User controlled audio quality for voice-over-IP telephony systems

• US 7,167,451 B1
• Filed: 12/21/2000
• Issued: 01/23/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Oran, David R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Rao; Seema S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Sefcheck; Gregory B.
• Application Number:
  US09/745,387
• Time in Patent Office: 2,224 Days
• Field of Search: 370/229, 370/230, 370/232, 370/235, 370/237, 370/351, 370/389, 370/395.1, 370/395.5, 370/395.52, 370/466, 370/395.21, 370/401, 370/252, 370/352, 709/226
• US Class Current: 370/252
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/0829 Packet loss
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/087 Jitter
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/10 Flow control; Congestion control
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/11 Identifying congestion
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/2416 Real-time traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/283 in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/365 Dynamic adaptation of the packet size
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/38 by adapting coding or compression rate
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/70 Admission control; Resource allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/724 at intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/765 triggered by the end-points
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/801 Real time traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/805 QOS or priority aware
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/808 User-type aware
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/822 Collecting or measuring resource availability data
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/1083 In-session procedures
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/1101 Session protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/752 adapting media to network capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/80 Responding to QoS

Abstract

A call adaptation system tracks adaptation schemes used for transmitting audio packets in a Voice Over IP call. A user response to the Voice Over IP (VoIP) call is monitored. The call adaptation system then dynamically varies the adaptation schemes used for transmitting the audio packets according to the monitored user response.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call at a telephone endpoint, comprising:

determining a current payload size for audio packets in the VoIP call;

monitoring a user response to the VoIP call indicating a desired level of user perceived audio quality for the VoIP call;

determining a current jitter amount for the VoIP call; and

changing the current payload size for the audio packets mid-call to correspond with the desired level of user perceived audio quality only when the current jitter amount is less than a predetermined jitter amount that is preset and represents an acceptable perceivable sound quality.

2. A method according to claim 1 including:

initially transmitting the packets in the VoIP call using a best effort transmission scheme;

monitoring the user response for a request to increase voice quality; and

requesting reservation of network resources during the already established VoIP call when the increase voice quality request is detected from the user response.

3. A method according to claim 2 including requesting reservation of network resources by making an RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) request in the middle of the VoIP call.

4. A method according to claim 2 including conducting the already established VoIP call using reserved network resources when the requested reservation is accepted and the user response requests additional increases in the sound quality of the VoIP call.

5. A method according to claim 4 including increasing voice coder performance or reducing payload size after the network resources are reserved.

6. A method according to claim 1 including using a signal generated by an input device to detect the user response during the VoIP call.

7. A method according to claim 6 including using a dial or buttons on a telephone as the input device.

8. A method according to claim 6 including using a graphical user interface as the input device.

9. A method according to claim 1 including decoding Dual Tone Multiple Frequency signals to detect the user response.

10. An apparatus, comprising:

one or more processors; and

a memory coupled to the processors comprising instructions executable by the processors, the processors operable when executing the instructions to;

determine a current payload size for audio packets in the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call;

monitor a user response to the VoIP call indicating a desired level of user perceived audio quality for the VoIP call;

determine a current jitter amount for the VoIP call; and

change the current payload size for the audio packets mid-call to correspond with the desired level of user perceived audio quality only when the current jitter amount is less than a predetermined jitter amount that is preset and represents an acceptable perceivable sound quality.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the processors are further operable to:

initially transmit the packets in the VoIP call using a best effort transmission scheme;

monitor the user response for a request to increase voice quality; and

request reservation of network resources during the already established VoIP call when the increase voice quality request is detected from the user response.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the processors are further operable to conduct the already established VoIP call using reserved network resources when the requested reservation is accepted and the user response requests additional increases in the sound quality of the VoIP call.

13. An adaptation system, comprising:

an input to detect a user response requesting a different user perceived sound quality for a call and specifying a user-defined codec selection; and

a controller configured to measure current network congestion of a network that transmits the call and determine a packet loss ratio associated with the requested different user perceived sound quality, the user-defined codec selection and the measured current network congestion;

the controller to compare the determined packet loss ratio to a predetermined packet loss ratio that is set according to an empirical analysis identifying a threshold amount of packet loss that represents a minimum call sound quality;

the controller to dynamically vary a codec used to encode the call while the call is in progress according to the user-defined codec selection when the determined packet loss ratio is less than the predetermined packet loss ratio;

the controller to determine a system-defined codec selection corresponding to both the measured network congestion and the determined packet loss ratio when the determined packet loss ratio is equal to or greater than the predetermined packet loss ratio; and

the controller to dynamically vary the codec used to encode the call while the call is in progress according to the system-defined codec selection when the determined packet loss ratio is equal to or greater than the predetermined packet loss ratio.

14. An adaptation system according to claim 13 wherein the controller initially transmits packets in the call using a best effort transmission scheme and during the call requests reservation of network resources when the user response requests increased sound quality.

15. An adaptation system according to claim 14 wherein the controller initiates an RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) request to reserve the network resources.

16. An adaptation system according to claim 14 wherein the controller monitors for acceptance of the network reservation request and modifies the codec to provide an increased sound quality call only after the acceptance is received.

17. An adaptation system according to claim 13 wherein the input comprises a dial or buttons.

18. An adaptation system according to claim 13 wherein the input comprises a graphical user interface.

19. An adaptation system according to claim 18 including a cost icon in the graphical user interface that allows selection of a call cost, the controller restricting the system-defined according selection according to the selected call cost.

20. An adaptation system according to claim 13 wherein the input device generates Dual Tone Multiple Frequency signals that are decoded by the controller for identifying the user response.

21. An adaptation system according to claim 13 further comprising the controller modifying a packet payload size for the call in response to the requested different user perceived sound quality.

22. An adaptation system according to claim 13 wherein the controller varies a rate that the packets are transmitted and received during the call.

23. An electronic storage medium containing software used for controlling a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call, the software in the electronic storage medium comprising:

code for determining a current payload size for audio packets in the VoIP call;

code for monitoring a user response to the VoIP call indicating a desired level of user perceived audio quality for the VoIP call;

code for determining a current jitter amount for the VoIP call;

code for changing the current payload size for the audio packets mid-call to correspond with the desired level of user perceived audio quality only when the current jitter amount is less than a predetermined jitter amount that is preset and represents an acceptable perceivable sound quality.

24. An electronic storage medium according to claim 23 including;

code for initially transmitting the packets in the VoIP call using a best effort transmission scheme;

code for monitoring the user response for a request to increase voice quality; and

code for requesting reservation of network resources during the already established VoIP call when the increase voice quality request is detected from the user response.

25. An electronic storage medium according to claim 24 including code that requests reservation of network resources by making an RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) request in the middle of the VoIP call.

26. An electronic storage medium according to claim 24 including code for conducting the already established VoIP call using reserved network resources when the requested reservation is accepted and the user response requests additional increases in voice quality of the VoIP call.

27. An electronic storage medium according to claim 26 including code for increasing voice coder quality and reducing packet payload size for the packets in the VoIP call after the network resources are reserved.

28. An electronic storage medium according to claim 23 including code that detects the user response from a signal generated by an input device controllable by a user during the VoIP call.

29. An electronic storage medium according to claim 28 wherein the input device comprises a dial on a telephone.

30. An electronic storage medium according to claim 28 wherein the input device comprises a graphical user interface on a computer.

31. An electronic storage medium according to claim 23 including code that decodes Dual Tone Multiple Frequency signals to identify the user response.

32. An electronic storage medium according to claim 23 including code for monitoring congestion in a network used for conducting the VoIP call and varying the current payload size according to the user response and the monitored congestion.

33. An electronic storage medium according to claim 23 including:

code for varying codecs used for encoding audio signals into digital data making up the audio packets associated with the VoIP call data;

code for varying a rate that the audio packets are transmitted and received during the VoIP call;

code for varying an amount of audio data in the audio packets; and

code for adding or removing error correction information from the audio packets.

34. An electronic storage medium according to claim 23 including code for detecting a user response selecting a cost for the VoIP call and varying the current payload size according to the selected cost.

35. A system for controlling a Voice over Internet Protocol call, comprising:

means for tracking adaptation schemes used for transmitting audio packets in a VoIP call;

means for monitoring a user response to the VoIP call indicating a desired level of user perceived audio quality for the VoIP call;

means for dynamically varying the adaptation schemes used for transmitting the audio packets from a telephone endpoint in response to user indications so that the user perceived audio quality of the VoIP call corresponds with the monitored user response;

means for measuring a first packet loss rate for the VoIP call before dynamically varying the adaptation schemes;

means for measuring a second packet loss rate for the VoIP call after dynamically varying the adaptation schemes;

means for comparing the first packet loss rate to the second packet loss rate; and

means for automatically dynamically re-varying the adaptation schemes to lower bandwidth consumption in response to a determination that the second packet loss rate is a predetermined amount higher than the first packet loss rate.

36. A system according to claim 35 including means for detecting the user response from a signal generated by an input device controllable by the user during the VoIP call.

37. A system according to claim 35 including means for detecting the user response from a dial on a telephone.

38. A system according to claim 35 including means for detecting the user response from a graphical user interface on a computer.

39. A system according to claim 35 including means for decoding Dual Tone Multiple Frequency signals to monitor the user response.

40. A system according to claim 35 including means for monitoring congestion in the network used for conducting the VoIP call and varying the adaptation schemes having a best chance with the monitored congestion of adapting the VoIP call to the user response.

41. A system according to claim 35 including:

means for varying codecs used for encoding audio signals into digital data making up the audio packets;

means for varying a rate that the audio packets are transmitted and received during the VoIP call;

means for varying an amount of audio data in the audio packets; and

means for adding or removing error correction information from the audio packets.

42. A system according to claim 35 including means for detecting a user response selecting a cost for the VoIP call and means for varying the adaptation schemes according to the selected cost.

43. A system for controlling a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call, comprising:

means for tracking packet payload size for a VoIP call;

means for monitoring a user response to the VoIP call indicating delays associated with the VoIP call;

means for determining current network congestion;

means for dynamically varying the packet payload size during the VoIP call so that packets of the VoIP call include payloads of varying sizes according to the monitored user response when the current network congestion is lower than a predetermined threshold;

means for initially transmitting the packets using a best effort transmission scheme;

means for monitoring the user response for a request to increase voice quality; and

means for requesting reservation of network resources for the call during the already established VoIP call when the increase voice quality request is detected from the user response and when the current network congestion is below a predetermined threshold; and

means for indicating that the encoding process has not been dynamically varied when the current network congestion is not lower than a predetermined threshold.

44. A system according to claim 43 including means for requesting reservation of network resources by making an RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) request in the middle of the VoIP call.

45. A system according to claim 44 including means for increasing voice coder quality and reducing packet payload size for the packets in the VoIP call after the network resources are reserved.

46. A system according to claim 43 including means for conducting the already established VoIP call using reserved network resources when the requested reservation is accepted and the user response requests additional increases in voice quality of the VoIP call.

47. An apparatus comprising:

one or more processors; and

a memory coupled to the processors comprising instructions executable by the processors, the processors operable when executing the instructions to;

track adaptation schemes used for transmitting audio packets in a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call;

monitor a user response to the VoIP call indicating a desired level of user perceived audio quality for the VoIP call;

dynamically vary the adaptation schemes used for transmitting the audio packets from a telephone endpoint in response to user indications so that the user perceived audio quality of the VoIP call corresponds with the monitored user response;

measure a first packet loss rate for the VoIP call before dynamically varying the adaptation schemes;

measure a second packet loss rate for the VoIP call after dynamically varying the adaptation schemes;

compare the first packet loss rate to the second packet loss rate; and

automatically dynamically re-vary the adaptation schemes to lower bandwidth consumption in response to a determination that the second packet loss rate is a predetermined amount higher than the first packet loss rate.

48. The apparatus of claim 47 wherein the processors are further operable to monitor congestion in the network used for conducting the VoIP call and vary the adaptation schemes having a best chance with the monitored congestion of adapting the VoIP call to the user response.

49. The apparatus of claim 47 wherein the processors are further operable to:

vary codecs used for encoding audio signals into digital data making up the audio packets;

vary a rate that the audio packets are transmitted and received during the VoIP call;

vary an amount of audio data in the audio packets; and

add or remove error correction information from the audio packets.

50. The apparatus of claim 47 wherein the processors are further operable to detect a user response selecting a cost for the VoIP call and means for varying the adaptation schemes according to the selected cost.

51. The apparatus of claim 47 wherein the processors are further operable to detect the user response from a dial on a telephone.

52. A method for controlling a Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call, comprising:

tracking adaptation schemes used for transmitting packets in the VoIP call;

monitoring a user response to the VoIP call that requests a different level of user perceived sound quality for the VoIP call; and

dynamically varying the adaptation schemes used for transmitting the packets in the VoIP call to correspond with the requested level of user perceived sound quality; and

wherein dynamically varying the adaptation schemes includes adjusting Forward Error Correction (FEC) and adjusting packet payload length;

wherein the packet payload length is dynamically varied according to measured network congestion;

wherein the packet payload length is adjusted in response to a user indication of delays during the VoIP call;

wherein the packet payload length is increased in response to the user indication, wherein the packet payload length is associated with a first packet payload type having 20 bytes when the delay is less than a predetermined threshold and the packet payload length is associated with a second packet payload type having at least 40 bytes when the delay is greater than the predetermined threshold.