Nonlinear beam forming and beam shaping aperture system

• US 7,109,918 B1
• Filed: 05/23/2003
• Issued: 09/19/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 05/23/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy, Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: York, Robert A., Brown, Edgar A., Fogliatti, David W., DeWeerth, Steve P., Heath, Ted H., In, Visarath, Ditto, William L., Neff, Joseph D., Hasler, Paul, Meadows, Brian K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gregory, Bernarr E.
• Application Number:
  US10/446,287
• Time in Patent Office: 1,215 Days
• Field of Search: 342367-384, 342/424, 342165-175, 342/195, 342/52, 342/59, 342 73- 81, 367 87-106, 367117-129, 367135-138, 367/140, 367/141, 367153-156
• US Class Current: 342/368
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/346 using phase variation
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/36 with variable phase-shifters

Abstract

This invention exploits the synchronization properties of coupled, nonlinear oscillators arrays to perform power combining, beam steering, and beam shaping. This architecture utilizes interactions between nonlinear active elements to generate beam patterns. A nonlinear array integrates the signal processing concurrently with the transduction of the signal. This architecture differs fundamentally from passive transducer arrays in three ways: 1) the unit cells are nonlinear, 2) the array purposely couples the unit cells together, and 3) the signal processing (beam steering and shaping) is done via dynamic interactions between unit cells. The architecture extends to both 1- and 2-dimensional arrays.

Claims

1. A transducer array apparatus comprising:

a plurality of array elements, each of said array elements including a transducer-oscillator pair wherein a transducer is operably coupled to a nonlinear oscillator, said transducer-oscillator pairs contributing to generating a beam pattern for receiving or radiating a signal;

coupling means for interactively connecting said transducer-oscillator pairs, wherein said coupling means is characterized by a coupling strength factor, a coupling phase, and by a coupling topology;

wherein each said nonlinear oscillator is characterized by an oscillator frequency and by an oscillator amplitude,

means for adjusting said oscillator frequencies so that said beam pattern is steerable in direction; and

means for adjusting said oscillator amplitudes so that said beam pattern is adjustable in amplitude.

2. The transducer array apparatus of claim 1 wherein said transducer-oscillator pairs are disposed as a side-by-side, one-dimensional row of array elements.

3. The transducer array apparatus of claim 1 wherein said non-linear oscillator includes a resistor-inductor-capacitor network operably coupled to a nonlinear conductance element.

4. The transducer array apparatus of claim 1 wherein said coupling topology is one of the group of nearest-neighbor, next-nearest neighbor, global, random and small world networks.

5. The transducer array apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for adjusting said oscillator amplitudes includes determining weights for application to said oscillator amplitudes, said weights determined through one of the following weighting processes:

Villeneuve, cosine-on-a-pedestal, Dolph-Chebychev and Taylor.

6. The transducer array apparatus of claim 1 wherein said nonlinear oscillator exhibits limit cycle oscillation behavior.

7. A transducer array method comprising:

providing a plurality of array elements, each of said array elements including a transducer-oscillator pair wherein a transducer is operably coupled to a nonlinear oscillator, said transducer-oscillator pairs contributing to generating a beam pattern for receiving or radiating a signal;

interactively connecting said transducer-oscillator pairs, wherein said connecting is characterized by a coupling strength factor, a coupling phase, and by a coupling topology;

wherein each said nonlinear oscillator is characterized by an oscillator frequency and by an oscillator amplitude,

adjusting said oscillator frequencies so that said beam pattern is steerable in direction; and

adjusting said oscillator amplitudes so that said beam pattern is adjustable in amplitude.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said step of connecting includes selecting said coupling topology from the group of nearest-neighbor, next-nearest neighbor, global, random and small world networks.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein said step of adjusting said oscillator amplitudes includes applying a weighting process to said amplitudes.

10. The method of claim above 9 wherein said weighting process is one of the following weighting processes:

Villeneuve, cosine-on-a-pedestal, Dolph-Chebychev and Taylor.