Tag interrogation with observable response signal

• US 7,109,865 B2
• Filed: 09/26/2002
• Issued: 09/19/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 09/26/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Lippman, Andrew Benjamin, Ma, Hongshen, Paradiso, Joseph A.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, HUNG T
• Application Number:
  US10/255,557
• Publication Number:
  US 20040061612A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,454 Days
• Field of Search: 340/572.1, 340/571, 340/572.3, 340/531, 340/539, 340/568.1, 340/825.35, 340/573.1, 340/825.49, 340/825.54, 340/572.8, 340/573.4, 340/539.1, 340/539.13, 340/825.69, 340/825.72, 340/572.4
• US Class Current: 340/572.1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10079 the collision being resolved in the spatial domain, e.g. temporary shields for blindfolding the interrogator in specific directions

Abstract

An identification tag identifies a unique item from among a plurality of items with a similar appearance. Tagged items are searched by scanning the items with an interrogation signal. The tag emits an observable signal to indicate when it receives an identification that matches the identification contained in the tag. When the reader'"'"'s interrogation is not present, the tag either sleeps at a very low power level or is passively unpowered.

Claims

1. A method of discriminating among similar items, the method comprising the steps of:

a. associating each of the items with a device responsive to an optical signal encoding information specific to the item, wherein each of the devices responds to a differently modulated optical signal; and

b. exposing the items to a modulated optical signal encoding information corresponding to a selected one of the items, the exposure causing the device associated with the item, but not the devices associated with other items, to cause impartation of an observable signal.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the optical signal is modulated by an AM frequency, each of the devices responding to modulation by a different AM frequency.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the observable signal is a light signal.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein, upon exposure to the optical signal, the device emits the observable signal.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein, upon exposure to the optical signal, the device causes the observable signal to be emitted by the selected item.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the observable signal is emitted by an external source and is blocked from observation by all items except, upon exposure, the selected item.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the observable signal is a directly observable signal.

8. A method of discriminating among similar items, the method comprising the steps of:

a. associating each of the items with a device responsive to a signal encoding information specific to the item, wherein the device comprises a processor that is maintained in a low-power shutdown mode until the signal is detected; and

b. exposing the items to a signal encoding information corresponding to a selected one of the items, the exposure causing the device associated with the item, but not the devices associated with other items, to cause impartation of an observable signal.

9. An identification system, the system comprising:

a transmitter for transmitting at least one optical signal comprising an encoded identification associated with a selected tag, wherein each tag responds to a differently modulated optical signal;

a plurality of tags each containing a tag identification uniquely identifying the tag, each tag being responsive to an optical signal whose encoded identification matches the tag identification; and

associated with each of the tags, a transducer for imparting an observable signal upon response of the tag to the optical signal.

10. The identification system of claim 9 wherein the tag further comprises a transducer for emitting a different signal if the transmitted identification does not match the tag identification.

11. The identification system of claim 9 wherein the transmitter is integrated within a wireless handheld device.

12. The identification system of claim 11 wherein the handheld device is a personal digital assistant.

13. The identification system of claim 9 wherein the observable signal is directly observable in the vicinity of the tag.

14. The identification system as claimed in claim 9 wherein the transmitted identification is incorporated in a light beam by modulation thereof.

15. The identification system of claim 14 wherein the light beam is modulated by an AM frequency, each of the tags responding to modulation by a different AM frequency.

16. The identification system of claim 9 wherein the observable signal is a light signal.

17. The identification system of claim 9 wherein, upon exposure to the optical signal, the tag emits the observable signal.

18. The identification system of claim 9 wherein, upon exposure to the optical signal, the tag causes the observable signal to be emitted by an item.

19. The identification system of claim 18 wherein the item is an electronic storage medium.

20. The identification system of claim 9 wherein the tag comprises a power source that supplies an operating current for the tag.

21. The identification system of claim 20 wherein the tag operates in a sleep mode when not processing the optical signal.

22. The identification system of claim 21 wherein the power source supplies an operating current less than or equal to 500 nanoamps when the tag is in the sleep mode.

23. The identification system of claim 9 wherein the observable signal is audible.

24. The identification system of claim 9 wherein the observable signal is visible.

25. An identification system, the system comprising:

a transmitter for transmitting at least one signal comprising an encoded identification associated with a selected tag;

a plurality of tags each containing a tag identification uniquely identifying the tag, each tag being responsive to a signal whose encoded identification matches the tag identification and wherein the tags are maintained in a low-power shutdown mode until the signal is detected; and

associated with each of the tags, a transducer for imparting an observable signal upon response of the tag to the signal.

26. An identification tag that identifies a unique object having a generic appearance, the tag comprising:

a receiver for receiving a modulated optical signal encoding an object identification;

a memory for storing a tag identification uniquely identifying the tag; and

a device for emitting an observable signal in response to the optical signal when the received object identification matches the stored tag identification, wherein the object identification uniquely identifies the object from among a plurality of objects having a similar appearance.

27. The identification tag of claim 26 further comprising a power source that supplies an operating current for the tag.

28. The identification tag of claim 26 wherein the observable signal is audible.

29. The identification tag of claim 26 wherein the observable signal is visible.

32. The identification tag of claim 26 wherein the tag is configured for integration within a media item, the memory receiving the tag identification when information is transferred to the media item.

33. The identification tag of claim 32 wherein the tag identification is read when data is transferred to the media item.

30. An identification tag that identifies a unique object having a generic appearance, the tag comprising:

a receiver for receiving a signal encoding a unique object identification;

a memory for storing a tag identification uniquely identifying the tag;

a power source that supplies an operating current for the tag;

circuitry that causes the tag to operate in a sleep mode when not processing the signal; and

a device for emitting an observable signal in response to the signal when the received object identification matches the stored tag identification, wherein the object identification uniquely identifies the object from among a plurality of objects having a similar appearance.

31. The identification tag of claim 30 wherein the power source supplies an operating current less than or equal to 500 nanoamps when the tag is in the sleep mode.