Moving belt sensor

• US 7,132,943 B2
• Filed: 10/28/2003
• Issued: 11/07/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 11/07/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Johns Hopkins University
• Original Assignee: Johns Hopkins University
• Inventors: Nelson, Carl V.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, TAI T
• Application Number:
  US10/532,158
• Publication Number:
  US 20050270154A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,106 Days
• Field of Search: 340/551, 340/552, 340/567, 340/676, 340/673, 340/686.6, 324/326, 324/329, 324/233
• US Class Current: 340/551
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 11/12 Means for clearing land minefields; Systems specially adapted for detection of landmines
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/104 using several coupled or uncoupled coils G01V3/101 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/15 specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat

Abstract

A detection system is provided which is configured to have a transmitter capable of interacting with an object by generating a field, and a multiplicity of receivers operative to measure changes in the environment caused by the object'"'"'s response to the generated field and mounted to a closed-looped belt, which is displaceable in a proximity to the object.

Claims

1. A system for detecting a metal object comprising:

a closed-loop belt displaceable in proximity to the metal object; and

a first metal detector, comprising;

a transmitter, embedded in the closed-loop belt to move therewith, operative to generate a time-varying magnetic field for inductively coupling the transmitter and the metal object; and

a receiver, embedded in the closed-loop belt to move therewith, operative to measure eddy currents induced in the metal object by the time-varying magnetic field.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one second receiver embedded in the closed loop belt at a distance from the receiver of the first metal detector.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising at least one second transmitter inductively coupled to the at least one second receiver to constitute at least one second metal detector.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the transmitters of the first and at least one second metal detectors, respectively, are spaced from one another.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein the transmitters of the first and at least one second metal detectors, respectively, overlap one another.

6. The system of claim 3, wherein the closed loop belt is a track mounted on a vehicle displaceable relative to the at least one object so that a dwell time during which the object remains in a field of view of at least one of the first and at least one second metal detectors is independent from a response time thereof and depends on a length of the receiver, and a length of a linear stretch of the track.

7. The system of claim 3, further comprising a conveyor transporting material to be separated from the object and juxtaposed with at least one of forward and return linear stretches of the closed loop belt so that at least one of the first and at least one second metal detectors is juxtaposed with and travels substantially synchronously with the object over a length of the at least one of forward and return linear stretches to increase a dwell time during which the object remains in a field of view of the juxtaposed one of the first and at least one second metal detectors.

8. The system of claim 3, further comprising a power source coupled to the first and at least one second metal detectors and a controller coupled thereto and to the power source, the controller being operative to selectively energize the first and at least one second metal detectors to minimize interference between the first and at least one second metal detectors.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the power source includes at least one battery embedded in the closed-loop belt to supply energy sufficient to operate the first and at least one second metal detectors.

10. The system of claim 9, further comprising a second battery embedded in the closed-loop belt, and an induction battery charging system operative to charge the at least one and second batteries simultaneously or selectively.

11. The system of claim 8, further comprising a wireless inductive system operative to couple the first and at least one second metal detectors to the power source and located in at least one of a plurality of drums rotatably supporting the closed loop belt.

12. The system of claim 8, wherein the controller is operative to adjust a parameter selected from the group consisting of an excitation duty cycle, signal acquisition system sample rate, power levels for non-signal saturation, metal detector sensitivity and combinations thereof to optimize detection and classification of the object in response to a signal indicative thereof.

13. The system of claim 3, wherein the first and at least one second metal detectors operate in a time-domain mode and are alternately energized.

14. The system of claim 3, further comprising a plurality of drums rotatably supporting the closed-loop belt and defining therebetween the forward and return stretches of the closed-loop belt, and a commutation system mounted in at least one of the drums and operative to transmit power from the power source to the first and at least one second detectors.

15. The system of claim 14, further comprising an alarm system coupled to the first and at least one second metal detectors through the commutation system and operative to generate a signal indicative of the detection of the object.

16. The system of claim 3, wherein the transmitter of the first metal detector is tuned to a frequency different from a frequency to which the transmitter of the at least one second metal detector is tuned to minimize crosstalk between the first and at least one second metal detectors.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the closed-loop belt is formed from a continuous flexible material or is formed with a plurality of spaced apart links.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the transmitter and receiver constitute a metal detector selected from the group consisting of magneto-resistors, flux gate, and a loop antenna, and wherein the loop antenna includes a single coil acting both as the transmitter and the receiver or separate first and second coils acting as the transmitter and receiver, respectively.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the transmitter is an acoustic transmitter generating an acoustic field capable of exciting a medium, which surrounds the object generating a set of vibrations in response to the generated acoustic field, the receiver being a laser Doppler system configured to measure the set of vibrations of the medium and to differentiate between the vibrations of the medium and the vibrations of the object.

20. A method for detecting a metal object comprising:

displacing a closed-loop belt in proximity to the object; and

,

displacing a first metal detector with the belt, the first metal detector comprising;

a transmitter, embedded in the closed-loop belt to move therewith, generating a time-varying magnetic field inductively coupling the transmitter and the metal object; and

a receiver, embedded in the closed-loop belt to move therewith, measuring eddy currents induced in the metal object by the time-varying magnetic field.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of embedding a plurality of additional receivers in the closed-loop belt and selectively energizing the receivers to minimize interference therebetween.

22. The method of claim 21, further comprising the steps of:

analyzing responses from the plurality of additional receivers; and

determining a depth at which the metal object is buried based on the analyzed responses.

23. The method of claim 20, further comprising the steps of:

positioning the closed-loop belt adjacent to a conveyor transporting material to be separated from the object; and

,

synchronizing a speed of advancement of the closed-loop belt and the conveyor to increase a dwell time during which the object is within a field of view of the receiver.

24. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of mounting the closed loop belt to a vehicle.

25. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of embedding at least one battery in the closed-loop conveyor to actuate the receiver.

26. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of generating the field includes the step of generating an acoustic field, thereby exciting a medium, which surrounds the object.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising the steps of:

generating a set of vibrations by the object in response to the generated acoustic field;

measuring vibrations of the medium; and

,

differentiating the vibrations of the medium over the vibrations of the object, thereby classifying the object.