Power converter with interleaved topology

• US 7,149,096 B2
• Filed: 05/21/2004
• Issued: 12/12/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 02/18/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Astec International Limited (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Astec International Limited (Emerson Electric Company)
• Inventors: Mao, Hong, Batarseh, Issa, Abu Qahouq, Jaber
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US10/851,901
• Publication Number:
  US 20050180173A1
• Time in Patent Office: 935 Days
• Field of Search: 363/16, 363/17, 363/20, 363/65, 363/71
• US Class Current: 363/16
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/28 using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33592 having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/23 arranged for operation in parallel H02M7/2176 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A power converter includes a first transformer that has a primary winding and a secondary winding. The secondary winding is coupled to a first secondary side. A second transformer has a primary winding and a secondary winding. The secondary winding is coupled to a second secondary side. The primary windings of the first and second transformers are coupled in parallel to a primary side through respective windings of a transformer that has inverse coupled windings. The secondary windings of the first and second transformer are coupled in parallel. The second secondary side is interleaved with the first secondary side.

Claims

1. A power converter, comprising:

a first transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, the secondary winding coupled to a first secondary side of the power converter;

a second transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, the secondary winding coupled to a second secondary side of the power converter;

the primary windings of the first and second transformers coupled in parallel to a primary side of the power converter through respective windings of a transformer having inverse coupled windings, the secondary windings of the first and second transformer coupled in parallel, and

the second secondary side of the power converter interleaved with the first secondary side of the power converter.

2. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the secondary sides of the power converter operate at a lower switching frequency than a switching frequency at which the primary side of the power converter operates.

3. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the transformer having inverse coupled windings has a turns ratio of 1:

1.

4. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the respective inverse coupled windings of the transformer having inverse coupled windings include first and second inverse coupled windings, the first winding coupled between the primary winding of the first transformer and the primary side of the power converter and the second winding coupled between the primary winding of the second transformer and the primary side of the power converter.

5. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the primary side of the power converter is selected from the group consisting essentially of a half-bridge topology, a phase-shifted full-bridge topology, and an active-clamp topology.

6. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the secondary sides of the power converter are selected from the group consisting essentially of a current doubler topology, a forward tapped topology and a center tapped topology.

7. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the power converter is a DC—

DC converter.

8. A DC—

DC converter, comprising;

a primary side and a plurality of secondary sides;

a coupling transformer for each secondary side of the power converter coupling that secondary side of the power converter to the primary side of the power converter, the secondary sides of the power converter coupled in parallel and interleaved; and

each coupling transformer having a primary winding coupled in parallel through respective windings of at least one transformer having inverse coupled windings to the primary side of the power converter.

9. The DC—

DC converter of claim 8 and further including N-1 transformers having inverse coupled windings where N is the number of secondary sides of the power converter.

10. The DC—

DC converter of claim 8 having at least three secondary sides and three coupling transformers, the primary windings of two of the coupling transformers coupled in parallel through respective windings of a first one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings, the windings of the first one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings coupled in parallel with the primary winding of the third coupling transformer to the primary side of the power converter through respective windings of a second one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings.

11. The DC—

DC converter of claim 10 wherein the first one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings has a turns ratio of 1;

1 and the second one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings has a turns ratio of 2;

1.

12. The DC—

DC converter of claim 8 having at least four secondary sides and four coupling transformers, the primary windings of a first two of the coupling transformers coupled in parallel through respective windings of a first one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings, the primary windings of a second two of the coupling transformers coupled in parallel through respective windings of a second one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings, the first and second ones of the transformers having inverse coupled windings coupled in parallel to the primary side of the power converter through respective windings of a third one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings.

13. The DC—

DC converter of claim 12 wherein the first, second and third ones of the transformers having inverse coupled windings have a turns ratio of 1;

1.

14. The DC—

DC converter of claim 8 wherein the primary side of the power converter is selected from the group consisting essentially of a half-bridge topology, a phase-shifted full-bridge topology, and an active-clamp topology and the secondary sides of the power converter are selected from the group consisting essentially of a current doubler topology, a forward tapped topology and a center tapped topology.

15. The DC—

DC converter of claim 9 having an even number of secondary sides and each of the transformers having inverse coupled windings having a turns ratio of 1;

1.

16. The DC—

DC converter of claim 9 having an odd number of secondary sides with all but one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings having a turns ratio of 1;

1 and the remaining one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings having a turns ratio of 2;

1.

17. The DC—

DC converter of claim 16 wherein the coupling transformers are grouped in pairs leaving one coupling transformer not grouped in a pair, the primary windings of each pair of coupling transformers coupled through the respective windings of a respective one of the transformers having inverse coupled windings with the 1;

1 turns ratio and the primary winding of the coupling transformer not grouped in a pair coupled through a respective winding of the transformer having inverse coupled windings with the 2;

1 turns ratio.

18. The power converter of claim 8 wherein the secondary sides of the power converter operate at a lower switching frequency than a switching frequency at which the primary side of the power converter operates.

19. In a power converter having a primary side and a plurality of secondary sides coupled in parallel with each other, each secondary side of the power converter coupled to the primary side of the power converter by a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding coupled to that secondary side of the power converter, a method of coupling the primary windings of the transformers in parallel to the primary side of the power converter so that the secondary sides of the power converter can be interleaved, comprising:

coupling the primary windings of each transformer in parallel to the primary side of the power converter through respective windings of at least one transformer having inverse coupled windings, and

interleaving the secondary sides of the power converter.

20. In a DC—

DC converter having a primary side and a plurality of secondary sides coupled in parallel with each other, each secondary side of the power converter coupled to the primary side of the power converter by a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding coupled to that secondary side of the power converter, a method of coupling the primary windings of the transformers in parallel to the primary side of the power converter so that the secondary sides of the power converter can be interleaved, comprising;

coupling the primary windings of each transformer in parallel to the primary side of the power converter through respective windings of at least transformer having inverse coupled windings, and

interleaving the secondary sides of the power converter.