Methods and apparatus for directing messages to computer systems based on inserted data

• US 7,143,169 B1
• Filed: 04/04/2002
• Issued: 11/28/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 04/04/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Aviani, James A., Chase, Joshua Miles, Champagne, Jean-Philippe
• Primary Examiner(s): Burgess, Glenton B.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Scuderi, Philip S.
• Application Number:
  US10/116,225
• Time in Patent Office: 1,699 Days
• Field of Search: 709/226, 709227-229, 709230-237
• US Class Current: 709/226
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1001 for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1008 based on parameters of servers, e.g. available memory or workload monitoring of computer activity G06F11/30
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1021 based on client or server locations
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/16 Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/161 Implementation details of TCP/IP or UDP/IP stack architecture; Specification of modified or new header fields

Abstract

Mechanisms and techniques provide a system that operates in a data communications device such as a switch or a router to provide a technique for load balancing packets between computer systems based on extra data inserted in the packets. The system receives a message containing extra data. The extra data was inserted into the message by a second data communications device existing in a network coupling the first data communications device to a first computerized device that originated the message. The system identifies, based on the extra data inserted into the message, a second computerized device that is to process the message and forwards the message to the second computerized device for processing. The extra data can include demographic data that can be used to select a demographic server, and for selection of a specific server from a group of servers associated with the demographic server.

Claims

1. In a first data communications device, a method for load balancing messages, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving a message containing extra data, the extra data being inserted into a payload of the message by a second data communications device existing in a network coupling the first data communications device to a first computerized device that originated the message, wherein receiving a message comprises (i) extracting the extra data from the message, and (ii) adjusting the connection information included within the message such that the message no longer contains the extra data and is reverted to a state that existed before the second data communications device inserted the extra data into the message, wherein the payload is transmitted by the first computerized device;

identifying, based on the extra data inserted into the message, a second computerized device that is to process the message, wherein identifying a second computerized device comprises (i) obtaining the extra data from the message, the extra data inserted into the message by the second data communications device including a demographic server identification that identifies a demographic server that maintains demographic information associated with the first computerized device that originated the message, and (ii) comparing the extra data to routing criteria to select an identity of a second computerized device, from a plurality of second computerized devices that are capable of processing the message, the identified second computerized device being a device to which the step of forwarding forwards the message, the routing criteria indicating groups of second computerized devices of the plurality of second computerized devices associated with respective demographic servers wherein comparing the extra data comprises (a) identifying a demographic server corresponding to the demographic server identification included in the extra data, (b) selecting, from the groups of second computerized devices indicated by the routing criteria, a specific group of second computerized devices associated with the identified demographic server, and (c) identifying one second computerized device from the selected specific group of second computerized devices associated with the demographic server corresponding to the demographic server identification included in the extra data, such that the step of forwarding forwards the message to the identified second computerized device; and

forwarding the message, without the extra data, to the second computerized device for processing, the message including connection information that the second data communications device modified during the process of inserting the extra data such that a connection over which the message is transmitted between the first computerized device and the second computerized device is not disrupted by the insertion of the extra data into the message by the second data communications device.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein:

the message is a connection establishment message originated by a client browser application operating on the first computerized device;

the extra data includes a load balancing characteristic associated with the first computerized device that the second data communications device inserts into the connection establishment message;

and wherein the step of identifying a second computerized device that is to process the message comprises the steps of;

utilizing the load balancing characteristic included in the extra data to select the second computerized device from a plurality of second computerized devices that are capable of processing the message, the second computerized device being a computerized device to which the step of forwarding forwards the message in order to establish a connection with the first computerized device.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the extra data is geographic data that indicates a geographic location associated with the first computerized device and wherein the step of identifying selects a second computerized device that is geographically preferred to handle a connection from the first computerized device.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein:

the routing criteria is load balancing information that indicates a relative load metric for each of the second computerized devices in the plurality of second computerized devices; and

wherein the step of comparing comprises the step of;

selecting an identity of a second computerized device that has a preferred relative load metric such that the step of identifying a second computerized device performs load balancing between each of the plurality of second computerized devices.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the extra data inserted into the message by the second data communications device includes a demographic key associated with the first computerized device, the demographic key corresponding to demographic information related to the first computerized device that the first data communications device forwards to the demographic server corresponding to the demographic server identification contained in the extra data.

6. A data communications device for performing load balancing, the data communications device comprising:

at least one communications interface;

a memory;

a processor; and

an interconnection mechanism coupling the at least one communications interface, the memory and the processor;

wherein the memory is encoded with a message manager application that when performed on the processor, produces a message manager process that causes the computerized device to load balance messages between a plurality of computer systems by performing the operations of;

receiving, via the at least one communications interface, a message containing extra data, the extra data being inserted into a payload of the message by a second data communications device existing in a network coupling the first data communications device to a first computerized device that originated the message, wherein receiving a message comprises (i) extracting the extra data from the message, and (ii) adjusting the connection information included within the message such that the message no longer contains the extra data and is reverted to a state that existed before the second data communications device inserted the extra data into the message, wherein the payload is transmitted by the first computerized device;

identifying, based on the extra data inserted into the message, a second computerized device that is to process the message, wherein identifying a second computerized device comprises (i) obtaining the extra data from the message, the extra data inserted into the message by the second data communications device including a demographic server identification that identifies a demographic server that maintains demographic information associated with the first computerized device that originated the message, and (ii) comparing the extra data to routing criteria to select an identity of a second computerized device, from a plurality of second computerized devices that are capable of processing the message, the identified second computerized device being a device to which the step of forwarding forwards the message, the routing criteria indicating groups of second computerized devices of the plurality of second computerized devices associated with respective demographic servers wherein comparing the extra data comprises (a) identifying a demographic server corresponding to the demographic server identification included in the extra data, (b) selecting, from the groups of second computerized devices indicated by the routing criteria, a specific group of second computerized devices associated with the identified demographic server, and (c) identifying one second computerized device from the selected specific group of second computerized devices associated with the demographic server corresponding to the demographic server identification included in the extra data, such that the step of forwarding forwards the message to the identified second computerized device; and

forwarding, via the at least one communications interface, the message, without the extra data, to the second computerized device for processing, the message including connection information that the second data communications device modified during the process of inserting the extra data such that a connection over which the message is transmitted between the first computerized device and the second computerized device is not disrupted by the insertion of the extra data into the message by the second data communications device.

7. The data communications device of claim 6 wherein:

the message is a connection establishment message originated by a client browser application operating on the first computerized device;

the extra data includes a load balancing characteristic associated with the first computerized device that the second data communications device inserts into the connection establishment message; and

wherein when the message manager performs the step of identifying a second computerized device that is to process the message, the message manager performs the step of;

utilizing the load balancing characteristic included in the extra data to select the second computerized device from a plurality of second computerized devices that are capable of processing the message, the second computerized device being a computerized device to which the step of forwarding forwards the message in order to establish a connection with the first computerized device.

8. The data communications device of claim 7 wherein the extra data is geographic data that indicates a geographic location associated with the first computerized device and wherein the step of identifying selects a second computerized device that is geographically preferred to handle a connection from the first computerized device.

9. The data communications device of claim 6 wherein:

the routing criteria is load balancing information that indicates a relative load metric for each of the second computerized devices in the plurality of second computerized devices; and

wherein when the message manager performs the step of comparing, the message manager performs the step of;

selecting an identity of a second computerized device that has a preferred relative load metric such that the step of identifying a second computerized device performs load balancing between each of the plurality of second computerized devices.

10. The data communications device of claim 6 wherein the extra data inserted into the message by the second data communications device includes a demographic key associated with the first computerized device, the demographic key corresponding to demographic information related to the first computerized device that the first data communications device forwards to the demographic server corresponding to the demographic server identification contained in the extra data.

11. A computer program product having a computer-readable medium including computer program logic encoded thereon that, when performed on a processor in a computerized device having a coupling of a memory, a processor, and at least one communications interface provides a method for load balancing messages by causing the computerized device to perform the operations of:

receiving a message containing extra data, the extra data being inserted into a payload of the message by a second data communications device existing in a network coupling the first data communications device to a first computerized device that originated the message, wherein receiving a message comprises (i) extracting the extra data from the message, and (ii) adjusting the connection information included within the message such that the message no longer contains the extra data and is reverted to a state that existed before the second data communications device inserted the extra data into the message, wherein the payload is transmitted by the first computerized device;

identifying, based on the extra data inserted into the message, a second computerized device that is to process the message, wherein identifying a second computerized device comprises (i) obtaining the extra data from the message, the extra data inserted into the message by the second data communications device including a demographic server identification that identifies a demographic server that maintains demographic information associated with the first computerized device that originated the message, and (ii) comparing the extra data to routing criteria to select an identity of a second computerized device, from a plurality of second computerized devices that are capable of processing the message, the identified second computerized device being a device to which the step of forwarding forwards the message, the routing criteria indicating groups of second computerized devices of the plurality of second computerized devices associated with respective demographic servers wherein comparing the extra data comprises (a) identifying a demographic server corresponding to the demographic server identification included in the extra data, (b) selecting, from the groups of second computerized devices indicated by the routing criteria, a specific group of second computerized devices associated with the identified demographic server, and (c) identifying one second computerized device from the selected specific group of second computerized devices associated with the demographic server corresponding to the demographic server identification included in the extra data, such that the step of forwarding forwards the message to the identified second computerized device; and

forwarding the message, without the extra data, to the second computerized device for processing, the message including connection information that the second data communications device modified during the process of inserting the extra data such that a connection over which the message is transmitted between the first computerized device and the second computerized device is not disrupted by the insertion of the extra data into the message by the second data communications device.

12. A data communications device capable of load balancing messages, the data communications device comprising:

at least one communications interface;

a memory;

a processor; and

an interconnection mechanism coupling the at least one communications interface, the memory and the processor;

wherein the memory is encoded with an message manager application that when performed on the processor, produces a message manager process that causes the computerized device to load balance message between a plurality of computer systems by providing means including;

means for receiving a message containing extra data, the extra data being inserted into a payload of the message by a second data communications device existing in a network coupling the first data communications device to a first computerized device that originated the message, wherein receiving a message comprises (i) means for extracting the extra data from the message, and (ii) means for adjusting the connection information included within the message such that the message no longer contains the extra data and is reverted to a state that existed before the second data communications device inserted the extra data into the message, wherein the payload is transmitted by the first computerized device;

means for identifying, based on the extra data inserted into the message, a second computerized device that is to process the message, wherein identifying a second computerized device comprises (i) means for obtaining the extra data from the message, the extra data inserted into the message by the second data communications device including a demographic server identification that identifies a demographic server that maintains demographic information associated with the first computerized device that originated the message, and (ii) means for comparing the extra data to routing criteria to select an identity of a second computerized device, from a plurality of second computerized devices that are capable of processing the message, the identified second computerized device being a device to which the step of forwarding forwards the message, the routing criteria indicating groups of second computerized devices of the plurality of second computerized devices associated with respective demographic servers wherein means for comparing the extra data comprises (a) means for identifying a demographic server corresponding to the demographic server identification included in the extra data, (b) means for selecting, from the groups of second computerized devices indicated by the routing criteria, a specific group of second computerized devices associated with the identified demographic server, and (c) means for identifying one second computerized device from the selected specific group of second computerized devices associated with the demographic server corresponding to the demographic server identification included in the extra data, such that the step of forwarding forwards the message to the identified second computerized device; and

means for forwarding the message, without the extra data, to the second computerized device for processing, the message including connection information that the second data communications device modified during the process of inserting the extra data such that a connection over which the message is transmitted between the first computerized device and the second computerized device is not disrupted by the insertion of the extra data into the message by the second data communications device.