Phase modulation in RF tag

• US 7,180,402 B2
• Filed: 08/27/2004
• Issued: 02/20/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 06/06/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Original Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Inventors: Carrender, Curtis Lee, Gilbert, Ronald W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Garber; Wendy R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, NAM V
• Application Number:
  US10/928,712
• Publication Number:
  US 20050083179A1
• Time in Patent Office: 907 Days
• Field of Search: 340/10.1, 340 104- 105, 340/572.1, 343 44- 45, 343/42, 343/51, 343/860, 370/278, 370/480, 370/282, 370/313, 342/42, 342/44
• US Class Current: 340/10.1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs

Abstract

A radio frequency (RF) communication system employs phase-modulated backscatter signals for RF communication from an RF tag to an interrogator. The interrogator transmits a continuous wave interrogation signal to the RF tag, which based on an information code stored in a memory, phase-modulates the interrogation signal to produce a backscatter response signal that is transmitted back to the interrogator. A phase modulator structure in the RF tag may include a switch coupled between an antenna and a quarter-wavelength stub; and a driver coupled between the memory and a control terminal of the switch. The driver is structured to produce a modulating signal corresponding to the information code, the modulating signal alternately opening and closing the switch to respectively decrease and increase the transmission path taken by the interrogation signal and thereby modulate the phase of the response signal. Alternatively, the phase modulator may include a diode coupled between the antenna and driver. The modulating signal from the driver modulates the capacitance of the diode, which modulates the phase of the response signal reflected by the diode and antenna.

Claims

1. A radio frequency transponder, comprising:

an antenna to receive an interrogation signal;

a memory to store an information code; and

a phase modulator having;

a first diode having first and second ends, the second end coupled to the antenna;

a second diode having first and second ends, the first end coupled to the antenna and the second end of the first diode;

a stub coupled to the second end of the second diode;

a parallel RC circuit coupled between the stub and a reference voltage; and

a driver coupled between the memory and the first end of the first diode, the driver structured to produce a modulating signal corresponding to the information code, the transponder configured to return a backscatter response signal having a substantially constant power level.

2. A radio frequency transponder, comprising:

an antenna to receive an interrogation signal;

a memory that stores an information code; and

a phase modulator structured to produce a response signal having a substantially constant power level according to the information code, the response signal containing a plurality of phases in addition to a phase that is substantially identical to a phase of the interrogation signal, wherein the phase modulator includes first and second phase changers that produce in the response signal respective first and second phases that are each different than a phase of the interrogation signal.

3. The transponder of claim 2 wherein the phase modulator further includes a third phase changer that produces in the response signal a third phase that is different than the phase of the interrogation signal, each of the phase changers including a switch coupled between the antenna and a stub.

4. A radio frequency communications system, comprising:

an interrogator to transmit a radio frequency interrogation signal and to receive a backscatter response signal; and

a transponder to return a phase-modulated response signal having a substantially constant power level, the transponder comprising;

an antenna to receive the interrogation signal and to transmit the response signal;

a first diode having an anode and a cathode, the cathode of the first diode coupled to the antenna;

a second diode having an anode and a cathode, the anode of the second diode coupled to the antenna and to the cathode of the of the first diode;

a quarter-wavelength stub coupled to the cathode of the second diode;

a parallel RC circuit coupled between the stub and a reference voltage; and

a driver coupled between the memory and the anode of the first diode, the driver structured to produce a modulating signal corresponding to the information code.

5. A radio frequency communication system, comprising:

an interrogator to transmit a radio frequency interrogation signal; and

a transponder to receive the interrogation signal and to return a response signal having a substantially constant power level, the transponder comprising;

a memory that stores an information code; and

a phase modulator structured to include in the response signal a plurality of phases in addition to a phase that is substantially identical to a phase of the interrogation signal, wherein the phase modulator includes first and second phase changers that produce in the response signal respective first and second phases that are each different than a phase of the interrogation signal.

6. The communication system of claim 5 wherein the transponder includes an antenna that receives the interrogation signal and returns the response signal and the phase modulator further includes a third phase changer that produces in the response signal a third phase that is different than the phase of the interrogation signal, each of the phase changers include a switch coupled between the antenna and a stub.

7. A radio frequency transponder, comprising:

means for receiving a radio frequency interrogation signal from an interrogator;

means for phase modulating the interrogation signal according to an information code to produce a response signal;

means for returning the response signal, wherein the phase modulating means includes driver means for producing and applying to a variable impedance means a modulating signal corresponding to the information code, the modulating signal comprising a variable voltage that modulates an impedance of the variable impedance means to phase modulate the interrogation signal and thereby produce the response signal, the variable impedance means coupled between the driver means and the means for transmitting the response signal, the variable impedance means comprising;

a first diode coupled to the transmitting means;

a second diode coupled to the transmitting means and the first diode;

a quarter-wavelength stub coupled to the second diode;

a parallel RC circuit coupled between the stub and a reference voltage; and

a driver means coupled to the first diode, the driver means for producing and applying to the first diode a modulating signal corresponding to the information code.

8. A radio frequency transponder, comprising:

means for receiving a radio frequency interrogation signal from an interrogator;

means for phase modulating the interrogation signal according to an information code to produce a response signal; and

means for returning the response signal, wherein the phase modulating means include first, second and third phase changers that produce in the response signal respective first, second and third phases that are each different than a phase of the interrogation signal.

9. The transponder of claim 8 wherein each of the phase changers comprise a switch coupled between the antenna and a stub.

10. The radio frequency transponder of claim 8 wherein the means for phase modulating the interrogation signal according to an information code to produce a response signal is configured to product a response signal of a substantially constant power level.