Millimeter-wave area-protection system and method

• US 7,126,477 B2
• Filed: 01/15/2004
• Issued: 10/24/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 01/15/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Gallivan, James E., Brown, Kenneth W., Brown, Andrew K., Starbuck, Philip D.
• Primary Examiner(s): TRIEU, VAN THANH
• Application Number:
  US10/758,334
• Publication Number:
  US 20050156743A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,013 Days
• Field of Search: 340/541, 340/552, 340/553, 340/554, 340/555, 340/556, 340/565, 340/567, 340/545.3, 342/27, 342/28, 342/175, 343/700.MS, 343/866
• US Class Current: 340/567
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 13/0068 the high-energy beam being of microwave type, e.g. for causing a heating effect in the target
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 15/00 Identifying, scaring or incapacitating burglars, thieves or intruders, e.g. by explosives

Abstract

An area-protection system uses an active-array antenna to generate a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront to deter an intruder within a protected area. One or more reflectors may be positioned within the protected area to help retain energy of the wavefront within the area. The area-protection system may include an intrusion-detection subsystem to detect presence of the intruder within the protected area and to generate a detection signal. The active-array antenna may generate the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront in response to the detection signal. In some embodiments, the intrusion-detection subsystem may detect the presence of a tag worn by the intruder, and may instruct the array antenna to refrain from generating the wavefront when tag is authenticated. In some embodiments, an illuminator may be used detect intruder movement based on return signals. In some embodiments, the array antenna includes semiconductor wafers arranged together on a substantially flat surface.

Claims

1. An area-protection system comprising:

sensors to detect an intruder within a protected area;

an active-array antenna to generate a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront to deter the intruder when detected within the protected area; and

one or more reflectors positioned within the protected area to help retain energy of the wavefront within the area,

wherein the active-array antenna comprises a plurality of semiconductor wafers arrnged together on a substantially flat surface, each semiconductor wafer including a power amplifier and a transmit antenna which together generate the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the one or more reflectors are positioned to increase an energy density of the wavefront in a predetermined location of the protected area.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront generated by the plurality of semiconductor wafers is a coherent wavefront.

4. An area-protection system comprising:

an active-array antenna to generate a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront to deter an intruder within a protected area;

one or more reflectors positioned within the protected area to help retain energy of the wavefront within the area; and

an intrusion-detection subsystem to detect a presence of the intruder within the protected area and generate a detection signal for the active-array antenna,

wherein the active-array antenna is to generate the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront in response to the detection signal, and

wherein the high-power wavefront is to increase a skin temperature of the intruder to deter the intruder.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the intrusion-detection subsystem is to detect the presence of a tag worn by the intruder and is to instruct the active-array antenna to refrain from generating the wavefront when the tag is authenticated.

6. The system of claim 4 wherein the intrusion-detection subsystem includes an illuminator comprising one of an optical illuminator, a LASER illuminator, a sonic illuminator, an ultrasonic illuminator, or an RF/RADAR illuminator to transmit signals and detect intruder movement based on return signals.

7. An area-protection system comprising:

an intrusion-detection subsystem to detect presence of an intruder; and

an intrusion-inhibiting subsystem comprising an active-array antenna to provide a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront in response to the detection of the intruder, the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront to deter the intruder,

wherein the active-array antenna comprises a plurality of semiconductor wafers arranged together on a surface, each semiconductor wafer including a power amplifier and a transmit antenna which together generate the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the intrusion-detection subsystem includes an intruder tracker to track movement of the intruder and to generate a tracking-control signal for the array antenna, and

wherein the intrusion-inhibiting subsystem further comprises a beam director to configure the array antenna to direct the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront toward the intruder to deter the intruder in response to the tracking-control signal.

9. The system of claim 7 wherein the intrusion-detection subsystem includes an illuminator to detect the intruder based on movement, and

wherein the illuminator is an active illuminator comprising one of an optical illuminator, a LASER illuminator, a sonic illuminator, an ultrasonic illuminator, or an RADAR illuminator which transmits signals and detects intruder movement based on return signals.

10. The system of claim 7 wherein the intrusion-detection subsystem comprises a passive detection subsystem comprising one of an infrared (IR) sensor, an optical sensor, a sonic sensor or an ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of the intruder.

11. The system of claim 7 wherein the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront generated by the plurality of semiconductor wafers is a coherent wavefront.

12. The system of claim 7 wherein the active-array antenna is to receive a spatially-fed millimeter-wave lower-power wavefront and is to amplify the lower-power wavefront to generate the high-power wavefront,

wherein each semiconductor wafer further includes a receive antenna to receive millimeter-wave signals of the spatially-fed millimeter-wave lower-power wavefront for subsequent amplification by the power amplifier and transmission by the transmit antenna of an associated semiconductor wafer.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the active-array antenna further comprises a passive reflector to reflect a millimeter-wave frequency signal from a feed and provide the lower-power wavefront for incident on an active reflect-array comprising the plurality of semiconductor wafers,

wherein the plurality of semiconductor wafers is arranged on an at least partially parabolic surface, and

wherein the receive and transmit antennas have orthogonal polarizations.

14. The system of claim 7 wherein the plurality of semiconductor wafers is arranged on a substantially flat surface.

15. An area-protection system comprising:

an intrusion-detection subsystem to detect presence of an intruder; and

an intrusion-inhibiting subsystem comprising one of either an active-array antenna or a passive reflect-array antenna to provide a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront in response to the detection of the intruder to deter the intruder,

wherein the high-power wavefront increases a skin temperature of the intruder, and

wherein the system further comprises a thermal-sensing subsystem to measure the skin temperature and to generate a control signal for the intrusion-inhibiting subsystem to maintain the skin temperature either within a predetermined temperature range or below a predetermined temperature.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein when the system includes the active-array antenna, the active-array antenna to generates a continuous-wave wavefront, and

wherein the intrusion-inhibiting subsystem further comprises a system controller to reduce a transmit power level of the wavefront in response to the control signal from the thermal- sensing subsystem to maintain the skin temperature either within the predetermined temperature range or below the predetermined temperature.

17. The system of claim 16 wherein the system controller reduces one of either a pulse-repetition-rate or a pulse-duration time of the wavefront in response to the control signal to maintain the skin temperature either within the predetermined temperature range or below the predetermined temperature.

18. An area-protection system comprising:

an intrusion-detection subsystem to detect presence of an intruder; and

an intrusion-inhibiting subsystem comprising one of either an active-array antenna or a passive reflect-array antenna to provide a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront in response to the detection of the intruder to deter the intruder,

wherein the intrusion-detection subsystem includes a biometric lock to determine whether the intruder is one or either a biological entity or a non-biological entity, the intrusion-detection subsystem to generate a biological-identification signal when a biological entity is detected,

wherein the intrusion-inhibiting subsystem generates the high-power wavefront in response to the biological-identification signal, and

wherein the intrusion-inhibiting subsystem refrains from generating the high-power wavefront when a non-biological entity is detected.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein the intrusion-detection subsystem further comprises a biometric tracker to further track movement of a detected biological entity and to generate a biological-entity tracking-control signal for the intrusion-inhibiting subsystem, the intrusion-inhibiting subsystem to direct the wavefront toward the biological entity in response to the biological-entity tracking-control signal.

20. An area-protection system comprising:

an intrusion-detection subsystem to detect presence of an intruder; and

an intrusion-inhibiting subsystem comprising a passive reflect-array antenna to provide a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront in response to the detection of the intruder to deter the intruder,

wherein the passive reflect-array antenna comprises a plurality of semiconductor wafers arranged on an at least partially parabolic surface to reflect a spatially-fed incident millimeter-wave signal to generate the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront,

wherein each semiconductor wave comprises a receive antenna coupled to a transmit antenna to respectively receive and retransmit the spatially-fed incident millimeter-wave signals, and

wherein the receive and transmit antennas have orthogonal polarizations.

21. An area-protection system comprising:

an intrusion-detection subsystem to detect presence of an intruder; and

an intrusion-inhibiting subsystem comprising one of either an active-array antenna or a passive reflect-array antenna to provide a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront in response to the detection of the intruder to deter the intruder,

wherein the intrusion-detection subsystem is to detect the presence of a tag worn by the intruder,

wherein the intrusion-detection subsystem instructs the intrusion-inhibiting subsystem to refrain from generating the wavefront when the tag is authenticated by the intrusion-detection subsystem.

22. A method of protecting an area comprising:

detecting a presence of an intruder; and

generating a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront with one of either an active-array antenna or a passive reflect-array antenna in response to the detection of the intruder to deter the intruder,

wherein when the generating is performed with an active-array antenna, the method comprises generating the wavefront with a plurality of semiconductor wafers arranged together on a surface, each semiconductor wafer including a power amplifier and a transmit antenna which together generate the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront, and

wherein when the generating is performed with a passive reflect-array antenna, the method comprises generating the wavefront with a plurality of passive antenna elements by receiving and retransmitting an incident millimeter-wave signal.

23. The method of claim 22 further comprising:

tracking movement of the intruder and to generate a tracking-control signal for the array antenna; and

configuring the array antenna to direct the wavefront toward the intruder in response to the tracking-control signal.

24. The method of claim 22 wherein detecting comprises illuminating an area with an active illuminator comprising one of an optical illuminator, a LASER illuminator, a sonic illuminator, an ultrasonic illuminator, or an RF/RADAR illuminator which transmits signals to detect the intruder based on return signals.

25. The method of claim 22 wherein the passive reflect-array antenna comprises a plurality of passive semiconductor wafers arranged together, each passive semiconductor wafer comprising a receive antenna coupled with a transmit antenna, the receive antennas to receive a spatially fed incident millimeter-wave signal for retransmission by the transmit antennas to provide the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront.

26. A method of protecting an area comprising:

detecting a presence of an intruder;

generating a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront with one of either an active-aray antenna or a passive reflect-aray antenna in response to the detection of the intruder to deter the intruder;

increasing a skin temperature of the intruder with the high-power millimeter-wave wavefront;

measuring the skin temperature; and

generating a control signal to maintain the skin temperature either within a predetermined temperature range or below a predetermined temperature.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprising reducing a transmit power level of the wavefront in response to the control signal to maintain the skin temperature either within the predetermined temperature range or below the predetermined temperature.

28. The method of claim 26 further comprising reducing one of either a pulse-repetition-rate or a pulse-duration time of the wavefront in response to the control signal to maintain the skin temperature either within the predetermined temperature range or below the predetermined temperature.

29. A method of protecting an area comprising:

detecting a presence of an intruder;

generating a high-power millimeter-wave wavefront with one of either an active-array antenna or a passive reflect-array antenna in response to the detection of the intruder to deter the intruder;

detecting a presence of a tag worn by the intruder;

authenticating the tag; and

refraining from generating the wave front when tag is authenticated.