Membrane based fluid treatment systems
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A process for treating a fluid stream containing soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic chemical contaminants, microbiological contaminants, or combinations thereof to reduce the concentration of these contaminants comprising:
- passing the fluid stream through a pretreatment module to reduce both soluble and insoluble contaminants and to convert soluble contaminants into other forms present therein, the pretreatment module including a filtering medium which comprises bone charcoal or bauxite;
recovering from the pretreatment module a treated stream;
passing the treated stream through a membrane module to remove additional insoluble and soluble chemical and microbiological contaminants present therein; and
recovering from the membrane module a membrane permeate,wherein at least one of the contaminants removed by the process is a manganese containing oxidizer or a peroxide containing oxidizer.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A process for removing soluble and insoluble inorganic, organic, and microbiological contaminants from a fluid stream employing a pretreatment module, a post-treatment module, a recycle stream module or any combination thereof, and a membrane module, is provided. The process provided reduces the problems associated with membrane fouling and increases contaminant removal capacity.
174 Citations
64 Claims
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1. A process for treating a fluid stream containing soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic chemical contaminants, microbiological contaminants, or combinations thereof to reduce the concentration of these contaminants comprising:
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passing the fluid stream through a pretreatment module to reduce both soluble and insoluble contaminants and to convert soluble contaminants into other forms present therein, the pretreatment module including a filtering medium which comprises bone charcoal or bauxite; recovering from the pretreatment module a treated stream; passing the treated stream through a membrane module to remove additional insoluble and soluble chemical and microbiological contaminants present therein; and recovering from the membrane module a membrane permeate, wherein at least one of the contaminants removed by the process is a manganese containing oxidizer or a peroxide containing oxidizer.
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2. A process for treating a fluid stream containing soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic chemical contaminants, microbiological contaminants, or combinations thereof to reduce the concentration of these contaminants comprising:
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passing the fluid stream through a pretreatment module to reduce both soluble and insoluble contaminants and to convert soluble contaminants into other forms present therein, the pretreatment module including a filtering medium which comprises bone charcoal or bauxite; recovering from the pretreatment module a treated stream; passing the treated stream though a membrane module to remove additional insoluble and soluble chemical and microbiological contaminants present therein; and recovering from the membrane module a membrane permeate, wherein at least one of the contaminants reduced by the process is a sulfur containing compound or a hydrocarbon.
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3. A process for treating a fluid stream containing soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic chemical contaminants, microbiological contaminants, or combinations thereof to reduce the concentration of these contaminants comprising:
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passing the fluid stream through a pretreatment module to reduce both soluble and insoluble contaminants and to convert soluble contaminants into other forms present therein, the pretreatment module including a filtering medium which comprises bone charcoal or bauxite; recovering from the pretreatment module a treated stream; passing the treated stream through the membrane module to remove additional insoluble and soluble chemical and microbiological contaminants present therein; and recovering from the membrane module a membrane permeate, wherein at least one of the contaminants reduced by the process is hydrogen sulfide.
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4. A process for treating a fluid stream containing soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic chemical contaminants, microbiological contaminants, or combinations thereof to reduce the concentration of these contaminants comprising:
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passing the fluid stream through a pretreatment module to reduce both soluble and insoluble contaminants and to convert soluble contaminants into other forms present therein, the pretreatment module including a filtering medium which comprises rises bone charcoal or bauxite fixed within a binder matrix; recovering from the pretreatment module a treated stream; passing the treated stream though a membrane module to remove additional insoluble and soluble chemical and microbiological contaminants present therein; recovering from the membrane module a membrane permeate; and adjusting the pH of the fluid stream before the pretreatment module.
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5. A process for treating a fluid stream containing soluble and insoluble inorganic and organic chemical contaminants, microbiological contaminants, or combinations thereof to reduce the concentration of these contaminants comprising:
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passing the fluid stream through a pretreatment module to reduce both soluble and insoluble contaminants and to convert soluble contaminants into other forms present therein, the pretreatment module including a filtering medium which comprises bone charcoal or bauxite; recovering from the pretreatment module a treated stream; passing the treated stream through a membrane module to remove additional insoluble and soluble chemical and microbiological contaminants present therein; and recovering from the membrane module a membrane permeate, wherein at least one of the contaminants are reduced by the pretreatment module to an oxidation state to effectuate removal of said at least one of the contaminants by the membrane module; and wherein (i) the contaminant removed is a chlorine-containing oxidizer, a manganese-containing oxidizer, or a peroxide-containing oxidizer, or (ii) the contaminant reduced is a sulfur-containing compound or a hydrocarbon. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60)
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61. A process for treating a fluid stream containing soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic chemical contaminants, microbiological contaminants, or combinations thereof to reduce the concentration of these contaminants comprising:
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passing the fluid stream through a pretreatment module to reduce both soluble and insoluble contaminants and to convert soluble contaminants into other forms present therein, the pretreatment module including a filtering medium which comprises bone charcoal, bauxite, or one or more components of bone charcoal or bauxite; recovering from the pretreatment module a treated stream; passing the treated stream through a membrane module to remove additional insoluble and soluble chemical and microbiological contaminants present therein; and recovering from the membrane module a membrane permeate, wherein at least one of the contaminants are reduced by the pretreatment module to an oxidation state to effectuate removal of said at least one of the contaminants by the membrane module; and wherein the pretreatment module further includes a calcium phosphate, a calcium carbonate, at least one component of phosphate rock, a manganese-containing silicate, an iron phosphate, an iron carbonate, an iron silicate, a zirconium phosphate, a copper metal, an alloy of copper metal, an iron metal, an alloy of iron metal, or a combination thereof.
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62. A process for treating a fluid stream containing soluble and insoluble organic and inorganic chemical contaminants, microbiological contaminants, or combinations thereof to reduce the concentration of these contaminants comprising:
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passing the fluid stream through a pretreatment module to reduce both soluble and insoluble contaminants and to convert soluble contaminants into other forms present therein, the pretreatment module including a filtering medium which comprises bone charcoal or bauxite fixed within binder matrix; recovering from the pretreatment module a treated stream; passing the treated stream through a membrane module to remove additional insoluble and soluble chemical and microbiological contaminants present therein; and recovering from the membrane module a membrane permeate, wherein at least one of the contaminants are reduced by the pretreatment module to an oxidation state to effectuate removal of said at least one of the contaminants by the membrane module; and wherein the pretreatment module contains a prefilter sheet material. - View Dependent Claims (63, 64)
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Specification