Multicolored LED lighting method and apparatus

• US 7,161,311 B2
• Filed: 11/04/2003
• Issued: 01/09/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 08/26/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Philips Lighting North America Corporation (Koninklijke Philips N.V.)
• Original Assignee: Color Kinetics Incorporated (Signify N.V.)
• Inventors: Lys, Ihor A., Mueller, George G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Philogene; Haissa
• Application Number:
  US10/701,132
• Publication Number:
  US 20040090191A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,162 Days
• Field of Search: 315/312, 315/316, 315/318, 315/291, 315/292, 315/297, 315/295, 315/300, 315/302, 315/169.3, 315/294, 315/362, 362/227, 362/231, 362/234, 362/236, 362/246, 362/311, 362/353, 362/355, 362/362, 362/800, 362/558, 362/555
• US Class Current: 315/294
• CPC Class Codes: F21K 9/00 Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
• CPC Class Codes: F21K 9/232 specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
• CPC Class Codes: F21W 2131/401 for swimming pools
• CPC Class Codes: F21Y 2115/10 Light-emitting diodes [LED]
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2300/06 Passive matrix structure, i.e. with direct application of both column and row voltages to the light emitting or modulating elements, other than LCD or OLED
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2310/0272 Details of drivers for data electrodes, the drivers communicating data to the pixels by means of a current
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2320/0626 for control of overall brightness
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2320/0666 for control of colour parameters, e.g. colour temperature
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/14 Semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/2014 by modulation of the duration of a single pulse during which the logic level remains constant
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/32 semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/3283 in which the data driver supplies a variable data current for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/20 Controlling the colour of the light
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/325 Pulse-width modulation [PWM]
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 45/395 Linear regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/155 Coordinated control of two or more light sources
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/165 following a pre-assigned programmed sequence; Logic control [LC]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 20/30 Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

Abstract

Apparatus and systems including one or more first LEDs, each first LED configured to generate first radiation having a first spectrum, and one or more second LEDs, each second LED configured to generate second radiation having a second spectrum different than the first spectrum. A diffuser is employed to blend the first radiation and the second radiation, when generated, so as to provide a uniform color of light having a visible spectrum based on a combination of the first spectrum and the second spectrum. One or more controllers are configured to control the first LED(s) and the second LED(s) such that visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived as one or more colors. In different aspects, the apparatus/systems may be configured to generate white light and/or multicolor light, may be formed to resemble conventional light bulbs, and may be arranged as a linear chain of nodes.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

a plurality of first LEDs, each first LED configured to generate first radiation having a first spectrum;

a plurality of second LEDs, each second LED configured to generate second radiation having a second spectrum different than the first spectrum;

a diffuser to blend the first radiation and the second radiation, when generated, so as to provide a uniform color of light having a visible spectrum based on a combination of the first spectrum and the second spectrum; and

at least one controller configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs based on a square wave signal applied to each LED, such that all visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived only as one or more colors, and not as alphanumeric characters or graphic images,

wherein the apparatus is configured to have a form that resembles a conventional lightbulb.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs, based on the square wave signal applied to each LED, so as to switch at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs on and off in a predetermined manner.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one controller includes at least one register to store data relating to the predetermined manner in which the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs are switched on and off.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived substantially as only one color at a given time.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived as a non-white color.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived as white light.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived substantially as a multicolor lighting effect.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived substantially as a time-varying multicolor lighting effect.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus is configured as a general illumination device capable of emitting multiple colors of the visible light in a continuously programmable spectrum.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured as a general illumination device.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diffuser is configured as a housing to substantially enclose at least the first LEDs and the second LEDs.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the the housing has the form that resembles the conventional lightbulb.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived as a non-white color.

14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived as white light.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first LEDs and the second LEDs are arranged in the apparatus in a predetermined manner.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a serial array.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs are each arranged as a serial array.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a parallel array.

19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as at least one row.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is configured as a parallel arrangement of rows.

21. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one controller includes a processor configured to receive lighting instructions from an external source, and wherein the processor is configured to control the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs in response to the lighting instructions so as to switch the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs on and off in the predetermined manner.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the external source is a network, and wherein the processor is configured to receive the lighting instructions from the network.

23. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one register includes:

a first register to store first data corresponding to the at least some of the first LEDs; and

a second register to store second data corresponding to the at least some of the second LEDs.

24. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising at least one user interface coupled to the at least one controller and configured to facilitate control of the apparatus so as to switch the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs on and off in the predetermined manner.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein:

the at least one controller includes at least one register to store data relating to the predetermined manner in which the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs are switched on and off; and

the at least one user interface is configured to facilitate programming the at least one register with the data.

26. A lighting system comprising:

a first apparatus according to claim 22 coupled to the network; and

a second apparatus according to claim 22 coupled to the network,

wherein the first apparatus and the second apparatus are arranged as a linear chain.

27. The lighting system of claim 26, wherein for each of the first apparatus and the second apparatus, at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a row.

28. The lighting system of claim 27, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is configured as a parallel arrangement of rows.

29. The lighting system of claim 26, wherein for each of the first apparatus and the second apparatus, at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a serial array.

30. An apparatus, comprising:

a plurality of first LEDs, each first LED configured to generate first radiation having a first spectrum;

a plurality of second LEDs, each second LED configured to generate second radiation having a second spectrum different than the first spectrum, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as at least one row;

a diffuser to blend the first radiation and the second radiation, when generated, so as to provide a uniform color of light having a visible spectrum based on a combination of the first spectrum and the second spectrum; and

at least one controller configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs based on a square wave signal applied to each LED, such that all visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived only as one or more non-white colors, and not as alphanumeric characters or graphic images.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a serial array.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs are each arranged as a serial array.

33. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is configured as a parallel arrangement of rows.

34. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a parallel array.

35. A lighting system, comprising:

a plurality of lighting apparatus arranged as a linear chain of nodes, each lighting apparatus comprising;

a plurality of first LEDs, each first LED configured to generate first radiation having a first spectrum;

a plurality of second LEDs, each second LED configured to generate second radiation having a second spectrum different than the first spectrum;

a diffuser to blend the first radiation and the second radiation, when generated, so as to provide a uniform color of light having a visible spectrum based on a combination of the first spectrum and the second spectrum; and

at least one controller configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that all visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived only as one or more colors.

36. The lighting system of claim 35, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs in at least two lighting apparatus is arranged as at least one row.

37. The lighting system of claim 36, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs in at least two lighting apparatus is configured as a parallel arrangement of rows.

38. The lighting system of claim 35, wherein the at least one controller of at least one lighting apparatus is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs based on a square wave signal applied to each LED.

39. The lighting system of claim 35, wherein the at least one controller of at least two lighting apparatus is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived substantially as only one color at a given time.

40. The lighting system of claim 39, wherein the at least one controller of at least two lighting apparatus is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived as a non-white color.

41. The lighting system of claim 39, wherein the at least one controller of at least two lighting apparatus is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived as white light.

42. The lighting system of claim 35, wherein the at least one controller of at least two lighting apparatus is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived substantially as a multicolor lighting effect.

43. The lighting system of claim 42, wherein the at least one controller of at least two lighting apparatus is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs such that the visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived substantially as a time-varying multicolor lighting effect.

44. The lighting system of claim 43, wherein each lighting apparatus is configured as a general illumination device capable of emitting multiple colors of the visible light in a continuously programmable spectrum.

45. The lighting system of claim 35, wherein the diffuser of at least two lighting apparatus is configured as a housing to substantially enclose at least the first LEDs and the second LEDs.

46. The lighting system of claim 35, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs in at least two lighting apparatus is arranged as a serial array.

47. The lighting system of claim 35, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs in at least two lighting apparatus is arranged as a parallel array.

48. The lighting system of claim 35, wherein:

each lighting apparatus is coupled to a network and configured as a node on the network;

the at least one controller of at least two lighting apparatus includes a processor configured to receive lighting instructions from the network; and

the processor is configured to control at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs in response to the lighting instructions so as to switch the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs on and off in a predetermined manner.

49. An apparatus, comprising:

a plurality of first LEDs, each first LED configured to generate first radiation having a first spectrum;

a plurality of second LEDs, each second LED configured to generate second radiation having a second spectrum different than the first spectrum;

a diffuser to blend the first radiation and the second radiation, when generated, so as to provide a uniform color of light having a visible spectrum based on a combination of the first spectrum and the second spectrum;

at least one controller configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs, such that all visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived only as white light, and not as alphanumeric characters or graphic images; and

at least one power connection coupled to the at least one controller, the at least one power connection configured to engage mechanically and electrically with a conventional light socket arrangement.

50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs so as to switch at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs on and off in a predetermined manner to provide the white light.

51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the at least one controller includes a processor configured to receive lighting instructions from an external source, and wherein the processor is configured to control the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs in response to the lighting instructions so as to switch the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs on and off in the predetermined manner.

52. The apparatus of claim 49, further comprising a plurality of third LEDs, each third LED configured to generate third radiation having a third spectrum different from the first and second spectrums, wherein the plurality of first LEDs includes a plurality of red LEDs, the plurality of second LEDs includes a plurality of green LEDs, and the plurality of third LEDs includes a plurality of blue LEDs.

53. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the diffuser is configured as a housing to substantially enclose at least the first LEDs and the second LEDs.

54. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the diffuser is configured to resemble a lightbulb.

55. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the diffuser is configured to resemble an Edison-mount lightbulb housing.

56. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein the first LEDs and the second LEDs are arranged in the apparatus in a predetermined manner.

57. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a serial array.

58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs are arranged as a serial array.

59. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a parallel array.

60. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as at least one row.

61. The apparatus of claim 60, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is configured as a parallel arrangement of rows.

62. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the external source is a network, and wherein the processor is configured to receive the lighting instructions from the network.

63. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the first LEDs and the second LEDs based on a square wave signal applied to each LED.

64. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the at least one controller includes at least one register to store data relating to the predetermined manner in which the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs are switched on and off.

65. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the at least one register includes:

a first register to store first data corresponding to the at least some of the first LEDs; and

a second register to store second data corresponding to the at least some of the second LEDs.

66. The apparatus of claim 50, further comprising at least one user interface coupled to the at least one controller and configured to facilitate control of the apparatus so as to switch the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs on and off in the predetermined manner.

67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein:

the at least one controller includes at least one register to store data relating to the predetermined manner in which the at least some of the first LEDs and the second LEDs are switched on and off; and

the at least one user interface is configured to facilitate programming the at least one register with the data.

68. A lighting system comprising:

a first apparatus according to claim 62 coupled to the network; and

a second apparatus according to claim 62 coupled to the network,

wherein the first apparatus and the second apparatus are arranged as a linear chain.

69. The lighting system of claim 68, wherein for each of the first apparatus and the second apparatus, at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as at least one row.

70. The lighting system of claim 69, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is configured as a parallel arrangement of rows.

71. The lighting system of claim 68, wherein for each of the first apparatus and the second apparatus, at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a serial array.

72. An LED-based lightbulb, comprising:

at least one first LED configured to generate first radiation having a first spectrum;

at least one second LED configured to generate second radiation having a second spectrum different than the first spectrum;

a diffuser configured to blend the first radiation and the second radiation, when generated, so as to provide a uniform color of light having a visible spectrum based on a combination of the first spectrum and the second spectrum; and

at least one controller configured to control the at least one first LED and the at least one second LED such that the light provided by the lightbulb is perceived as white light,

wherein the LED-based lightbulb is configured to have a form that resembles a conventional lightbulb.

73. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 72, wherein the at least one first LED includes a plurality of first LEDs and the at least one second LED includes a plurality of second LEDs, and where the first LEDs and the second LEDs are arranged in the lightbulb in a predetermined manner.

74. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 73, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a parallel array.

75. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 72, wherein the diffuser is configured as a housing to substantially enclose at least the at least one first LED and the at least one second LED.

76. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 75, wherein the diffuser is configured to resemble the conventional lightbulb.

77. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 76, wherein the diffuser is configured to resemble an Edison-mount lightbulb housing.

78. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 77, further comprising at least one power connection coupled to the at least one controller, the at least one power connection configured to engage mechanically and electrically with a conventional light socket.

79. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 78, wherein the at least one power connection includes an Edison screw-type connection.

80. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 72, further comprising at least one power connection coupled to the at least one controller, the at least one power connection configured to engage mechanically an electrically with a conventional light socket.

81. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 80, wherein the at least one power connection includes an Edison screw-type connection.

82. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 80, further comprising rectifier and voltage transformation means coupled to the at least one power connection.

83. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 72, wherein the at least one controller is configured to independently control a first intensity of the first radiation and a second intensity of the second radiation.

84. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 72, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the at least one first LED and the at least one second LED based on a square wave signal applied to each LED.

85. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 84, wherein the at least one controller is configured to implement a pulse-width modulation technique to independently control a first intensity of the first radiation and a second intensity of the second radiation so as to determine the visible spectrum of the light provided by the lightbulb.

86. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 72, wherein the at least one controller includes at least one register to store data relating to controlling the at least one first LED and the at least one second LED.

87. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 86, wherein the at least one register includes:

a first register to store first data corresponding to the at least one first LED; and

a second register to store second data corresponding to the at least one second LED.

88. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 72, further comprising at least one user interface coupled to the at least one controller and configured to facilitate control of the at least one first LED and the at least one second LED.

89. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 88, wherein the at least one user interface is configured to facilitate control of the at least one first LED and the at least one second LED so as to vary the visible spectrum of the light provided by the lightbulb.

90. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 88, wherein:

the at least one controller includes at least one register to store data relating to controlling the at least one first LED and the at least one second LED; and

the at least one user interface is configured to facilitate programming the at least one register with the data.

91. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 72, further comprising at least one of a transmitter and a receiver configured to communicate via electromagnetic radiation at least one signal to or from the lightbulb.

92. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 72, wherein the at least one controller includes a processor configured to receive lighting instructions from an external source, and wherein the processor is configured to control the at least one first LED and the at least one second LED in response to the lighting instructions.

93. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 92, wherein the external source is a network, and wherein the processor is configured to receive the lighting instructions from the network.

94. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 92, further comprising at least one of a transmitter and a receiver configured to communicate via electromagnetic radiation at least one signal to or from the lightbulb.

95. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 94, wherein the at least one of the transmitter and the receiver is configured to communicate the lighting instructions between the external source and the lightbulb.

96. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 73, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as at least one row.

97. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 73, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is arranged as a serial array.

98. The LED-based lightbulb of claim 96, wherein at least one of the plurality of first LEDs and the plurality of second LEDs is configured as a parallel arrangement of rows.