Apparatus for measuring radiation and method of use

• US 7,148,488 B2
• Filed: 06/13/2003
• Issued: 12/12/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 06/13/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University of Hawai'i
• Original Assignee: University of Hawai'i
• Inventors: Porter, John, Horton, Keith, Garbeil, Harold, Oppenheimer, Clive, Mouginis-Mark, Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): Porta, David
• Assistant Examiner(s): BOOSALIS, FANI POLYZOS
• Application Number:
  US10/461,860
• Publication Number:
  US 20040036027A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,278 Days
• Field of Search: 250/372, 250/373, 250/339.11, 250/339.13, 250/343, 250/345, 250/338.5, 356/326
• US Class Current: 250/372
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/33 using ultraviolet light G01N21/39 takes precedence

Abstract

A device for measuring radiation is disclosed. The device comprises optics and electronics at least partially enclosed in a housing portable by a single human being. In a preferred embodiment, the housing comprises a window to admit radiation of a desired wave length and houses optics and electronics to collect and convert admitted radiation into an electrical signal. A data processor may be disposed in the housing or exterior to the housing and may convert and store the electrical signal into an analyzed, e.g. digital, form. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for analyzing a gas, comprising:

a. a housing adapted to be carried by a single human being;

b. optics, responsive to a known range of ultraviolet radiation, disposed at least partially within the housing;

c. a radiation measurement device disposed at least partially within the housing and operatively in communication with the optics;

d. a non-database calibration spectrum source; and

e. a data processor operatively in communication with the radiation measurement device.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the housing further comprises:

a. a shell comprising a durable material, the shell comprising an exterior, a surface and an interior; and

b. a padding disposed within the interior of the shell, the padding adapted to shield components disposed within the interior from at least one of (i) physical shock or (ii) environmental hazards.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the housing further comprises a window at least partially defining a field of view for a telescope.

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the optics further comprise:

a. a mirror disposed in a pathway for radiation entering the window; and

b. a diffraction grating disposed intermediate the mirror and the radiation measurement device.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the window further comprises a band-pass material for a predetermined wave length range of ultraviolet radiation.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the optics further comprises a fiber optic collimating lens directly coupled to an input aperture of the radiation measurement device.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the radiation measurement device further comprises a charge coupled device responsive to wave lengths of a predetermined ultraviolet range.

8. The device according to claim 1, wherein the radiation measurement device comprises a spectrometer.

9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the data processor comprises a portable computer, the portable computer further comprising a power source adapted to supply power to at least one of (i) the portable computer, (ii) the radiation measurement device, or (iii) an external device.

10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a calibration cell disposed at least partially within the housing and operatively in communication with the radiation measurement device.

11. The device of claim 10 wherein the calibration cell further comprises:

a. a high calibration cell having a known concentration of calibrating material; and

b. a low calibration cell having a known concentration of calibrating material.

12. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a global positioning unit (GPS) operatively in communication with the data processor.

13. A method of obtaining a measurement of a characteristic of radiation, comprising:

a. allowing radiation within a predetermined range of ultraviolet wavelengths to pass through a window in a housing, the housing adapted to be carried by a single human being;

b. acquiring a current predetermined calibration spectrum substantially concurrently with obtain current measurements without use of stored data;

c. gathering the radiation in an optical device in communication with the window, the optical device disposed within the housing;

d. collecting the gathered radiation onto a radiation detection device coupled to the optical device;

e. converting at least a portion of the collected radiation into an electrical signal;

f. analying the electrical signal using a data processor;

g. storing an analyzed value for the analyzed electrical signal.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

a. providing a filter to restrict available radiation to radiation within a predetermined range of wavelengths.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the predetermined range of ultraviolet wavelengths extend down to a predetermined blue wavelenth, further comprising:

a. using atmospherically scattered solar radiation in the blue to ultraviolet wavelength range as a source to measure path-concentrations of a chosen gas of interest which exhibits detectable and measurable absorptions in these wavelengths.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein converting the collected radiation further comprises:

a. sampling the gathered radiation over the entire range of wavelengths;

b. converting the sample into an electrical signal; and

c. storing each sample.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein analyzing the electrical signal further comprises analyzing at least one of (i) more than two absorption peaks in the ultraviolet range or (ii) more than two absorption troughs in the ultraviolet range.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein analyzing the electrical signal is accomplished in real time.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein creating logged data further comprises creating an time average of analyzed values as a function of time.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the analyzed value is stored in at least one of (i) a visual display device, (ii) a transient data store, or (iii) a permanent data store.

21. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

a. obtaining geophysical location data from a GPS device;

b. creating logged data using the geophysical location data; and

c. storing the logged data in a data store.

22. The method of claim 13, wherein acquiring a calibration spectrum further comprises:

a. rotating a calibration cell of a known concentration into the path of radiation;

b. allowing radiation to pass through the calibration cell to the optical device; and

c. adjusting the analyzed value to correspond to the known concentration of the calibration cell without using a stored data source.

23. The method of claim 13, further comprising initializing an analyzed value, comprising:

a. obtaining a measurement of a calibration cell;

b. obtaining a measurement of clean air; and

c. obtaining measurement of a dark reference frame.