguous flat insulated conductor with a length, and a width (“
w”
FIG. 2C) and a thickness (“
t”
FIG. 2C) at each point along said length, and wherein the width is greater than the thickness at each point along said length, and said conductor having a first and second face across said thickness along said length of said conductor, and wherein said conductor comprises at least one pair of working segments along its length, each of said working segments oriented such that the width of the conductor along the length of said working segments lies substantially in the direction of said substantially axial magnetic field (FIGS. 2M, 2T, 10C, 13C), and wherein for all windings of said at least one wound element, the first face of said contiguous conductor for each winding, along each element of the at least one pair of working segments is a first face of respectively each element of the at least one pair of working segments and faces substantially in the local direction of motion of said working segment in the electrical machine, and wherein the second face of said contiguous conductor for each winding, along each element of the at least one pair of working segments is a second face of respectively each of the elements of the at least one pair of working segments and faces substantially in the direction opposite the local direction of motion of said working segment in the electrical machine, and wherein said at least one pair of working segments comprise a first working segment and a second working segment, wherein the first working segment (148A FIG. 1) lies across the first toroid of rotation with its length along the radial direction of said first toroid of rotation and the second working segment (148B FIG. 1) lies across the second toroid of rotation with its length along the radial direction of said second toroid of rotation, and wherein the first working segment and the second working segment are arranged with a non-working segment of said conductor on either side thereof, thereby forming a turn of said winding with a first end and a second end, and wherein a space between each of the pairs of poles of the magnetic field element (102, 103), straddle and are separated by a pair of working airgaps (139) from the first and second toroids of rotation of the at least one wound element,such that relative movement of the pairs of poles of said magnetic field element cause their magnetic field relative to the working segments in the at least one would element to generate an electromotive force across the working segments, and conversely such that when there is an electromotive force applied to the ends of the working segments, the induced current in the working segments and thereby in the magnetic field of the magnetic field element, create a force on the magnetic field element to cause its relative movement in a predetermined direction of rotation.
1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
An axial gap electrical machine employs unique architecture to (1) overcome critical limits in the air gap at high speeds, while maintaining high torque performance at low speeds, while synergistically providing a geometry that withstands meets critical force concentration within these machines, (2) provides arrangements for cooling said machines using either a Pelletier effect or air fins, (3) “windings” that are produced as ribbon or stampings or laminates, that may be in some cases be arranged to optimize conductor and magnetic core density within the machine. Arrangements are also proposed for mounting the machines as wheels of a vehicle, to provide ease of removing and installing said motor.
-
Citations
39 Claims
-
1. An electrical machine with an axis of rotation between a magnetic field element (102/103
FIG. 1 ,FIG. 9 ) with a plurality of pairs of poles, each pair of poles arranged to provide a substantially axial magnetic field between members of said pairs of poles in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of said electrical machine, and wherein said plurality of pairs of poles are arranged to be around a circle about the axis of rotation of said electrical machine, and wherein said magnetic field element is supported by a first support element;-
and at least one internally self braced toroidal wound element (101 FIG. 1 ) comprising a first toroid of rotation and a second toroid of rotation, each with a radial direction and each coaxial with the axis of rotation of said electrical machine (147 A,BFIG. 16 A), said at least one toroidal wound element mechanically supported at one or both of its external and internal peripheries by a second support element, and comprising a plurality of interlocking windings (FIGS. 2J , 2S, 10C, 13C) wherein each of said windings has a first end and a second end (111c ofFIGS. 2J , 2S, 10C, 13C), and each comprising a contiguous flat insulated conductor with a length, and a width (“
w”
FIG. 2C ) and a thickness (“
t”
FIG. 2C ) at each point along said length, and wherein the width is greater than the thickness at each point along said length, and said conductor having a first and second face across said thickness along said length of said conductor, and wherein said conductor comprises at least one pair of working segments along its length, each of said working segments oriented such that the width of the conductor along the length of said working segments lies substantially in the direction of said substantially axial magnetic field (FIGS. 2M , 2T, 10C, 13C), and wherein for all windings of said at least one wound element, the first face of said contiguous conductor for each winding, along each element of the at least one pair of working segments is a first face of respectively each element of the at least one pair of working segments and faces substantially in the local direction of motion of said working segment in the electrical machine, and wherein the second face of said contiguous conductor for each winding, along each element of the at least one pair of working segments is a second face of respectively each of the elements of the at least one pair of working segments and faces substantially in the direction opposite the local direction of motion of said working segment in the electrical machine, and wherein said at least one pair of working segments comprise a first working segment and a second working segment, wherein the first working segment (148AFIG. 1 ) lies across the first toroid of rotation with its length along the radial direction of said first toroid of rotation and the second working segment (148BFIG. 1 ) lies across the second toroid of rotation with its length along the radial direction of said second toroid of rotation, and wherein the first working segment and the second working segment are arranged with a non-working segment of said conductor on either side thereof, thereby forming a turn of said winding with a first end and a second end, and wherein a space between each of the pairs of poles of the magnetic field element (102, 103), straddle and are separated by a pair of working airgaps (139) from the first and second toroids of rotation of the at least one wound element,such that relative movement of the pairs of poles of said magnetic field element cause their magnetic field relative to the working segments in the at least one would element to generate an electromotive force across the working segments, and conversely such that when there is an electromotive force applied to the ends of the working segments, the induced current in the working segments and thereby in the magnetic field of the magnetic field element, create a force on the magnetic field element to cause its relative movement in a predetermined direction of rotation. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34)
-
-
12. An electrical machine as in 10, wherein said insulated magnetic core elements comprise powdered magnetic core material, compacted and bonded to said working conductor segments, thereby providing low reluctance in the core magnetic material but high electrical resistance to minimize eddy current losses in said magnetic core material.
-
35. An electrical machine with local relative motion in the x-direction of a 3 dimensional space with x-, y-, and z-directions between
a magnetic field element (102/103 FIG. 1 ,FIG. 9 ) with a plurality of pairs of poles, each pair of poles arranged to provide a magnetic field between members of said pairs of poles substantially in a y-direction orthogonal to said relative motion of said electrical machine, and wherein said plurality of pairs of poles are arranged to be along the local direction of motion of said electrical machine, and wherein said magnetic field element is supported by a first support element;-
and at least one internally self braced wound element (101 FIG. 1 ) comprising a first generated volume of working conductors with an x-, y-, and z-direction and a second generated volume of working conductors with an x-, y-, and z-direction, said at least one internally braced wound element being mechanically supported at one or both of its ends in the z-direction, by a second support element, and comprising a plurality of interlocking windings (FIGS. 2J , 2S, 10C, 13C), wherein each of said windings has a first end and a second end (111c ofFIGS. 2J , 2S, 10C, 13C), and each comprising a contiguous flat insulated conductor with a length, and a width and a thickness at each point along said length, and wherein the width is greater than the thickness at each point along said length, and said conductor having a first and second face across said thickness along said length of said conductor, and wherein said conductor comprises at least one pair of working segments along its length, each of said working segments oriented such that the width of the conductor along the length of said working segments lies substantially in the direction of said magnetic field (FIGS. 2M , 2T, 10C, 13C), and wherein for all windings of said at least one wound element, the first face of said contiguous conductor for each winding, along each element of the at least one pair of working segments is the first face of respectively each element of the at least one pair of working segments and faces the local direction of motion of said working segment in the electrical machine, and wherein the second face of said contiguous conductor for each winding, along each element of the at least one pair of working segments is the second face of respectively each of the elements of the at least one pair of working segments and faces the direction opposite the local direction of motion of said working segment in the electrical machine, and wherein said pair of working segments comprise a first working segment and a second working segment, wherein the first working segment lies across the first generated volume of working conductors with its length substantially in the z-direction and the second working segment lies in the second generated volume of working conductors with its length substantially in the z-direction and wherein the first working segment and the second working segment are arranged with a non-working segment of said conductor on either side thereof, thereby forming a turn of said winding with a first end and a second end, and wherein a space between each of the pairs of poles of the magnetic field element (102, 103), straddle and are separated by a pair of working airgaps (139) from the first and second volumes of generation of working conductors of the at least one wound element,such that relative movement of the pairs of poles of said magnetic field element cause their magnetic field relative to the working segments in the at least one would element to generate an electromotive force across the working segments, and conversely such that when there is an electromotive force applied to the ends of the working segments, the induced current in the working segments and thereby in the magnetic field of the magnetic field element, create a force on the magnetic field element to cause its relative movement in a predetermined direction. - View Dependent Claims (36, 37)
-
-
38. An electrical machine with local relative motion in the x-direction of the 3-dimensional space with x-, y- and z-directions, between:
-
a magnetic field element (102/103 FIG. 1 ,FIG. 9 ) with a plurality of pairs of poles, each pair of poles arranged to provide magnetic field between members of said pairs of poles substantially in a y-direction orthogonal to said relative motion of said electrical machine, and wherein said plurality of pairs of poles are arranged to be along a local direction of motion of said electrical machine, and wherein said magnetic field element is supported by a first support element;and at least one internally self braced wound element (101 FIG. 1 ) comprising a plurality of windings each with a first end and a second end, and each with at least one turn, wherein each turn has two working conductors, and wherein each of said turns has a width and a thickness along each point along its length and wherein said width is greater than said thickness at each point along its length, and wherein said width along each of the working conductors of each of the turns lies in the direction of the magnetic field (y-direction), and wherein the turn adjacent to the first end of said winding is the first turn of the winding and the turn adjacent to the second end of the winding is the last turn of the winding, and wherein each of the turns of each of the windings have substantially identical geometries, thereby allowing assembly of each of said windings with each turn substantially adjacent to the next turn on said winding across the width of each of said turns, thereby creating substantially identical windings, and wherein the wound element may be assembled with the substantially identical windings with the first turn of at least all but one winding in said wound element, located adjacent to the last turn of another winding in said wound element. - View Dependent Claims (39)
-
Specification