Addressable biologic electrode array

• US 7,101,717 B2
• Filed: 01/23/2004
• Issued: 09/05/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 07/09/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Gamida for Life B.V.
• Original Assignee: Nanogen, Inc.
• Inventors: Kovacs, Gregory T. A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Soderquist, Arlen
• Application Number:
  US10/764,041
• Publication Number:
  US 20040149582A1
• Time in Patent Office: 956 Days
• Field of Search: 422/68.1, 422 8201- 8206, 204412-413, 436/73, 436/79, 436 86- 90, 436 93- 95, 436106-113, 436/164, 436127-132, 436149-151, 436/172, 436/501, 436/503, 436/508, 436512-513, 436/518, 436/527
• US Class Current: 436/149
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00527 Sheets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00585 Parallel processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00596 Solid-phase processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00605 the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00612 the surface being inorganic
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00617 by chemical means
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00621 by physical means, e.g. trenches, raised areas
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00637 by coating it with another layer
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00653 the compounds being bound to electrodes embedded in or on the solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00659 Two-dimensional arrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00722 Nucleotides
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/27 Association of two or more measuring systems or cells, each measuring a different parameter, where the measurement results may be either used independently, the systems or cells being physically associated, or combined to produce a value for a further parameter
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/3276 being a hybridisation with immobilised receptors using a FET type sensor G01N27/4145; concerning the hybridisation C12Q1/68
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/5438 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/142222 Hetero-O [e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/143333 Saccharide [e.g., DNA, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/144444 Glucose
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/17 Nitrogen containing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/170769 N-Nitroso containing [e.g., nitrosamine, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/171538 : Urea or blood urea nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/173845 : Amine and quaternary ammonium
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/20 : Oxygen containing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/200833 : Carbonyl, ether, aldehyde or ketone containing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/203332 : Hydroxyl containing

Abstract

An addressable biologic electrode array includes an array of electrodes disposed on a support, the array of electrodes being selectively addressed and driven using a memory associated with each electrode of the array, the driven electrodes being driven at one of a plurality of stimulus levels by a source of electrical current or voltage external to the array.

Claims

1. An addressable biologic electrode array comprising:

an array of electrodes disposed on a support, the array of electrodes being selectively addressed and driven using a plurality of memories, a separate memory being associated with each electrode of the array, the driven electrodes being driven at one of a plurality of stimulus levels by a source of electrical current or voltage external to the array.

2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a polymer layer disposed above the array of electrodes.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the polymer layer is permeable to water.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the polymer layer is permeable to counter-ions.

5. The device of claim 3, wherein the polymer layer is permeable to electrolysis reaction gases.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the polymer layer has a thickness within the range of approximately 1 nanometer to approximately 100 microns.

7. The device of claim 1, further comprising a biomolecule coupled to the polymer layer.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein the biomolecule comprises nucleic acids.

9. The device of claim 7, wherein the biomolecule comprises amino acids.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the stimulus level is an electrical current.

11. The device of claim 1, wherein the stimulus level is a voltage.

12. The device of claim 1, wherein the support is contained within a sample chamber.

13. The device of claim 1, further comprising a computer external to the array that is operatively coupled to the memory associated with each electrode, the computer controlling the stimulus level of the driven electrodes.

14. A method of selectively addressing and applying electrical current or voltage to electrodes in a biologic electrode array comprising the steps of:

providing an array of electrodes on a substrate, selectively addressing and driving the array of electrodes using a plurality of memories, a separate memory being associated with each electrode of the array, the driven electrodes being driven at one of a plurality of stimulus levels by a source of electrical current or voltage external to the array.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein a polymer layer is disposed above the array of electrodes.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the polymer layer is permeable to water.

17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the polymer layer is permeable to counter-ions.

18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the polymer layer is permeable to electrolysis reaction gases.

19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the polymer layer has a thickness within the range of approximately 1 nanometer to approximately 100 microns.

20. The method according to claim 15, further comprising a biomolecule coupled to the polymer layer.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the biomolecule comprises nucleic acids.

22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the biomolecule comprises amino acids.

23. The method according to claim 14, wherein the stimulus level is an electrical current.

24. The method according to claim 14, wherein the stimulus level is a voltage.

25. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the step of providing a computer external to the array that is operatively coupled to the memory associated with each electrode, the computer controlling the stimulus level of the driven electrodes.

26. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the step of imaging the array of electrodes.