Providing a consistent hierarchical abstraction of relational data

• US 7,158,981 B2
• Filed: 12/21/2005
• Issued: 01/02/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 09/28/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Oracle International Corporation (Oracle Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Oracle International Corporation (Oracle Corporation)
• Inventors: Sedlar, Eric, Jain, Namit, Murthy, Ravi, Agarwal, Nipun
• Primary Examiner(s): Kindred; Alford W.
• Application Number:
  US11/315,835
• Publication Number:
  US 20060101041A1
• Time in Patent Office: 377 Days
• Field of Search: 707 1- 3, 707/8, 707/10, 715/853
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/284 Relational databases
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/86 Mapping to a database
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99931 Database or file accessing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99933 Query processing, i.e. searching
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99942 Manipulating data structure, e.g. compression, compaction, compilation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99943 Generating database or data structure, e.g. via user interface
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99945 Object-oriented database structure processing

Abstract

A hierarchy may be explicitly or implicitly reflected in existing data maintained external to hierarchy structures. Such hierarchies are referred to herein as a “pre-existing hierarchies”. Techniques are described herein for capturing a pre-existing hierarchy in hierarchy structures. After a pre-existing hierarchy has been captured, there exist two independent sets of data that reflect the hierarchy: the external hierarchy definition and the internal hierarchy definition. Changing either hierarchy definition changes the hierarchy. Therefore, to maintain a consistent reflection of the hierarchy, the internal hierarchy definition must be modified in response to changes made to the external hierarchy definition, and the external hierarchy definition must be modified in response to changes made to the internal hierarchy definition. Various techniques are described for maintaining consistency between the two hierarchy definitions.

Claims

1. A method for managing data in a database system, comprising the steps of:

said database system maintaining

(a) data that identifies one or more relational tables as tables that store data associated with the content of resources that belong to an information hierarchy, and

(b) connection criteria that indicates what constitutes a hierarchical relationship in the information hierarchy;

wherein said one or more relational tables include at least one table that stores, along with the data associated with the content of the resources, certain data that serves as an external hierarchy definition that establishes hierarchical relationships between said resources;

said database system maintaining information that captures said information hierarchy, as an internal hierarchy definition, in one or more hierarchy structures separate from said one or more relational tables; and

wherein the step of maintaining information that captures said information hierarchy as an internal hierarchy definition includes said database system automatically maintaining consistency between said external hierarchy definition and said internal hierarchy definition.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of automatically maintaining consistency includes:

detecting when an operation on said one or more relational tables deletes a resource associated with a leaf node in the information hierarchy; and

in response to detecting said operation, automatically deleting, in a resource table, a row that corresponds to said leaf node.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of automatically maintaining consistency further includes in response to detecting said operation;

;

determining whether removal of said leaf node from said information hierarchy leaves a parent node of said leaf node with no remaining child nodes; and

if removal of said leaf node from said information hierarchy leaves a parent node of said leaf node with no remaining child nodes, then deleting, in the resource table, a row that corresponds to said parent node.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of automatically maintaining consistency further includes:

detecting when an operation on said one or more relational tables inserts a resource associated with a node in the information hierarchy; and

in response to detecting said operation, automatically inserting, in a resource table, a row that corresponds to said node.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of automatically maintaining consistency further includes in response to detecting said operation,

determining whether addition of said node from said information hierarchy causes the addition of one or more child nodes of said node to said information hierarchy;

and

if addition of said node from said information hierarchy causes the addition of one or more child nodes of said node to said information hierarchy, then inserting, in the resource table, rows that correspond to said one or more child nodes.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of maintaining information that captures said information hierarchy includes maintaining, within a resource table, a row for each node in said information hierarchy.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of maintaining information that captures said information hierarchy includes maintaining, in the one or more hierarchy structures, information that indicates parent-child relationships between said resources.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein:

the resources in the information hierarchy correspond to rows of a relational table;

and parent-child relationships between the resources are indicated by values stored in two or more columns of the relational table.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein automatically maintaining consistency includes, in response to changes made to data that constitutes the external hierarchy definition, invoking triggers to update the data that constitutes said internal hierarchy definition.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein automatically maintaining consistency includes, in response to changes made to data that constitutes the internal hierarchy definition, invoking triggers to update the data that constitutes said external hierarchy definition.

11. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions for managing data in database system, wherein execution of the one or more sequences of instructions by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform the steps of:

said database system maintaining

(a) data that identifies one or more relational tables as tables that store data associated with the content of resources that belong to an information hierarchy, and

(b) connection criteria that indicates what constitutes a hierarchical relationship in the information hierarchy;

wherein said one or more relational tables include at least one table that stores, along with the data associated with the content of the resources, certain data that serves as an external hierarchy definition that establishes hierarchical relationships between said resources;

said database system maintaining information that captures said information hierarchy, as an internal hierarchy definition, in one or more hierarchy structures separate from said one or more relational tables; and

wherein the step of maintaining information that captures said information hierarchy as an internal hierarchy definition includes said database system automatically maintaining consistency between said external hierarchy definition and said internal hierarchy definition.

12. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the step of automatically maintaining consistency includes:

detecting when an operation on said one or more relational tables deletes a resource associated with a leaf node in the information hierarchy; and

in response to detecting said operation, automatically deleting, in a resource table, a row that corresponds to said leaf node.

13. The computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the step of automatically maintaining consistency further includes in response to detecting said operation:

determining whether removal of said leaf node from said information hierarchy leaves a parent node of said leaf node with no remaining child nodes; and

if removal of said leaf node from said information hierarchy leaves a parent node of said leaf node with no remaining child nodes, then deleting, in the resource table, a row that corresponds to said parent node.

14. The computer-readable medium of claim 11 wherein the step of automatically maintaining consistency further includes in response to detecting said operation, detecting when an operation on said one or more relational tables inserts a resource associated with a node in the information hierarchy;

and

in response to detecting said operation, automatically inserting, in a resource table, a row that corresponds to said node.

15. The computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the step of automatically maintaining consistency further includes in response to detecting said operation,

determining whether addition of said node from said information hierarchy causes the addition of one or more child nodes of said node to said information hierarchy;

and

if addition of said node from said information hierarchy causes the addition of one or more child nodes of said node to said information hierarchy, then inserting, in the resource table, rows that correspond to said one or more child nodes.

16. The computer-readable medium of claim 11 wherein the step of maintaining information that captures said information hierarchy includes maintaining, within a resource table, a row for each node in said information hierarchy.

17. The computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the step of maintaining information that captures said information hierarchy includes maintaining, in the one or more hierarchy structures, information that indicates parent-child relationships between said resources.

18. The computer-readable medium of claim 11 wherein:

the resources in the information hierarchy correspond to rows of a relational table;

and parent-child relationships between the resources are indicated by values stored in two or more columns of the relational table.

19. The computer-readable medium of claim 11 wherein automatically maintaining consistency includes, in response to changes made to data that constitutes the external hierarchy definition, invoking triggers to update the data that constitutes said internal hierarchy definition.

20. The computer-readable medium of claim 11 wherein automatically maintaining consistency includes, in response to changes made to data that constitutes the internal hierarchy definition, invoking triggers to update the data that constitutes said external hierarchy definition.