Switching-mode power supply having a synchronous rectifier

• US 7,120,036 B2
• Filed: 03/28/2006
• Issued: 10/10/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Sanken Electric Company Limited
• Original Assignee: Sanken Electric Company Limited
• Inventors: Kyono, Yoichi
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US11/392,441
• Publication Number:
  US 20060171180A1
• Time in Patent Office: 196 Days
• Field of Search: 363/21.04, 363/21.05, 363/21.06, 363/21.12, 363/21.13, 363/21.14, 363/84, 363/89, 363/125, 363/127
• US Class Current: 363/21.06
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33592 having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A DC-to-DC converter incorporates a transformer having a primary winding connected to a pair of DC input terminals via an active switch, which turns on and off under the control of a feedback circuit, and a secondary winding connected to a pair of DC output terminals via a synchronous rectifier and a smoothing capacitor. The synchronous rectifier is a parallel connection of a synchronous rectifier switch and a diode. A synchronous rectifier control circuit is connected to the synchronous rectifier switch for causing conduction therethrough while the active switch is off. The synchronous rectifier control circuit comprises a capacitor for determination of the conducting periods of the synchronous rectifier switch, and a logic network for on/off control of the synchronous rectifier switch according to whether the active switch is on or off and whether the capacitor voltage is higher than a predefined threshold or not.

Claims

1. A switching-mode power supply for DC-to-DC conversion, comprising:

(a) DC input means for inputting a DC voltage;

(b) DC output means for outputting a DC voltage;

(c) a converter circuit connected between the DC input means and the DC output means, the converter circuit including an active switch for switching the input DC voltage on and off;

(d) a switch control circuit connected to the active switch of the converter circuit for on/off control thereof;

(e) a synchronous rectifier switch connected between the converter circuit and the DC output means;

(f) a diode connected in parallel with the synchronous rectifier switch;

(g) conduction period detect means for providing a conduction period detect signal indicative of periods of time during which the active switch is held conductive by the switch control circuit;

(h) a capacitor for determination of conducting periods of the synchronous rectifier switch;

(i) a charge/discharge circuit connected to the converter circuit and the capacitor for causing the latter to be charged and discharged according to whether the active switch is conductive or nonconductive; and

(j) a logic network having an input connected to the conduction period detect means, another input connected to the capacitor, and an output connected to the synchronous rectifier switch, for making on/off control of the synchronous rectifier switch according to whether the active switch is conducting or nonconducting and whether the voltage across the capacitor is higher than a predefined voltage or not.

2. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein the conduction period detect means is adapted to provide a binary conduction period detect signal indicative of whether the active switch is conductive or nonconductive.

3. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein the conduction period detect means comprises means for detecting a voltage indicative of whether the active switch is conductive or nonconductive.

4. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein the charge-discharge circuit is adapted to cause the capacitor to be charged during the conducting periods of the active switch and to discharge during the nonconducting periods of the active switch.

5. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein the charge-discharge circuit comprises a resistor connected between one terminal of the synchronous rectifier switch and one terminal of the capacitor, the capacitor having another terminal connected to another terminal of the synchronous rectifier switch.

6. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 5, wherein the charge-discharge circuit comprises a second resistor connected in parallel with the capacitor.

7. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 6, wherein the charge-discharge circuit comprises a diode connected in series with the first recited resistor.

8. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1 wherein the charge-discharge circuit comprises:

(a) charge circuit means comprising a first diode and a first resistor which are serially interconnected between one terminal of the synchronous rectifier switch and one terminal of the capacitor, the capacitor having another terminal connected to another terminal of the synchronous rectifier switch; and

(b) discharge circuit means comprising a second diode and a second resistor which are serially interconnected between said one terminal of the capacitor and said one terminal of the synchronous rectifier switch.

9. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein the DC input means comprises a pair of DC input terminals, wherein the converter circuit comprises an inductor, wherein the active switch has a first main electrode connected to one of the DC input terminals via the inductor, a second main electrode connected to the another of the DC input terminals and a control electrode connected to the switch control circuit, wherein the conduction period detect means comprises a conduction period detect conductor connected to the switch control circuit for detecting a switch control signal being thereby applied to the active switch for on/off control thereof, wherein the charge/discharge circuit comprises a charge circuit having a rectifying diode and a resistor which are interconnected in series between the conduction period detect conductor and one terminal of the capacitor, wherein the charge/discharge circuit further comprises a discharge circuit connected in parallel with the capacitor, and wherein the capacitor has another terminal connected to the second main electrode of the active switch.

10. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein the DC input means comprises a pair of DC input terminals, wherein the converter circuit comprises an inductor, wherein the active switch has a first main electrode connected to one of the DC input terminals via the inductor, a second main electrode connected to the another of the DC input terminals and a control electrode connected to the switch control circuit, wherein the conduction period detect means comprises a conduction period detect conductor connected to the switch control circuit for detecting a switch control signal being thereby applied to the active switch for on/off control thereof, wherein the charge/discharge circuit comprises a charge circuit having a first rectifying diode and a resistor which are interconnected in series between the first main electrode of the active switch and the capacitor, and wherein the charge/discharge circuit further comprises a discharge circuit having a second rectifying diode and a resistor which are interconnected in series between the capacitor and the first main electrode of the active switch.

11. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, further comprising isolation means connected between the logic network and the synchronous rectifier switch.

12. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein the logic network comprises:

(a) first logic circuit means having an input connected to the capacitor for providing a binary capacitor voltage signal indicative of results of comparison of the voltage across the same with the predefined voltage; and

(b) second logic circuit means having an input connected to the conduction period detect means for inputting the conduction period detect signal, another input connected to the first logic circuit means for inputting the capacitor voltage signal, and an output connected to the synchronous rectifier switch, for causing conduction through the synchronous rectifier switch when the capacitor voltage is higher than the predefined voltage and at the same time when the active switch is nonconducting.

13. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 12, wherein the first logic circuit means comprises a NOT circuit having a threshold value.

14. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 12, wherein the first logic circuit means comprises a NOR circuit having two inputs both connected to the capacitor.

15. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 12, wherein the first logic circuit means of the logic network comprises a comparator having a first input connected to the capacitor and a second input connected to a reference voltage source.

16. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 12, wherein the second logic circuit means of the logic network comprises a NOR or inverting AND circuit.

17. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein the logic network comprises:

(a) a NOT circuit having an input connected to the conduction period detect means; and

(b) an AND circuit having an input connected to the capacitor, another input connected to the NOT circuit, and an output connected to the synchronous rectifier switch, the AND circuit having a threshold value with which to compare the voltage across the capacitor.

18. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, further comprising a conduction period limiter circuit for limiting the conducting periods of the synchronous rectifier switch, the conduction limiter circuit comprising:

(a) a second capacitor;

(b) a second charge/discharge circuit connected to the second capacitor for causing the same to be charged during the conducting periods of the active switch and to discharge during the nonconducting periods thereof;

(c) a wave-shaping circuit connected to the second capacitor for providing an output indicative of whether a voltage across the second capacitor is higher than a second predefined voltage or not, the second predefined voltage being such that the output from the wave-shaping circuit indicates whether the conducting periods of the active switch is less than a prescribed limit or not; and

(d) compulsory discharge path means connected between the wave-shaping circuit and the first recited capacitor for providing a compulsory discharge path for the first capacitor.

19. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 18, wherein the compulsory discharge path means of the conduction limiter circuit comprises a second diode so oriented as to conduct when the active switch remains conductive longer than the prescribed limit.

20. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 19, wherein the compulsory discharge path means of the conduction limiter circuit further comprises a voltage-regulating diode connected in series with, and oriented opposite to, the second diode.

21. A switching-mode power supply as defined in claim 1, wherein the diode is built into the synchronous rectifier switch.