BRDF analyzer

• US 7,177,026 B2
• Filed: 09/19/2003
• Issued: 02/13/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 07/17/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: New York University
• Original Assignee: New York University
• Inventors: Perlin, Kenneth
• Primary Examiner(s): Toatley, Jr.; Gregory J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MERLINO, AMANDA H
• Application Number:
  US10/665,804
• Publication Number:
  US 20040061784A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,243 Days
• Field of Search: 356445-446
• US Class Current: 356/446
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/4711 Multiangle measurement
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/556 Measuring separately scattering and specular
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/55 Specular reflectivity
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0221 Portable; cableless; compact; hand-held
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/062 LED's

Abstract

An apparatus for determining a bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a subject. The apparatus includes a light source for producing light. The apparatus includes sensing means for sensing the light. The apparatus includes means for focusing the light between the light source and the sensing means and the subject. The apparatus includes a computer connected to the sensing means for measuring the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of the subject from the light sensed by the sensing means. The apparatus can include only one CCD camera for sensing the light. The apparatus can include means for taking sub-measurements of the subject with light from the light source without any physical movement between sub-measurements. A method for determining a bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a subject.

Claims

1. An apparatus for determining one or more values of a bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a subject comprising:

sensing means for sensing light;

means for focusing the light between the sensing means and the subject; and

a computer connected to the sensing means for measuring one or more values of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a plurality of locations of the subject simultaneously from the light sensed by the sensing means.

2. An apparatus as described in claim 1 including a light source for producing light.

3. An apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein the sensing means includes a light absorbing wall which absorbs unwanted light from the light source.

4. An apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein the light source has multiple individually addressable light elements.

5. An apparatus as described in claim 4 wherein the light source includes an array of LEDs.

6. An apparatus as described in claim 5 wherein the computer causes the lights in the LED array to turn on in sequence, with light from each LED taking a sub-measurement of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function.

7. An apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein the focusing means includes reflecting surfaces through which light from the light source passes, reflecting zero or more times off of the reflecting surfaces.

8. An apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein the sensing means includes an image sensing device for sensing light of the subject that has passed though the focusing means.

9. An apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the reflecting surfaces are mirrors.

10. An apparatus as described in claim 9 wherein the focusing means includes a hollow tube lined with the mirrors.

11. An apparatus as described in claim 10 wherein the focusing means includes a half silvered mirror which directs light from the light source to the hollow tube and light from the hollow tube to the image sensing device.

12. An apparatus as described in claim 11 wherein the focusing means includes a magnifying lens system for directing the light to the hollow tube.

13. An apparatus as described in claim 10 wherein the hollow tube has slanted walls.

14. An apparatus as described in claim 10 wherein the tube has a profile that is larger at its top end and is smaller at the bottom end.

15. An apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the imaging sensing device includes a CCD camera.

16. An apparatus as described in claim 15 wherein the tube has a square profile.

17. A method for determining one or more values of a bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a subject comprising the steps of:

placing an optically hollow structure adjacent to the subject;

producing light;

reflecting the light at various angles from the subject through the hollow structure; and

measuring the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a plurality of locations of the subject simultaneously from the reflected light.

18. A method as described in claim 17 wherein the producing step includes the step of triggering light sequentially from each LED from an array of LEDs, the computer in communication with the LEDs.

19. A method as described in claim 18 wherein the reflecting step includes the step reflecting light off of mirrors in the hollow structure.

20. A method as described in claim 19 wherein the reflecting step includes the steps of reflecting light off a right wall of the hollow structure, reflecting the light off a left wall of the structure, striking the surface with a light, reflecting light off the left wall, reflecting the light off the right wall, passing the light through the lens, traveling the light through the half-silvered mirror, and impinging the light on the CCD camera.

21. A method as described in claim 20 wherein the reflecting step includes the step reflecting the light from a half silvered mirror to the hollow structure.

22. A method as described in claim 21 wherein the reflecting step includes the step of imaging light from the LEDs with a magnifying lens system onto the surface through the hollow structure.

23. A method as described in claim 22 wherein the reflecting step includes the step of reflecting light off of the first wall of a hollow structure.

24. An apparatus for determining one or more values of a bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a subject comprising:

a light source for producing light;

only one CCD camera for sensing the light;

means for focusing the light between the light source and the sensing means and the subject; and

a computer connected to the CCD camera for measuring one or more values of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a plurality of locations of the subject simultaneously from the light sensed by the sensing means.

25. An apparatus as described in claim 24 wherein the light source includes an array of LEDs.

26. An apparatus as described in claim 25 wherein the computer causes one or more of the lights in the LED array to illuminate, and taking a sub-measurement of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function using at least in Dart the light of the one or more illuminated LEDs.

27. An apparatus as described in claim 26 wherein the one or more LEDs are lit in a sequence.

28. An apparatus for determining one or more values of a bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a subject comprising:

a light source for producing light;

means for taking sub-measurements of the subject with light from the light source without any physical movement between sub-measurements; and

a computer connected to the taking means for measuring one or more values of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of a plurality of locations of the subject simultaneously from the light sensed by the taking means.

29. An apparatus as described in claim 28 wherein the light source includes an array of LEDs.

30. An apparatus as described in claim 29 wherein the computer causes one or more of the lights in the LED array to illuminate, and taking a sub-measurement of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function using at least in part the light of the one or more illuminated LEDs.

31. An apparatus as described in claim 30 wherein the one or more LEDs are lit in a sequence.

32. An apparatus for determining one or more values of a bidirectional reflectance function of a subject comprising:

a reflector consisting of a plurality of light reflecting surfaces;

a sensor for sensing light from the reflector; and

a processor connected to the sensor for determining one or more values of a bidirectional distribution function of a plurality of locations of the subject simultaneously based at least in part on light sensed by the sensor.

33. AN apparatus as described in claim 32 wherein the reflecting surfaces are slanted.

34. An apparatus as described in claim 32 including a light source which at least in part illuminates the reflector.