Electron emitting method of electron emitter
First Claim
1. A method of emitting electrons from an electron emitter including an emitter section made of a dielectric material, a first electrode in contact with said emitter section, and a second electrode in contact with said emitter section, said method comprising the steps of:
- polarizing said emitter section in one direction; and
applying an electric field beyond a coercive field to said emitter section through said first and second electrodes to reverse polarization of said emitter section for emitting electrons,wherein a voltage change between said first and second electrodes is 20 V or less at the time electrons are emitted, thereby preventing positive ion damage to the electrodes.
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Accused Products
Abstract
An electron emitter has an emitter section formed on a substrate, and a cathode electrode and an anode electrode formed on a same surface of the emitter section. A slit is formed between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. A drive voltage from a pulse generation source is applied between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, and the anode electrode is connected to the ground. A collector electrode is provided above the emitter section at a position facing the slit. The collector electrode is connected to a bias voltage source through a resistor. The emitter section is made of a piezoelectric material.
38 Citations
30 Claims
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1. A method of emitting electrons from an electron emitter including an emitter section made of a dielectric material, a first electrode in contact with said emitter section, and a second electrode in contact with said emitter section, said method comprising the steps of:
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polarizing said emitter section in one direction; and applying an electric field beyond a coercive field to said emitter section through said first and second electrodes to reverse polarization of said emitter section for emitting electrons, wherein a voltage change between said first and second electrodes is 20 V or less at the time electrons are emitted, thereby preventing positive ion damage to the electrodes. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. A method of emitting electrons from an electron emitter including an emitter section made from a piezoelectric material, a first electrode in contact with said emitter section, and a second electrode in contact with said emitter section, said method steps comprising:
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polarizing said emitter section in one direction by applying a first voltage between said first electrode and said second electrode for causing said first electrode to have a potential higher than a potential of said second electrode in a first period; and reversing polarization of said emitter section by applying a second voltage beyond a coercive field between said first electrode and said second electrode for causing said first electrode to have a potential lower than a potential of said second electrode in a second period, causing said emitter section to emit electrons.
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27. A method of emitting electrons from an electron emitter including an emitter section made from an antiferroelectric material, a first electrode in contact with said emitter section, and a second electrode in contact with said emitter section, said method steps comprising:
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polarizing said emitter section in one direction; and applying an electric field beyond a coercive field to said emitter section through said first and second electrodes to reverse polarization of said emitter section for emitting electrons; wherein said electric field applied to said emitter section has a level for inducing phase transition of said emitter section into a ferroelectric material within a certain period, and changing polarization of said emitter section for emitting electrons.
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28. A method of emitting electrons from an electron emitter including an emitter section made from an electrorestrictive material, a first electrode in contact with said emitter section, and a second electrode in contact with said emitter section, said method steps comprising:
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polarizing said emitter section in one direction by applying a first voltage between said first electrode and said second electrode for causing said first electrode to have a potential higher than a potential of said second electrode in a first period; and reversing polarization of said emitter section by applying a second voltage beyond a coercive field between said first electrode and said second electrode for causing said first electrode to have a potential lower than a potential of said second electrode in a second period, causing said emitter section to emit electrons.
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29. A method of emitting electrons from an electron emitter including an emitter section made from a dielectric material, a first electrode in contact with a first surface of said emitter section, and a second electrode in contact with a second surface of said emitter section, said method steps comprising:
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polarizing said emitter section in one direction; and applying an electric field beyond a coercive field to said emitter section through said first and second electrodes to reverse polarization of said emitter section for emitting electrons, wherein polarization reversal or polarization change occurs in an electric field E applied to said emitter section represented by E=Vak/h, where h is a thickness of said emitter section between said first electrode and said second electrode, and Vak is a voltage between said first electrode and said second electrode.
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30. A method of emitting electrons from an electron emitter including an emitter section made from a dielectric material, a first electrode in contact with said emitter section, and a second electrode in contact with said emitter section, said method steps comprising:
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polarizing said emitter section in one direction; and applying an electric field beyond a coercive field to said emitter section through said first and second electrodes to reverse polarization of said emitter section for emitting electrons, wherein polarization reversal and electron emission occur at a voltage of less than 100 V.
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Specification