Power failure detection and correction in a flash memory device

• US 7,178,061 B2
• Filed: 11/21/2002
• Issued: 02/13/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 02/27/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Kalkman, John, Aasheim, Jered Donald, Yang, Yongqi
• Primary Examiner(s): Beausoliel; Robert
• Assistant Examiner(s): MCCARTHY, CHRISTOPHER S
• Application Number:
  US10/301,535
• Publication Number:
  US 20040078666A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,545 Days
• Field of Search: 714/14, 714/24, 714/36, 711/103
• US Class Current: 714/24
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1435 using file system or storage system metadata
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1441 Resetting or repowering
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1471 involving logging of persistent data for recovery
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1474 in transactions G06F16/20 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0246 in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/10 File systems; File servers
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7201 Logical to physical mapping or translation of blocks or pages
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/7207 management of metadata or control data
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0619 in relation to data integrity, e.g. data losses, bit errors
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0643 Management of files
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0679 Non-volatile semiconductor memory device, e.g. flash memory, one time programmable memory [OTP]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 10/00 Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99953 Recoverability
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99955 Archiving or backup

Abstract

A transactional file system developed to function with flash memory is described. The file system performs power-failure detection and ensures data integrity in the event of a power failure. In one described implementation, a power failure event can be detected by a file system, components of the file system, or individual modules in the form or computer-executable instructions and/or logic. Meta-information is stored at a location on a flash medium indicated by a write pointer if a computer device shuts-down according to a normal shutdown mode. During initialization of the computer, a check is performed whether the meta-information is present in the location on the flash medium indicated by the write pointer. If the meta-information is present, then a conclusion is made that the computer shutdown according to the normal shutdown mode.

Claims

1. A system for ensuring data integrity in a flash medium, comprising:

a write pointer configured to advance through a circular sequence of memory locations in the flash medium indicating a memory location that is free to receive data as the write pointer advances; and

a power failure manager configured to store metadata in the memory location indicated by the write pointer after completion of a write operation, wherein the power failure manager is further configured to (i) search the memory location indicated by the write pointer for the metadata when the system is initialized;

(ii) conclude that a power-failure event occurred if the metadata is not found; and

(iii) mark the memory location indicated by the write pointer dirty.

2. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the metadata is a bit in the memory location that is marked active at completion of the write operation.

3. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the write pointer and power failure manager are components of a file system.

4. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the memory locations are physical sector addresses.

5. The system as recited in claim 1, wherein the write pointer contains at least one counter that is incremented to advance the write pointer at least one memory location at a time at completion of a write operation.

6. The system as recited in claim 1, further comprising a sector manager that maintains the write pointer and provides a next memory location address to store data, upon receiving a write request.

7. A file system, comprising:

a sector manager, configured to organize a flash memory medium as if memory locations of the flash memory form a continuous circle, wherein the lowest and highest memory locations are contiguous;

the sector manager comprising a write pointer that indicates a memory location that is free to receive new data, the write pointer configured to advance though the continuous circle a memory location at a time as data is written to the flash memory medium; and

a power failure manager configured to store data valid information in each memory location indicated by the write pointer at completion of writing data into each memory location, wherein the power failure manager is further configured to (i) search the memory location indicated by the write pointer for the data valid information when the file system is initialized; and

(ii) mark the memory location dirty, if the data valid information is not found.

8. The file system as recited in claim 7, wherein the memory locations are physical sector addresses.

9. The file system as recited in claim 7, wherein the memory locations are physical sector addresses and the write pointer advances at least a physical sector address each time data is written on the flash memory medium.

10. The file system as recited in claim 7, wherein the sector manager contains at least one counter that is incremented to advance the write pointer from the lowest memory location to the highest memory location and repeat counting once the highest memory location is reached.

11. The file system as recited in claim 7, wherein the sector manager contains at least one counter that is decremented to advance the write pointer from the highest memory location to the lowest memory location and repeat decrementing once the lowest memory location is reached.

12. In a computer having a flash medium, a method for maintaining data integrity in the event of a power failure, comprising:

maintaining a write pointer to advance through a circular sequence of memory locations in the flash medium indicating a memory location that is available to receive data as the write pointer advances;

writing data into the memory location indicated by the write pointer;

writing metadata into the memory location indicated by the write pointer if the writing of data into the memory location is completed;

searching the memory location indicated by the write pointer to determine whether the metadata exists in the memory location upon initializing the computer; and

marking the memory location indicated by the write pointer dirty, if the metadata is does not exist in the memory location.

13. The method as recited in claim 12, further comprising:

concluding that a power-failure event occurred to the computer prior to completing the writing of data, if the metadata is not found by the searching.

14. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the metadata is a bit in the memory location that is marked active each time writing of data into a memory location is completed and remains inactive each time the writing of data into a memory location is interrupted by a power-failure event.

15. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the memory locations are physical sector addresses.

16. One or more computer-readable media comprising computer executable instructions that, when executed, direct a computer to:

organize a flash memory medium as if memory locations of the flash memory form a continuous circle, wherein the lowest and highest memory locations are contiguous;

maintain a write pointer to indicate a memory location that is free to receive new data, the write pointer configured to advance through the continuous circle a of memory locations as data is written to the flash memory medium; and

store meta-information in each memory location indicated by the write pointer at completion of a write operation to the memory location indicated by the write pointer;

search the memory location indicated by the write pointer when the file system is initialized to ascertain whether the meta-information exists in the memory location;

conclude that a power-failure event occurred, if the meta-information is not found in the memory location; and

mark the memory location indicated by the write pointer dirty if a power-failure event is concluded.

17. One or more computer-readable media as recited in claim 16, wherein the memory locations are physical sector addresses.

18. A computer, comprising:

one or more processors and a file system, the file system comprising;

a sector manager, configured to organize a flash memory medium as if memory locations of the flash memory form a continuous circle, wherein the lowest and highest memory locations are contiguous;

the sector manager comprising a write pointer that indicates a memory location that is free to receive new data, the write pointer configured to advance through the continuous circle of a memory locations as data is written on the flash memory medium; and

a power failure manager configured to store a data valid bit in each memory location indicated by the write pointer at completion of writing data to the memory location indicated by the write pointer, wherein the power failure manager is further configured to (i) search the memory location indicated by the write pointer when the file system is initialized to ascertain whether the data valid bit exists in the memory location;

(ii) conclude that a power-failure event occurred, if the data valid bit is not found in the memory location; and

(iii) mark the memory location dirty if the power-failure event occurred.