System for spatially adjustable excitation of leadless miniature marker

• US 7,176,798 B2
• Filed: 11/23/2004
• Issued: 02/13/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 12/20/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Varian Medical Systems Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Calypso Medical Technologies, Inc. (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Wright, J. Nelson, Dimmer, Steven C., Mayo, William T.
• Primary Examiner(s): MULLEN, THOMAS J
• Application Number:
  US10/997,080
• Publication Number:
  US 20050195084A1
• Time in Patent Office: 812 Days
• Field of Search: 340/572.1, 340/572.4, 340/572.7, 340/572.5, 343/742, 343/867
• US Class Current: 340/572.1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00154 pulsed
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00411 actuated by application of energy from an energy source outside the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2051 Electromagnetic tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3958 emitting a signal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3975 active
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/06 Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies for removing same A61B17/50 ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/062 using magnetic field
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/36 Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/1051 using an active marker markers in general A61B90/39
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1049 for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2414 using inductive tags
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 7/08 Ferrite rod or like elongated core

Abstract

A system for generating a magnetic field for excitation of a leadless marker assembly. The system of at least one embodiment includes a source generator that generates a plurality of alternating electrical signals each having an independently adjustable phase. A plurality of excitation coils are configured to simultaneously receive a respective one of the alternating electrical signals at a selected phase to generate a magnetic field. The phase of the alternating electrical signal for each excitation coil is independently adjustable relative to the phase of the alternating electrical signal for the other excitation coils so as to adjust the magnetic field from the respective coil. The magnetic fields from the excitation coils combine to form a spatially adjustable excitation field for excitation of the remote leadless marker assembly.

Claims

1. A system for generating a spatially adjustable excitation field, comprising:

a source generator that generates a plurality of alternating electrical signals each having an independently adjustable phase; and

a plurality of excitation coils being configured to simultaneously receive the alternating electrical signals at a selected phase to generate magnetic fields, wherein the magnetic fields combine to form a spatially adjustable excitation field for excitation of a leadless resonating marker assembly within the spatially adjustable excitation field.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the excitation coils are co-planar.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the coil axes of at least two excitation coils are parallel.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the coil axes of at least two excitation coils are non-concentric.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of excitation coils includes four co-planar excitation coils.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the alternating electrical signal for each coil is non-sinusoidal.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of excitation coils include four side-by-side excitation coils each having straight sides parallel to at least one side of two other of the excitation coils.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of excitation coils includes at least two co-planar excitation coils.

9. The system of claim 1 wherein the excitation coils are mounted on a substantially planar substrate.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein the excitation coils include first and second excitation coils, the first excitation coil being configured to receive an alternating electrical signal with a first selected phase to generate a first magnetic field, and the second excitation coil being configured to receive an alternating electrical signal with the first selected phase to generate a second magnetic field to combine with the first magnetic field to generate a first shaped excitation field, and the second excitation coil being configured to receive an alternating electrical signal with a second selected phase substantially different from the first selected phase to form a third magnetic field that combines with the first magnetic field to form a second excitation field with different spatial characteristics than the first excitation field.

11. A method of exciting a leadless marker assembly, comprising:

directing alternating electrical signals that have independently adjustable phase through a plurality of excitation coils;

generating a plurality of magnetic fields from the plurality of excitation coils;

combining the magnetic fields to form a spatially adjustable excitation field; and

energizing a leadless resonating marker assembly within the spatially adjustable excitation field.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the alternating electrical signals are a non-sinusoidal waveform having both a positive and negative polarity.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

measuring a marker signal after the alternating electrical signals have been terminated.

14. The method of claim 11 further comprising:

terminating the alternating electrical signals while the resonating marker assembly is energized; and

receiving a marker signal at a plurality of sensors while the alternating electrical signals are terminated.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

using a pulse extinguisher circuit coupled to a switching network and configured to reduce the time constant of a residual source signal decay.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the marker signal has a resonant frequency, and terminating the alternating electrical signals include turning off electrical voltage at a selected time so that substantially no electrical current reaches the excitation coils within one cycle or less of the marker signal at the resonant frequency.

17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

adjusting a pulse waveform of the magnetic fields to excite markers of different resonant frequencies.

18. A system for generating a pulsed excitation field for excitation of a lead less marker assembly, comprising:

a high voltage capacitor;

a source coil having a programmable frequency configured to deliver a pulsed magnetic excitation signal to the leadless marker assembly; and

a switching network coupled to the high voltage capacitor and the source coil, wherein the switching network is configured to redirect a continuous flow of energy from the high voltage capacitor to the source coil and from the source coil back to the high voltage capacitor.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein the pulsed magnetic excitation field source signal has a generally triangular-shaped bipolar waveform having a positive and negative polarity.

20. The system of claim 18 wherein the pulsed magnetic excitation signal has a generally triangular-shaped unipolar waveform having only a single polarity.

21. The system of claim 18 wherein the pulsed magnetic excitation signal has a non-sinusoidal waveform having a positive and negative polarity.

22. The system of claim 18 wherein the switching network includes at least two switches configured to switch voltage across the source coil between a positive voltage polarity and a negative voltage polarity.

23. The system of claim 18 wherein the switching network is configured to move to the off position when electrical current in the switching network is at approximately zero amps.

24. The system of claim 18, further comprising a leadless resonating marker remote from the source coil, and being excitable by the pulsed magnetic excitation signal to generate a marker resonant signal with selected frequency components.

25. The system of claim 18 wherein the switching network is configured to substantially prevent the source coil from generating any excitation signal within one cycle or less of the marker resonant signal.

26. The system of claim 25, further comprising a plurality of sensors configured to measure signals from the leadless marker assembly upon excitation by the pulsed magnetic excitation signal.

27. The system of claim 18, further comprising a pulse extinguisher circuit coupled to the switching network and configured to reduce the time constant of the residual source signal decay of the pulsed magnetic excitation signal.

28. The system of claim 18 wherein the pulsed magnetic excitation signal is a programmable pulse burst duration magnetic excitation signal.

29. The system of claim 18 wherein the pulsed magnetic excitation signal is a programmable pulse repetition frequency magnetic excitation signal.

30. The system of claim 18 wherein the switching network and the source coil are a first switch network and first source coil, respectively, that generate a first source signal in a first spatial orientation, and further comprising a second switch network and a second source coil that generate a second source signal in a second spatial orientation different than the first spatial orientation.

31. The system of claim 30, further including a third switch network and third source coil that generate a third source signal in a third spatial orientation different than the first and second spatial orientations.