Apparatus, system, method and computer program product for digital beamforming in the intermediate frequency domain

• US 7,103,383 B2
• Filed: 12/31/2002
• Issued: 09/05/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Viavi Solutions, Inc. (Lumentum Holdings Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Wireless Highways, Inc.
• Inventors: Ito, Teisuke
• Primary Examiner(s): Gesesse, Tilahun
• Application Number:
  US10/331,762
• Publication Number:
  US 20040127168A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,344 Days
• Field of Search: 455/562.1, 455/101, 455/561, 455/273, 455/276.1, 455/560
• US Class Current: 455/562.1
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0408 using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0617 for beam forming
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/086 using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming

Abstract

An apparatus, system, method and computer program product for digital beamforming in the IF domain. The beamforming technique of the present invention can be implemented in general point-to-multipoint wireless networks to significantly increase bandwidth in both the downlink and uplink directions. This beamforming technique allows for a modular design of a smart antenna system which typically includes an antenna array, a multiple number of transceivers, IF beamformers, and a set of modems.

Claims

1. An apparatus for digital beamforming in the intermediate frequency (IF) domain, comprising:

an input unit adapted to receive a plurality of IF input signals from a plurality of input sources;

a separator/generator adapted to separate each of said plurality of IF input signals into a plurality of IF signal pairs and to generate an in-phase and quadrature signal for each of said plurality of IF signal pairs;

a shifter unit adapted to shift each of said IF signals in phase and amplitude;

a multiplier unit adapted to multiply each in-phase and quadrature signal with a predetermined weight coefficient vector;

a summer unit adapted to sum the weighted in-phase and quadrature signals to produce a plurality of IF output signals; and

a controller for the general control and monitoring of said units of the apparatus, wherein each of said output signals is associated with a data channel and an element of an antenna array.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said multiplier unit multiplies each in-phase and quadrature signal by a different weight coefficient vector.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said plurality of input IF signals are asynchronous or coherent.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said controller further comprises at least one processing module that can be configured according to the number IF input signals and channels being used by said apparatus.

5. The apparatus in claim 4, wherein said processing module includes at least one programmable processor.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said programmable processor implements in software each of said weight coefficients.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said programmable processor modifies said weight coefficients in real-time.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said programmable processor modifies said weight coefficients to correct the effects of spectral inversion.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus performs digital beamforming in the IF domain on said IF input signals in the uplink or downlink direction.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said multiplier unit produces said weighted IF output signals so as to have the same carrier frequency as said IF input signals.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said shifter unit shifts each of the IF signals in amplitude and phase by 90-degrees.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said separator unit/generator unit, shifter unit, multiplier unit and summer unit are implemented in software in said apparatus.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, and further comprising a plurality of transmitter devices that collectively transmit the IF output signals to a remote unit.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein said controller performs automated calibration to compensated for differences in phase and amplitude among said plurality of wireless data channels.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the plurality of transmitters are radio frequency transmitters.

16. A system for digital beamforming in the intermediate frequency (IF) domain, comprising:

a network connection for communicating data between a data network and said system;

a router for routing data received from said network connection to said system;

a plurality of modems for receiving a plurality of IF signals from said router;

a digital beamformer unit for performing beamforming digital signal processing of said plurality of IF signals received by modems to produce a plurality of IF output signals;

a plurality of antenna elements;

a plurality of transceivers each associated with a corresponding one of the plurality of antenna elements for upconverting a corresponding one of the plurality of IF output signals for wireless transmission to a plurality of remote units via said plurality of antenna elements.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein said digital beamfomer unit performs said digital signal processing of said IF signals in the downlink direction of a wireless network.

19. The system as in either claim 16 or 18, wherein said network connection is a high data rate fiber optic or OC3 connection.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein said router is capable of routing a high rate of data between said system and said data network via the network connection.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein said digital beamformer unit includes a separating/generating unit, shifting unit, multiplier unit and summing unit;

wherein said separating/generating unit separates each of the plurality of IF signals into a plurality of IF signal pairs and generates an in-phase and quadrature signal for each of said IF signal pairs, said shifting unit shifts each one of said IF signals in amplitude and phase, said multiplier unit multiplies each in-phase and quadrature signal with a predetermined weight coefficient, and said summing unit sums the weighted in-phase and quadrature signals to produce said plurality of IF output signals.

22. The system of claim 21, further comprising a controller for performing general control and monitoring of said units within said digital beamformer unit.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein said multiplier multiplies each in-phase and quadrature signal by a different weight coefficient.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein said controller further comprises at least one processing module that is configurable according to the number said of plurality of IF signals being used by said system.

25. The system of claim 22, wherein said controller performs automated calibration to compensate for differences in phase and amplitude among said plurality of transceivers.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein said processing module includes at least one programmable processor.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein said programmable processor implements in software each of said weight coefficients.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein said programmable processor modifies said weight coefficients in real-time.

29. The system of claim 28, wherein said programmable processor modifies said weight coefficients to correct the effects of spectral inversion.

30. The system of claim 29, wherein said IF output signals have the same carrier frequency as said IF data signals.

31. The system of claim 30, wherein said shifter unit shifts each of the IF signals in amplitude and phase by 90-degrees.

32. The system of claim 31, wherein said separator unit, shifter unit, generator unit, multiplier unit and summer unit are implemented in software in said digital beamformer unit.

18. A system for digital beamforming in the intermediate frequency (IF) domain, comprising:

a plurality of transceivers having antenna elements for wirelessly receiving a plurality of signals transmitted from corresponding ones of a plurality of remote units and producing a corresponding plurality of IF signals;

a digital beamformer unit for performing beamforming digital signal processing of said plurality of IF signals to produce a plurality of IF output signals;

a plurality of modems connected to said digital beamformer unit each for receiving a corresponding one of said IF output signals; and

a router connected to said plurality of modems for transmission of said IF output signals to a data network.

33. The system of claim 18, wherein said digital beamformer unit performs said digital signal processing of said IF signals in the uplink direction of a wireless network.

34. A method for digital beamforming in the IF domain, comprising:

receiving at a beamformer unit a plurality of IF input signals from a plurality of input sources;

separating each of said plurality of IF input signals into a plurality of IF signal pairs in said beamformer unit;

generating an in-phase and quadrature signal for each of said plurality of IF input signals in said beamformer unit;

shifting each one of said IF input signals in both amplitude and phase in said beamformer unit;

multiplying each in-phase and quadrature signal for said plurality of IF input signals with a predetermined weight coefficient vector in said beamformer unit; and

summing the weighted in-phase and quadrature signals for said plurality of IF input signals to produce a plurality of IF output signals in said beamformer unit;

wherein each of said output signals is associated with a data channel and an element of an antenna array.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein said multiplying comprises multiplying each in-phase and quadrature signal by a different weight coefficient vector.

36. The method of claim 35, further comprising configuring said beamformer unit according to the number of input sources and data channels using a processing module within a controller of said beamformer unit.

37. The method of claim 36, further comprising implementing in software each of said weight coefficient vectors using a programmable processor in processing module.

38. The method of claim 37, further comprising modifying each said weight coefficient vector in real-time using said programmable processor.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein said modifying comprises modifying said weight coefficient vector to correct the effects of spectral inversion.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein said digital beamforming in the IF domain is performed in the uplink or downlink direction of a wireless network.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein said shifting comprises shifting each of the IF signals in amplitude and phase by 90-degrees.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein said separator, generator, shifter, multiplier and summer are implemented in software in said beamformer unit.

43. A computer-readable medium encoded with processing instructions, that when executed by a computer or processor, cause the computer or processor to process signals for implementing digital beamforming in the intermediate frequency (IF) domain, comprising functions of:

receiving a plurality of IF input signals from a plurality of input sources;

separating each of said input signals into a plurality of IF signal pairs;

generating an in-phase and quadrature signal for each of said IF signal pairs;

shifting each of said IF input signals in amplitude and phase;

multiplying each in-phase and quadrature signal for said IF input signals with a predetermined weight coefficient vector; and

summing the weighted in-phase and quadrature signals for said IF input signals to produce a plurality of IF output signals, wherein each of said output signals is associated with a data channel and an element of an antenna array.

44. The computer-readable medium of claim 43, wherein said processing instructions encoded on the computer-readable medium for multiplying comprise instructions for multiplying each in-phase and quadrature signal for said IF input signals by a different weight coefficient vector.

45. The computer-readable medium of claim 44, and further comprising processing instructions encoded on the computer-readable medium for configuring processing of signals according to the number IF input sources and data channels.

46. The computer-readable medium of claim 45, and further comprising processing instructions encoded on the computer-readable medium for loading and modifying each of said weight coefficient vectors in real-time.

47. The computer-readable medium of claim 46, and further comprising processing instructions encoded on the computer-readable medium for modifying at least one weight coefficient vector to correct the effects of spectral inversion.

48. The computer-readable medium of claim 43, and further comprising processing instructions encoded on the computer-readable medium for performing digital beamforming in the IF domain in the uplink or downlink directions of a wireless network.

49. The computer-readable medium of claim 48, and further comprising processing instructions encoded on the computer-readable medium for shifting each of the IF signals in amplitude and phase by 90-degrees.

50. A method for digital beamforming in the IF domain, comprising:

receiving N plurality of IF input signals from a plurality of modems, each of the N plurality of IF input signals to be transmitted to a corresponding one or more of a plurality of remote terminals via M plurality of antenna elements;

generating an in-phase (I) and a quadrature (Q) IF transmit signal for each of said N plurality of IF input signals;

for each antenna element i=1 to M, multiplying the I and Q IF transmit signals for each of said N plurality of IF input signals by corresponding weight coefficients W_ijI, W_ijQ for j=1 to N. to produce N plurality of weighted I and Q IF transmit signals for each of said M plurality of antenna elements; and

summing together the N weighted I and Q IF transmit signals for each of said M plurality of antenna to produce M plurality of IF output signals, each of the plurality of IF output signals for upconversion and transmission via a corresponding one of the M plurality of antenna elements.

51. The method of claim 50, and further comprising:

producing M plurality of IF receive signals derived from a signal transmitted from any one or more of the plurality of remote terminals and received at the M plurality of antenna elements;

generating I and Q IF receive signals for each of said M plurality of IF receive signals;

multiplying the I and Q IF receive signals for each of said M plurality of IF receive signals by corresponding weight coefficients W_ijI,–

W_ijQ for i=1 to M to produce M plurality of weighted I and Q IF receive signals; and

summing together the M weighted I and Q IF receive signals to produce IF receive signals for each of a corresponding one or more of the N plurality of modems.

52. The method of claim 50, and further comprising modifying said weight coefficients W_ijI, W_ijQ for i=1 to M and j=1 to N, in real-time as needed.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein modifying comprises modifying said weight coefficients to correct for effects of spectral inversion.

54. The method of claim 50, wherein the weight coefficients W_ijI, W_ijQ for i=1 to M and j=1 to N are distinct and relate to a position of each of the M antenna elements and a direction of a transmission, and a beam width or desired azimuthal coverage.

55. A method for digital beamforming in the IF domain, comprising:

producing M plurality of IF receive signals derived from a signal transmitted from any one or more of a plurality of remote terminals and received at M plurality of antenna elements;

generating in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) IF receive signals for each of said M plurality of IF receive signals;

multiplying the I and Q IF receive signals for each of said M plurality of IF receive signals by corresponding weight coefficients W_ijI,–

W_ijQ for i=1 to M to produce M plurality of weighted I and Q IF receive signals; and

summing together the M weighted I and Q IF receive signals to produce IF receive signals for each of a corresponding one or more of the N plurality of modems.

56. The method of claim 55, and further comprising:

receiving N plurality of IF input signals from the plurality of modems, each of the N plurality of IF input signals to be transmitted to a corresponding one or more of the plurality of remote terminals via M plurality of antenna elements;

generating I and Q IF transmit signals for each of said N plurality of IF input signals;

for each antenna element i=1 to M, multiplying the I and Q IF transmit signals for each of said N plurality of IF input signals by corresponding weight coefficients W_ijI, W_ijQ for j=1 to N to produce N plurality of weighted I and Q IF transmit signals for each of said M plurality of antenna elements; and

summing together the N weighted I and Q IF transmit signals for each of said M plurality of antenna to produce M plurality of IF output signals, each of the plurality of IF output signals for upconversion and transmission by a corresponding one of the M plurality of antenna elements.

57. A computer-readable medium encoded with instructions, that when executed by a computer or processor, cause the computer or processor to process N plurality of intermediate frequency (IF) input signals from a plurality of modems, each of the N plurality of IF input signals to be beamformed and transmitted to a corresponding one of a remote terminals via M plurality of antenna elements, and to process M plurality of IF receive signals derived from a signal transmitted from any one or more of the plurality of remote terminals and received at the M plurality of antenna elements, wherein the instructions cause the computer or processor to perform functions of:

in a transmit direction, generating an in-phase (I) and a quadrature (Q) IF transmit signal for each of said N plurality of IF input signals;

for each antenna element i=1 to M, multiplying the I and Q IF transmit signals for each of said N plurality of IF input signals by corresponding weight coefficients W_ijI, W_ijQ for j=1 to N to produce N plurality of weighted I and Q IF transmit signals for each of said M plurality of antenna elements; and

summing together the N weighted I and Q IF transmit signals for each of said M plurality of antenna to produce M plurality of IF output signals, each of the plurality of IF output signals for upconversion and transmission via a corresponding one of the M plurality of antenna elements; and

in a receive direction, generating I and Q IF receive signals for each of said M plurality of IF receive signals;

multiplying the I and Q IF receive signals for each of said M plurality of IF receive signals by corresponding weight coefficients W_ijI,–

W_ijQ for i=1 to M to produce M plurality of weighted I and Q IF receive signals; and

summing together the M weighted I and Q IF receive signals to produce IF receive signals for each of a corresponding one more of the N plurality of modems.

58. The computer-readable medium of claim 57, and further comprising instructions encoded on the medium for modifying said weight coefficients W_ijI, W_ijQ for i=1 to M and j=1 to N, in real-time as needed.

59. The computer-readable medium of claim 58, wherein said instructions for modifying comprises instructions for modifying said weight coefficients to correct for effects of spectral inversion.

60. The computer-readable medium of claim 57, wherein and further comprising instructions for generating said weight coefficients W_ijI, W_ijQ for i=1 to M and j=1 to N, that are distinct and relate to a position of each of the M antenna elements and a direction of a transmission, and a beam width or desired azimuthal coverage.