Adaptive radio transceiver with a wide tuning range VCO

• US 7,130,579 B1
• Filed: 10/18/2000
• Issued: 10/31/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 10/21/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Rael, Jacob, Rofougaran, Ahmadreza
• Primary Examiner(s): Milord, Marceau
• Application Number:
  US09/692,661
• Time in Patent Office: 2,204 Days
• Field of Search: 455/20, 455/22, 455/24, 455/118, 455/120, 455/126, 455/112, 455/141, 455/180.3, 455/173.1, 455/190.1, 455/186.1
• US Class Current: 455/20
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 21/01 by beating unmodulated signals of different frequencies
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 27/00 Generation of oscillations providing a plurality of outputs of the same frequency but differing in phase, other than merely two anti-phase outputs
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/56 Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/318 A matching circuit being used as coupling element between two amplifying stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/336 A I/Q, i.e. phase quadrature, modulator or demodulator being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/451 the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45138 Two or more differential amplifiers in IC-block form are combined, e.g. measuring amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45386 the AAC comprising one or more coils in the source circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45526 the FBC comprising a resistor-capacitor combination and being coupled between the LC and the IC
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45528 the FBC comprising one or more passive resistors and being coupled between the LC and the IC
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45638 the LC comprising one or more coils
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/19 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/245 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45179 using MOSFET transistors as the active amplifying circuit H03F3/45278 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45475 using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 11/00 Limiting amplitude; Limiting rate of change of amplitude ; Clipping in general
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/001 Digital control of analog signals
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 11/126 using a single operational amplifier H03H11/1204 takes precedence; parallel-T filters H03H11/1295
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 11/1291 Current or voltage controlled filters
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 11/22 providing two or more phase shifted output signals, e.g. n-phase output
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 11/344 : Duplexers
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 2011/0494 : Complex filters
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 21/0001 : Analogue adaptive filters
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 21/0012 : Digital adaptive filters
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 2210/025 : Capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 2210/036 : Stepwise
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 7/42 : Networks for transforming balanced signals into unbalanced signals and vice versa, e.g. baluns
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 2200/10 : Tuning of a resonator by means of digitally controlled capacitor bank
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/099 : concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/18 : using a frequency divider or counter in the loop H03L7/20, H03L7/22 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/104 : of other parameters, e.g. DC offset, delay or propagation times
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/14 : of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/19 : Self-testing arrangements

Abstract

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Claims

1. An oscillator, comprising:

a first resonator having a first tuning input to tune the first resonator as a function of a first current applied to the first tuning input; and

a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, the second resonator having a second tuning input to tune the second resonator as a function of a second current applied to the second tuning input,

wherein the first resonator comprises a first output and the second resonator comprises a second output, and

wherein the output of the first resonator is fed back to the second tuning input for the second resonator, and the output of the second resonator is fed back to the first tuning input for the first resonator.

2. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the first and second outputs comprises a quadrature output.

3. The oscillator of claim 1 further comprising a first transconductance cell positioned between the output of the first resonator and the second tuning input, and a second transconductance cell positioned between the output of the second resonator and the first tuning input.

4. The oscillator of claim 3 wherein the first transconductance cell has a digitally programmable variable gain.

5. The oscillator of claim 4 wherein the second transconductance cell has a digitally programmable variable gain.

6. The oscillator of claim 3 wherein the output of the first resonator is fed back to the first tuning input, and the output of the second resonator is fed back to the second tuning input.

7. The oscillator of claim 6 further comprising a third transconductance cell positioned between the output of the first resonator and the first tuning input, and a fourth transconductance cell positioned between the output of the second resonator and the second tuning input.

8. The oscillator of claim 7 wherein one of the first second, third and fourth transconductance cells has a gain control input responsive to a digital word to program a gain thereof.

9. The oscillator of claim 7 wherein the first transconductance cell comprises a first gain control input responsive to a first digital word to program a gain thereof, the second transconductance cell comprises a second gain control input responsive to a second digital word to program a gain thereof, the third transconductance cell comprises a third gain control input responsive to a third digital word to program a gain thereof, and the fourth transconductance cell comprises a fourth gain control input responsive to a fourth digital word to program a gain thereof.

10. The oscillator of claim 9 wherein the first transconductance cell comprises a first current source having the first gain control input, the second transconductance cell comprises a second current source having the second gain control input the third transconductance cell comprises a third current source having the third gain control input, and the fourth transconductance cell comprises a fourth current source having the fourth gain control input.

11. The oscillator of claim 9 wherein the coupled first and second resonators have a tuning range over a tuning frequency, the tuning frequency being divided into a plurality of frequency bands, one of the frequency bands being selected in response to the third and fourth digital words respectively applied to the third and fourth gain control inputs.

12. The oscillator of claim 11 wherein the coupled first and second resonators have an operating frequency, the operating frequency being tunable over the selected frequency band in response to the first and second digital words respectively applied to the first and second gain control inputs.

13. The oscillator of claim 11 wherein the first and second resonators each have an operating frequency, the operating frequency being tunable over the selected frequency band in response to the first and second digital words respectively applied to the first and second gain control inputs.

14. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

15. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs spread spectrum modulation.

16. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs frequency hopping.

17. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

18. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that further comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the oscillator, the transmitter and the receiver being integrated on a single integrated circuit chip.

19. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the oscillator comprises CMOS circuitry.

20. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports a plurality of different wireless spread spectrum modulation techniques.

21. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using spread spectrum modulation.

22. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

23. The oscillator of claim 1 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using frequency hopping.

24. An oscillator, comprising:

a first resonator having a first tuning input;

a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, the second resonator having a second tuning input;

first control means for controlling a first current applied to the first resonator to tune the first resonator; and

second control means for controlling a second current applied to the second resonator to tune the second resonator,

wherein the first resonator comprises a first output and the second resonator comprises a second output, and

wherein the first control means feeds back the output of the second resonator to the first tuning input, and the second control means feeds back the output of the first resonator to the second tuning input.

25. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the first and second outputs comprises a quadrature output.

26. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the first control means comprises a first transconductance cell to feed back the output of the second resonator to the first tuning input, and the second control means comprises a second transconductance to feed back the output of the first resonator to the second tuning input.

27. The oscillator of claim 26 wherein the first transconductance cell comprises first programming means for digitally programming gain.

28. The oscillator of claim 27 wherein the second transconductance cell comprises second programming means for digitally programming gain.

29. The oscillator of claim 26 wherein the first control means further feeds back the output of the first resonator to the first tuning input, and the second control means feeds back the output of the second resonator to the second tuning input.

30. The oscillator of claim 29 wherein the first control means further comprises a third transconductance cell to feed back the output of the first resonator to the first tuning input, and the second control means comprises a fourth transconductance cell to feed back the output of the second resonator to the second tuning input.

31. The oscillator of claim 30 wherein one of the first, second, third and fourth transconductance cells means for programming a gain thereof in response to a digital word.

32. The oscillator of claim 30 wherein the first transconductance cell comprises a first programming means for programming a gain thereof in response to a first digital word, the second transconductance cell comprises a second programming means for programming the gain thereof in response to a second digital words the third transconductance cell comprises a third programming means for programming a gain thereof in response to a third digital word, and the fourth transconductance cell comprises a fourth programming means for programming the gain thereof in response to a fourth digital word.

33. The oscillator of claim 32 wherein the first programming means comprises a first current source, the second programming means comprises a second current source, the third programming means comprises a third current source, and the fourth programming means comprises a fourth current.

34. The oscillator of claim 32 wherein the coupled first and second resonators have a tuning range over a tuning frequency, the tuning frequency being divided into a plurality of frequency bands, one of the frequency bands being selected in response to the third and fourth digital words respectively applied to the third and fourth programming means.

35. The oscillator of claim 34 wherein the coupled first and second resonators have an operating frequency, the operating frequency being tunable over the selected frequency band in response to the first and second digital words respectively applied to the first and second programming means.

36. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

37. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs spread spectrum modulation.

38. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs frequency hopping.

39. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

40. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that further comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the oscillator, the transmitter and the receiver being integrated on a single integrated circuit chip.

41. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the oscillator comprises CMOS circuitry.

42. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports a plurality of different wireless spread spectrum modulation techniques.

43. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using spread spectrum modulation.

44. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the oscillator is pan of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

45. The oscillator of claim 24 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using frequency hopping.

46. An oscillator, comprising:

a first resonator having a first tuning input and a first output;

a second resonator having a second tuning input and a second output;

a first transconductance cell coupled between the first output and the second tuning input;

a second transconductance cell coupled between the second output and the first tuning input;

a third transconductance cell coupled between the first output and the first tuning input; and

a fourth transconductance cell coupled between the second output and the second tuning input.

47. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the first and second outputs comprises a quadrature output.

48. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the first transconductance cell comprises a first gain control input responsive to a first digital word to program a gain thereof, the second transconductance cell comprises a second gain control input responsive to a second digital word to program a gain thereof, the third transconductance cell comprises a third gain control input responsive to a third digital word to program a gain thereof, and the fourth transconductance cell comprises a fourth gain control input responsive to a fourth digital word to program a gain thereof.

49. The oscillator of claim 48 wherein the first transconductance cell comprises a first current source having the first gain control input, the second transconductance cell comprises a second current source having the second gain control input, the third transconductance cell comprises a third current source having the third gain control input, and the fourth transconductance cell comprises a fourth current source having the fourth gain control input.

50. The oscillator of claim 48 wherein the first and second resonators each have a tuning range over a tuning frequency, the tuning frequency being divided into a plurality of frequency bands, one of the frequency bands being selected in response to the third and fourth digital words respectively applied to the third and fourth gain control inputs.

51. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

52. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs spread spectrum modulation.

53. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs frequency bopping.

54. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the oscillator is pan of a wireless communications device that performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

55. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that further comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the oscillator, the transmitter and the receiver being integrated on a single integrated circuit chip.

56. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the oscillator comprises CMOS circuitry.

57. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports a plurality of different wireless spread spectrum modulation techniques.

58. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device tat supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using spread spectrum modulation.

59. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

60. The oscillator of claim 46 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using frequency hopping.

61. A transceiver, comprising:

a current controlled oscillator including a first resonator having a first tuning input to tune the first resonator as a function of a first current applied to the first tuning input, and a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, the second resonator having a second tuning input to tune the second resonator as a function of a second current applied to the second tuning input; and

a controller having a first control to control the first current to the first tuning input, and a second control to control the second current to the second tuning input,

wherein the first resonator comprises a first resonator output and the second resonator comprises a second resonator output, and

wherein the first resonator output is fed back to the second tuning input for the second resonator and the second resonator output is fed back to the first tuning input for the first resonator.

62. The transceiver of claim 61 wherein the first and second resonator outputs comprises a quadrature output.

63. The transceiver of claim 61 wherein the current controlled oscillator comprises a first transconductance cell positioned between the first resonator output and the second tuning input, and a second transconductance cell positioned between the second resonator output and the first tuning input.

64. The transceiver of claim 63 wherein the first transconductance cell has a digitally programmable variable gain.

65. The transceiver of claim 64 wherein the second transconductance cell has a digitally programmable variable gain.

66. The transceiver of claim 63 wherein the first resonator output is fed back to the first tuning input, and the second resonator output is fed back to the second tuning input.

67. The transceiver of claim 66 wherein the current controlled oscillator comprises a third transconductance cell positioned between the first resonator output and the first tuning input, and a fourth transconductance cell positioned between the second resonator output and the second tuning input.

68. The transceiver of claim 67 wherein the first control output comprises a first, second digital word and the second control output comprises a third and fourth digital word, the first transconductance cell comprises a first gain control input responsive to the third digital word to program a gain thereof, the second transconductance cell comprises a second gain control input responsive to the first digital word to program a gain thereof, the third transconductance cell comprises a third gain control input responsive to the second digital word to program a gain thereof, and the fourth transconductance cell comprises a fourth gain control input responsive to the fourth digital word to program a gain thereof.

69. The transceiver of claim 68 wherein the first transconductance cell comprises a first current source having the first gain control input, the second transconductance cell comprises a second current source having the second gain control input, the third transconductance cell comprises a third current source having the third gain control input, and the fourth transconductance cell comprises a fourth current source having the fourth gain control input.

70. The transceiver of claim 68 wherein the coupled first and second resonators have a tuning range over a tuning frequency, the tuning frequency being divided into a plurality of frequency bands, one of the frequency bands being selected in response to the third and fourth digital words respectively applied to the second and fourth gain control inputs.

71. The transceiver of claim 70 wherein the coupled first and second resonators have an operating frequency, the operating frequency being tunable over the selected frequency band in response to the first and third digital words respectively applied to the first and second gain control inputs.

72. A method of tuning an oscillator, comprising:

converting an output of a first resonator to a first current;

converting an output of a second resonator to a second current;

tuning a first resonator as a function of the second current; and

tuning the second resonator as a function of the first current.

73. The method of claim 72 further comprising converting the output of the first resonator to a third current, and converting the output of the second resonator to a fourth current, the tuning of the first resonator being a function of the first and third currents, and the tuning of the second resonator being a function of the second and fourth currents.

74. The method of claim 73 further comprising digitally programming the conversion of the output of the first resonator to set the first current.

75. The method of claim 73 further comprising digitally programming the conversion of the output of the second resonator to set second current.

76. The method of claim 73 further comprising digitally programming the conversion of the output of the third resonator to set the third current.

77. The method of claim 73 further comprising digitally programming the conversion of the output of the fourth resonator to set the fourth current.

78. The method of claim 73 further comprising digitally programming the conversion of the output of the first resonator to set the first current, digitally programming the conversion of the output of the second resonator to set the second current, digitally programming the conversion of the output of the third resonator to set the third current, and digitally programming the conversion of the output of the fourth resonator to set the fourth current.

79. The method of claim 78 wherein the first and second resonators have a tuning range over a tuning frequency, the tuning frequency being divided into a plurality of frequency bands, and the setting of the third and fourth currents comprises selecting one of the frequency bands.

80. The method of claim 79 wherein the first and second resonators have an operating frequency, and the setting of the first and second currents comprises tuning the first and second resonators over the selected frequency bands.

81. The method of claim 72 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

82. The method of claim 72 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs spread spectrum modulation.

83. The method of claim 72 wherein the oscillator is pan of a wireless communications device that performs frequency hopping.

84. The method of claim 72 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

85. The method of claim 72 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that further comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the oscillator, the transmitter and the receiver being integrated on a single integrated circuit chip.

86. The method of claim 72 wherein the oscillator comprises CMOS circuitry.

87. The method of claim 72 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports a plurality of different wireless spread spectrum modulation techniques.

88. The method of claim 72 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using spread spectrum modulation.

89. The method of claim 72 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

90. The method of claim 72 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using frequency hopping.

91. A method of tuning an oscillator having a tuning range over a tuning frequency, the tuning frequency being divided into a plurality of frequency bands, the method comprising:

generating a first digital word;

selecting one of the frequency bands with the first digital word;

generating a second digital word; and

tuning the oscillator to an operating frequency within the selected frequency band with the second digital word.

92. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator comprises first resonator having a first tuning input and a first resonator output, and a second resonator having a second tuning input a second resonator output, and wherein the selection of one of the frequency bands comprises feeding back the first resonator output to the fist tuning input as a function of the first digital word, and feeding back the second resonator output to the second tuning input as a function of the first digital word.

93. The method of claim 92 wherein the generation of the first digital word comprises generating a first digital word associated with the feedback of the first resonator output to the first tuning input that is different from the first digital word associated with the feedback of the second resonator output to the second tuning input.

94. The method of claim 92 wherein the generation of the first digital word comprises generating a first digital word associated with the feedback of the first resonator output to the first tuning input that is the same as the first digital word associated with the feedback of the second resonator output to the second tuning input.

95. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator comprises first resonator having a first tuning input and a first resonator output, and a second resonator having a second tuning input a second resonator output, and wherein the tuning of the oscillator comprises feeding back the first resonator output to the second tuning input as a function of the second digital word, and feeding back the second resonator output to the first tuning input as a function of the second digital word.

96. The method of claim 95 wherein the generation of the second digital word comprises generating a second digital word associated with the feedback of the first resonator output to the second tuning input that is different from the second digital word associated with the feedback of the second resonator output to the first tuning input.

97. The method of claim 95 wherein the generation of the second digital word comprises generating a second digital word associated with the feed back of the first resonator output to the second tuning input that is the same as the second digital word associated with the feedback of the second resonator output to the first tuning input.

98. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator comprises first resonator having a first tuning input and a first resonator output and a second resonator having a second tuning input a second resonator output, and wherein the selection of one of the frequency bands comprises feeding back the first resonator output to the first tuning input as a function of the first digital word, and feeding back the second resonator output to the second tuning input as a function of the first digital word, and wherein the tuning of the oscillator comprises feeding back the first resonator output to the second tuning input as a function of the second digital word, and feeding back the second resonator output to the first tuning input as a function of the second digital word.

99. The method of claim 98 wherein the generation of the first digital word comprises generating a first digital word associated with the feedback of the first resonator output to the first tuning input that is different from the first digital word associated with the feedback of the second resonator output to the second tuning input, and the generation of the second digital word comprises generating a second digital word associated with the feedback of the first resonator output to the second tuning input that is different from the second digital word associated with the feedback of the second resonator output to the first tuning input.

100. The method of claim 98 wherein the generation of the first digital word comprises generating a first digital word associated with the feedback of the first resonator output to the first tuning input that is the same as the first digital word associated with the feedback of the second resonator output to the second tuning input, and the generation of the second digital word comprises generating a second digital word associated with the feed back of the first resonator output to the second tug input that is the same as the second digital word associated with the feedback of the second resonator output to the first tuning input.

101. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator comprises first resonator having a first tuning input and a first resonator output, and a second resonator having a second tuning input a second resonator output, and wherein the selection of one of the frequency bands comprises converting the first resonator output to a first current as a function of the first digital word, feeding back the first current to the first tuning input, converting the second resonator output to a second current as a function of the first digital word, and feeding back the second current to the second tuning input.

102. The method of claim 101 wherein the generation of the first digital word comprises generating a first digital word associated with the conversion of the first resonator output to the first current that is different from the first digital word associated with the conversion of the second resonator output to the second current.

103. The method of claim 101 wherein the generation of the first digital word comprises generating a first digital word associated with the conversion of the first resonator output to the first current that is the same as the first digital word associated with the conversion of the second resonator output to the second current.

104. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator comprises first resonator having a first tuning input and a first resonator output, and a second resonator having a second tuning input a second resonator output, and wherein the tuning of the oscillator comprises converting the first resonator output to a first current as a function of the second digital word, feeding back the first current to the second tuning input, converting the second resonator output to a second current as a function of the second digital word, and feeding back the second current to the first tuning input.

105. The method of claim 104 wherein the generation of the second digital word comprises generating a second digital word associated with the conversion of the first resonator output to the first current that is different from the second digital word associated with the conversion of the second resonator output to the second current.

106. The method of claim 104 wherein the generation of the second digital word comprises generating a second digital word associated with the conversion of the first resonator output to the first second tuning input that is the same as the second digital word associated with the feedback of the second resonator output to the first tuning input.

107. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator comprises first resonator having a first tuning input and a first resonator output, and a second resonator having a second tuning input a second resonator output, and wherein the selection of one of the frequency bands comprises converting the first resonator output to a first current as a function of the first digital word, feeding back the first current to the first tuning input, converting the second resonator output to a second current as a function of the first digital word, and feeding back the second current to the second tuning input, and wherein the tuning of the oscillator comprises converting the first resonator output to a third current as a function of the second digital word, feeding back the third current to the second tuning input, converting the second resonator output to a fourth current as a function of the second word, and feeding back the fourth current to the first tuning input.

108. The method of claim 107 wherein the generation of the first digital word comprises generating a first digital word associated with the conversion of the first resonator output to the first tuning input that is different from the first digital word associated with the conversion of the second resonator output to the second tuning input, and the generation of the second digital word comprises generating a second digital word associated with the conversion of the first resonator output to the third current that is different from the second digital word associated with the conversion of the second resonator output to the fourth current.

109. The method of claim 107 wherein the generation of the first digital word comprises generating a first digital word associated with the conversion of the first resonator output to the first current that is the same as the first digital word associated with the conversion of the second resonator output to the second current, and the generation of the second digital word comprises generating a second digital word associated with the conversion of the first resonator output to the third current that is the same as the second digital word associated with the conversion of the second resonator output to the fourth tuning input.

110. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

111. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs spread spectrum modulation.

112. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs frequency hopping.

113. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

114. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that further comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the oscillator, the transmitter and the receiver being integrated on a single integrated circuit chip.

115. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator comprises CMOS circuitry.

116. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports a plurality of different wireless spread spectrum modulation techniques.

117. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using spread spectrum modulation.

118. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

119. The method of claim 91 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using frequency hopping.

120. An oscillator having a tuning range over a tuning frequency, the tuning frequency being divided into a plurality of frequency bands, the oscillator comprising:

selection means for selecting one of the frequency bands as a function of a first digital word; and

tuning means for tuning the oscillator to an operating frequency within the selected frequency bands as a function of a second digital word.

121. The oscillator of claim 120 further comprising a first resonator having a first tuning input, a second resonator coupled to the first resonator, the second resonator having a second tuning input, the selection means and the tuning means being coupled to the first tuning input to tune the first resonator, and the selection means and tuning means being coupled to the second tuning input to tune the second resonator.

122. The oscillator of claim 121 wherein the first resonator comprises a first output and the second resonator comprises a second output.

123. The oscillator of claim 122 wherein the first and second outputs comprises a quadrature output.

124. The oscillator of claim 122 wherein the tuning means feeds back the output of the second resonator to the first tuning input, and feeds hack the output of the first resonator to the second tuning input.

125. The oscillator of claim 124 wherein the tuning means comprises a first transconductance cell to feed back the output of the second resonator to the first tuning input, and a second transconductance to feed back the output of the first resonator to the second tuning input.

126. The oscillator of claim 125 wherein the first transconductance cell comprises first programming means for digitally programming gain in response to the second digital word.

127. The oscillator of claim 126 wherein the second transconductance cell comprises second programming means for digitally programming gain in response to the second digital word.

128. The oscillator of claim 127 wherein the first and second programming means each comprises a current source.

129. The oscillator of claim 127 wherein the second digital word associated with the first programming means is different from the second digital word associated with the second programming means.

130. The oscillator of claim 127 wherein the second digital word associated with the first programming means is the same as the second digital word associated with the second programming means.

131. The oscillator of claim 122 wherein the selection means feeds back the output of the first resonator to the first tuning input, and feeds back the output of the second resonator to the second tuning input.

132. The oscillator of claim 131 wherein the selection means a first transconductance cell to feed back the output of the first resonator to the first tuning input, and a second transconductance cell to feed back the output of the second resonator to the second tuning input.

133. The oscillator of claim 132 wherein the second transconductance cell comprises second programming means for digitally programming gain in response to the first digital word.

134. The oscillator of claim 133 wherein the first and second programming means each comprises a current source.

135. The oscillator of claim 133 wherein the first digital word associated with the first programming means is different from the first digital word associated with the second programming means.

136. The oscillator of claim 133 wherein the first digital word associated with the first programming means is the same as the first digital word associated with the second programming means.

137. The oscillator of claim 131 wherein the first transconductance cell comprises first programming means for digitally programming gain in response to the first digital word.

138. The oscillator of claim 120 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

139. The oscillator of claim 120 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs spread spectrum modulation.

140. The oscillator of claim 120 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs frequency hopping.

141. The oscillator of claim 120 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

142. The oscillator of claim 120 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that further comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the oscillator, the transmitter and the receiver being integrated on a single integrated circuit chip.

143. The oscillator of claim 120 wherein the oscillator comprises CMOS circuitry.

144. The oscillator of claim 120 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports a plurality of different wireless spread spectrum modulation techniques.

145. The oscillator of claim 120 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that. supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using spread spectrum modulation.

146. The oscillator of claim 120 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

147. The oscillator of claim 120 wherein the oscillator is part of a wireless communications device that supports wireless communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and wireless communications using frequency hopping.