Cancellation of interference in a communication system with application to S-CDMA

• US 7,110,434 B2
• Filed: 05/08/2002
• Issued: 09/19/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 08/31/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Yousef, Nabil R., Kolze, Thomas J., Currivan, Bruce J., Ungerboeck, Gottfried
• Primary Examiner(s): VO, DON NGUYEN
• Application Number:
  US10/142,189
• Publication Number:
  US 20030185174A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,595 Days
• Field of Search: 375/144, 375/145, 375/148, 375/149, 370/320, 370/335, 370/342, 370/441
• US Class Current: 375/144
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/71 the interference being narrowband interference
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7102 with transform to frequency domain
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7105 Joint detection techniques, e.g. linear detectors
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7107 Subtractive interference cancellation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/216 Code division or spread-spectrum multiple access [CDMA, SSMA]
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/0003 Code application, i.e. aspects relating to how codes are applied to form multiplexed channels
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/16 Code allocation

Abstract

A relatively straight-forward implemented, and computationally efficient approach of selecting a predetermined number of unused codes is used to perform weighted linear combination selectively with each of the input spread signals in a multiple access communication system. If desired, the predetermined number of unused codes is always the same in each implementation. Alternatively, the predetermined number of unused codes are selected from within a reordered code matrix using knowledge that is shared between the two ends of a communication system, such as between the CMs and a CMTS. While the context of an S-CDMA communication system having CMs and a CMTS is used, the solution is generally applicable to any communication system that seeks to cancel narrowband interference. Several embodiments are also described that show the generic applicability of the solution across a wide variety of systems.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

a transmitter that produces a spread signal that includes a numerically constant-valued symbol spread across a first plurality of codes and data spread across a second plurality of codes and transmits the spread signal across a communication link;

a receiver that receives the spread signal after being transmitted across the communication link, the spread signal comprising interference, the receiver includes;

a vector de-spreader that employs the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes to de-spread the spread signal;

a weight computation functional block that calculates a plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

a linear combiner that scales the de-spread signal portions, that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes, using the plurality of complex-valued combining weights and combines the scaled, de-spread signal portions that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes and one signal portion that is de-spread using one code selected from the second plurality of codes to perform interference cancellation on at least one additional signal portion that is de-spread from the spread signal.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes;

and

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes.

3. The apparatus communication system of claim 2, wherein the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes include a total number of 128 codes;

the first plurality of codes includes at least 8 codes and no more than 32 codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a remaining plurality of codes within the total number of 128 codes not included within the first plurality of codes; and

the apparatus is DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) 2.0 S-CDMA (Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) compliant.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the weight computation functional block calculates the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using both signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the first plurality of codes and signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the second plurality of codes.

5. The apparatus communication system of claim 1, wherein the weight computation functional block calculates the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using codes that are adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes.

6. The apparatus communication system of claim 5, wherein the adjacent codes include two codes immediately adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the weight computation functional block calculates the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using at least one of signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the first plurality of codes and signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the second plurality of codes that bear predetermined symbols.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the weight computation functional block employs at least one of least means square processing and least square processing to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiver is operable to demodulate the spread signal using at least one of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 16 QAM, 32 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM, 516 QAM, and 1024 QAM.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is at least one of a multi-channel headend physical layer burst receiver, a single chip wireless modem, a single chip DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)/EuroDOCSIS cable modem, a base station receiver, a mobile receiver, a satellite earth station, a tower receiver, a high definition television set top box receiver, and a transceiver.

11. An apparatus, comprising:

a vector de-spreader that employs a first plurality of codes and a second plurality of codes to de-spread a spread signal, the spread signal includes interference;

a weight computation functional block that calculates a plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

a linear combiner that scales the de-spread signal portions, that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes, using the plurality of complex-valued combining weights and combines the scaled, de-spread signal portions that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes and one signal portion that is de-spread using one code selected from the second plurality of codes to perform interference cancellation on at least one additional signal portion that is de-spread from the spread signal.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes;

and

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes include a total number of 128 codes;

the first plurality of codes includes at least 8 codes and no more than 32 codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a remaining plurality of codes within the total number of 128 codes not included within the first plurality of codes; and

the apparatus is DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) 2.0 S-CDMA (Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) compliant.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the weight computation functional block calculates the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using both signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the first plurality of codes and signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the second plurality of codes.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the weight computation functional block calculates the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using codes that are adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the adjacent codes include two codes immediately adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes.

17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the weight computation functional block calculates the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using at least one of signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the first plurality of codes and signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the second plurality of codes that bear predetermined symbols.

18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the weight computation functional block employs at least one of least means square processing and least square processing to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights.

19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus includes a communication receiver that is operable to demodulate the spread signal using at least one of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 16 QAM, 32 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM, 516 QAM, and 1024 QAM.

20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus is at least one of a multi-channel headend physical layer burst receiver, a single chip wireless modem, a single chip DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)/EuroDOCSIS cable modem, a base station receiver, a mobile receiver, a satellite earth station, a tower receiver, a high definition television set top box receiver, and a transceiver.

21. An apparatus, comprising:

a vector de-spreader that employs a first plurality of codes and a second plurality of codes to de-spread a spread signal;

a weight computation functional block that calculates a plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and interference contained within the spread signal;

a linear combiner that scales the de-spread signal portions, that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes, using the plurality of complex-valued combining weights and selectively sums the scaled, de-spread signal portions that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes and one signal portion that is de-spread using one code selected from the second plurality of codes to perform interference cancellation on at least one additional signal portion that is de-spread from the spread signal; and

an iterative adaptive weight functional block that is operable to perform error calculation of a hard decision corresponding to the at least one signal portion of the spread signal; and

wherein the iterative adaptive weight functional block updates the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the calculated error.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the iterative adaptive weight functional block performs least means square error processing to calculate the error that is used to update the plurality of complex-valued combining weights.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes;

and

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes.

24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the apparatus includes a communication receiver that is operable to demodulate the signal using at least one of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 16 QAM, 32 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM, 516 QAM, and 1024 QAM.

25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the apparatus is at least one of a multi-channel headend physical layer burst receiver, a single chip wireless modem, a single chip DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)/EuroDOCSIS cable modem, a base station receiver, a mobile receiver, a satellite earth station, a tower receiver, a high definition television set top box receiver, and a transceiver.

26. An apparatus, comprising:

a transmitter that is operable to produce a spread signal that includes a first symbol spread across a first plurality of codes and a second symbol spread across a second plurality of codes and that is operable to transmit the spread signal across a communication link;

wherein the first symbol has a first modulation type and the second symbol has a second modulation type such that the first modulation type is of a lower-order modulation type than the second modulation type;

a receiver that is operable to receive the spread signal after being transmitted across the communication link, the spread signal received at the receiver including interference, the receiver comprising;

a vector de-spreader that is operable to employ the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes to de-spread the spread signal; and

a linear combiner that is operable to scale the de-spread signal portions, that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes, using a plurality of complex-valued combining weights and that is operable to combine the scaled, de-spread signal portions that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes and one signal portion that is de-spread using one code selected from the second plurality of codes to perform interference cancellation on at least one additional signal portion that is de-spread from the spread signal.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes; and

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes.

28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes;

the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes include a total number of 128 codes;

the first plurality of codes includes at least 8 codes and no more than 32 codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a remaining plurality of codes within the total number of 128 codes not included within the first plurality of codes; and

the apparatus is a DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) 2.0 S-CDMA (Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) compliant.

29. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using both signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the first plurality of codes and signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the second plurality of codes.

30. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using codes that are adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes.

31. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal;

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using codes that are adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes; and

wherein the adjacent codes include two codes immediately adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes.

32. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using at least one of signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the first plurality of codes and signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the second plurality of codes that bear predetermined symbols.

33. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to employ at least one of least means square processing and least square processing to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights.

34. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the receiver is operable to demodulate the spread signal using at least one of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 16 QAM, 32 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM, 516 QAM, and 1024 QAM.

35. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the receiver is at least one of a multi-channel headend physical layer burst receiver, a single chip wireless modem, a single chip DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)/EuroDOCSIS cable modem, a base station receiver, a mobile receiver, a satellite earth station, a tower receiver, a high definition television set top box receiver, and a transceiver.

36. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the receiver is operable to select the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes; and

the receiver is operable to provide this selection information to the transmitter via the communication link.

37. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the first plurality of codes a plurality of unused codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes;

the receiver is operable to grant null grants to the transmitter; and

the transmitter is operable to employ the null grants as the plurality of unused codes.

38. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the receiver is operable to grant the transmitter a grant period that is longer than the transmitter requires to transmit the data symbol; and

the transmitter is operable to select the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes by zero-padding the data symbol.

39. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the plurality of complex-valued combining weights is a plurality of pre-computed complex-valued combining weights;

the receiver includes a memory from which the plurality of pre-computed complex-valued combining weights is retrieved; and

a linear combiner that is operable to scale the de-spread signal portions, that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes, using the plurality of complex-valued combining weights and is operable to combine the scaled, de-spread signal portions that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes and one signal portion that is de-spread using one code selected from the second plurality of codes to perform interference cancellation on at least one additional signal portion that is de-spread from the spread signal.

40. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the first symbol is a preamble symbol; and

the second symbol is a data symbol.

41. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal.

42. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the interference is substantially colored; and

the interference cancellation involves performing adjacent channel interference (ACI) cancellation.

43. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes form a plurality of available codes;

the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes; and

the plurality of unused codes includes at least one of a plurality of adjacent codes and a plurality of maximally spaced apart codes within the plurality of available codes.

44. An apparatus, comprising:

a transmitter that is operable to produce a spread signal that includes a first symbol spread across a first plurality of codes and a second symbol spread across a second plurality of codes and that is operable to transmit the spread signal across a communication link;

wherein the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes are arranged into a code matrix;

wherein, within the transmitter, the code matrix is reordered from its original order to a modified order according to a predetermined reordering pattern before the predetermined symbol is spread across a first plurality of codes and the data symbol is spread across a second plurality of codes;

a receiver, communicatively coupled to the transmitter via the communication link, that receives the spread signal after being transmitted across the communication link, the spread signal comprising interference, the receiver comprising;

a vector de-spreader that is operable to employ the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes to de-spread the spread signal;

wherein, within the receiver, the code matrix is reverse reordered from its modified order to the original order according to the predetermined reordering pattern before the vector de-spreader employs the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes to de-spread the spread signal; and

a linear combiner that is operable to scale the de-spread signal portions, that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes, using the plurality of complex-valued combining weights and that is operable to combine the scaled, de-spread signal portions that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes and one signal portion that is de-spread using one code selected from the second plurality of codes to perform interference cancellation on at least one additional signal portion that is de-spread from the spread signal.

45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes; and

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes.

46. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes;

the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes include a total number of 128 codes;

the first plurality of codes includes at least 8 codes and no more than 32 codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a remaining plurality of codes within the total number of 128 codes not included within the first plurality of codes; and

the apparatus is DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) 2.0 S-CDMA (Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) compliant.

47. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using both signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the first plurality of codes and signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the second plurality of codes.

48. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using codes that are adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes.

49. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal;

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using codes that are adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes; and

wherein the adjacent codes include two codes immediately adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes.

50. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using signal portions from at least one of signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the first plurality of codes and the signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using second plurality of codes that bear predetermined symbols.

51. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to employ at least one of least means square processing and least square processing to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights.

52. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the receiver is operable to demodulate the spread signal using at least one of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 16 QAM, 32 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM, 516 QAM, and 1024 QAM.

53. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the receiver is at least one of a multi-channel headend physical layer burst receiver, a single chip wireless modem, a single chip DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)/EuroDOCSIS cable modem, a base station receiver, a mobile receiver, a satellite earth station, a tower receiver, a high definition television set top box receiver, and a transceiver.

54. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the receiver is operable to select the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes; and

the receiver is operable to provide this selection information to the transmitter via the communication link.

55. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes;

the receiver is operable to grant null grants to the transmitter; and

the transmitter is operable to employ the null grants as the plurality of unused codes.

56. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the receiver is operable to grant the transmitter a grant period that is longer than the transmitter requires to transmit the data symbol; and

the transmitter is operable to select the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes by zero-padding the data symbol.

57. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the plurality of complex-valued combining weights is a plurality of pre-computed complex-valued combining weights;

the receiver includes a memory from which the plurality of pre-computed complex-valued combining weights is retrieved; and

the linear combiner is operable to scale the de-spread signal portions, that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes, using the plurality of complex-valued combining weights and is operable to combine the scaled, de-spread signal portions that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes and one signal portion that is de-spread using one code selected from the second plurality of codes to perform interference cancellation on at least one additional signal portion that is de-spread from the spread signal.

58. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the first symbol is a preamble symbol; and

the second symbol is a data symbol.

59. The apparatus of claim 44, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal.

60. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the interference is substantially colored; and

the interference cancellation involves performing adjacent channel interference (ACI) cancellation.

61. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein:

the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes form a plurality of available codes;

the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes; and

the plurality of unused codes includes at least one of a plurality of adjacent codes and a plurality of maximally spaced apart codes within the plurality of available codes.

62. An apparatus, comprising:

a vector de-spreader that is operable to employ a first plurality of codes and a second plurality of codes to de-spread a spread signal that includes a first symbol that has been spread across the first plurality of codes and a second symbol that has been spread across the second plurality of codes;

a memory that includes a plurality of pre-computed complex-valued combining weights; and

a linear combiner that is operable to scale the de-spread signal portions, that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes;

using the plurality of pre-computed complex-valued combining weights and that is operable to combine the scaled, de-spread signal portions that are de-spread using the first plurality of codes and one signal portion that is de-spread using one code selected from the second plurality of codes to perform interference cancellation on at least one additional signal portion that is de-spread from the spread signal.

63. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the communication receiver is communicatively coupled to a communication transmitter via a communication link; and

the communication transmitter is operable to produce the spread signal that includes the first symbol spread across the first plurality of codes and the second symbol spread across the second plurality of codes and is operable to transmit the spread signal across the communication link.

64. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the first symbol has a first modulation type and the second symbol has a second modulation type such that the first modulation type is of a lower-order modulation type than the second modulation type.

65. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate a plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the linear combiner is operable to scale the de-spread first plurality of codes using the plurality of complex-valued combining weights and is operable to combine the scaled first plurality of codes and one code selected from the second plurality of codes to perform interference cancellation on at least one code that is from the spread signal.

66. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to modify the plurality of pre-computed complex-valued combining weights based on the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the linear combiner is operable to scale the first plurality of codes using the modified plurality of pre-computed complex-valued combining weights and is operable to combine the scaled first plurality of codes and one code selected from the second plurality of codes to perform interference cancellation on at least one code that is from the spread signal.

67. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes; and

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes.

68. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes;

the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes include a total number of 128 codes;

the first plurality of codes includes at least 8 codes and no more than 32 codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a remaining plurality of codes within the total number of 128 codes not included within the first plurality of codes; and

the apparatus is DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) 2.0 S-CDMA (Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) compliant.

69. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate a plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using both signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the first plurality of codes and signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the second plurality of codes.

70. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate a plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using codes that are adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes.

71. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate a plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal;

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using codes that are adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes; and

wherein the adjacent codes include two codes immediately adjacent to the one code selected from the second plurality of codes.

72. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate a plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using codes from at least one of signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the first plurality of codes and signal portions that are de-spread from the spread signal using the second plurality of codes that bear predetermined symbols.

73. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate a plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal; and

wherein the weight computation functional block is operable to employ at least one of least means square processing and least square processing to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights.

74. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the apparatus includes a receiver that is operable to demodulate the spread signal using at least one of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 16 QAM, 32 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, 256 QAM, 516 QAM, and 1024 QAM.

75. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the apparatus is at least one of a multi-channel headend physical layer burst receiver, a single chip wireless modem, a single chip DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)/EuroDOCSIS cable modem, a base station receiver, a mobile receiver, a satellite earth station, a tower receiver, a high definition television set top box receiver, and a transceiver.

76. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the receiver is operable to select the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes; and

the receiver is operable to provide this selection information to the transmitter via the communication link.

77. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the first plurality of codes includes a plurality of unused codes;

the second plurality of codes includes a plurality of used codes;

the receiver is operable to grant null grants to the transmitter; and

the transmitter is operable to employ the null grants as the plurality of unused codes.

78. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the receiver is operable to grant the transmitter a grant period that is longer than the transmitter requires to transmit the data symbol; and

the transmitter is operable to select the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes by zero-padding the data symbol.

79. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the first symbol is a preamble symbol; and

the second symbol is a data symbol.

80. The apparatus of claim 62, further comprising:

a weight computation functional block that is operable to calculate the plurality of complex-valued combining weights using the spread signal and the interference of the spread signal.

81. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the interference is substantially colored; and

the interference cancellation involves performing adjacent channel interference (ACI) cancellation.

82. The apparatus of claim 62, wherein:

the first plurality of codes and the second plurality of codes form a plurality of available codes;

the first plurality of codes comprises a plurality of unused codes;

the second plurality of codes comprises a plurality of used codes; and

the plurality of unused codes includes at least one of a plurality of adjacent codes and a plurality of maximally spaced apart codes within the plurality of available codes.