Computers making financial analysis output having property valuations

• US 7,203,661 B1
• Filed: 08/14/1998
• Issued: 04/10/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 10/28/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Graff/Ross Holdings LLP
• Original Assignee: Graff/Ross Holdings LLP
• Inventors: Graff, Richard A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Rosen; Nicholas D.
• Application Number:
  US09/134,453
• Time in Patent Office: 3,161 Days
• Field of Search: 705/36, 705/35, 705/31, 705/38, 705/4, 705/30, 705/37, 705/36.R, 705/36.T, 705/40
• US Class Current: 705/36.00R
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 40/00 Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 40/03 Credit; Loans; Processing thereof
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 40/06 Asset management; Financial planning or analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 40/123 Tax preparation or submission

Abstract

A computer system, and methods for making and using it, for manipulating digital electrical signals to produce an illustration of a decomposition of property into separately valued components. The computer system includes a digital electrical computer controlled by a processor. There is a first logic means controlling the processor in manipulating digital electrical signals representing input data to the computer, the input data characterizing at least two components decomposed from the property, the manipulating including transforming the digital electrical signals into modified digital electrical signals representing respective values for each of the components, the values being computed to reflect taxation for the components. Input means is coupled to the computer and operable for converting the input data into the digital electrical signals and communicating the digital electrical signals to the computer. Output means is coupled to receive the modified digital electrical signals from the computer and to converting the modified digital electrical signals representing the respective values into an illustration of the computed respective prices. The property can be real estate or tax-exempt securities.

Claims

1. A method for making a second financial analysis output having a second computed market-based valuation for property, the financial analysis output being made by steps including:

controlling a digital electrical computer processor to manipulate electrical signals in generating a market-based valuation for the property, wherein the property is from a group consisting of a tax-exempt security and a portfolio of tax-exempt securities, the market-based valuation reflecting at least one from a group consisting of expected return under a performance scenario, a price, and a quantitative description of risk, as part of a financial analysis output;

electronically communicating at least some of the financial analysis output as input to a second digital electrical computer having a second programmed processor, the second digital electrical computer storing the input in memory accessible to the second programmed processor;

generating the second market-based valuation reflecting computation of a current market-based yield/discount rate for the property with the second digital electrical computer and the input; and

generating the second financial analysis output, including the second market-based valuation, at an output means electrically connected to said second digital electrical computer.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

5. A method for making a second financial analysis output including a second computed market-based valuation for property, the method including the steps of:

controlling a digital electrical computer processor to manipulate electrical signals in generating a market-based valuation for the property, not including any securities, the market-based valuation reflecting at least one from a group consisting of expected return under a performance scenario, a price, and a quantitative description of risk, as part of a financial analysis output;

electronically communicating at least some of the financial analysis output as input to a second digital electrical computer having a programmed processor, the second digital electrical computer storing the input in memory accessible to the programmed processor corresponding to the second digital electrical computer;

generating the second market-based valuation for the property with the second digital electrical computer and the input; and

generating the second financial analysis output, including the second market-based valuation, at an output device electrically connected to said second digital electrical computer.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

9. A method for making a second financial analysis output having a second computed market-based valuation for property, the financial analysis output being made by steps including:

controlling a digital electrical computer processor to manipulate electrical signals in generating a market-based valuation for the property, wherein the properly is from a group consisting of a fixed-income asset and a portfolio of fixed-income assets, the market-based valuation reflecting at least one from a group consisting of expected return under a performance scenario, a price, and a quantitative description of risk, as part of a financial analysis output;

electronically communicating at least some of the financial analysis output as input to a second digital electrical computer having a second programmed processor, the second digital electrical computer storing the input in memory accessible to the second programmed processor;

generating the second market-based valuation reflecting computation of a current market-based yield/discount rate for the property with the second digital electrical computer and the input; and

generating the second financial analysis output, including the second market-based valuation, at an output means electrically connected to said second digital electrical computer.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with corporate debt as at least one of said fixed-income assets.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with a security for debt as at least one of said fixed-income assets.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with corporate debt as the debt.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

21. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

22. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with a Treasury security as at least one of said fixed-income assets.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

26. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with a tax-exempt security as at least one of said fixed-income assets.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

29. The method of claim 26, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

30. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

31. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

32. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

33. A method for making a second financial analysis output having a second computed market-based valuation for property, the financial analysis output being made by steps including:

controlling a digital electrical computer processor to manipulate electrical signals in generating a market-based valuation for the property wherein the property is a fixed-income asset, the market-based valuation reflecting at least one from a group consisting of expected return under a performance scenario, a price, and a quantitative description of risk, as part of a financial analysis output;

electronically communicating at least some of the financial analysis output as input to a second digital electrical computer having a second programmed processor, the second digital electrical computer storing the input in memory accessible to the second programmed processor;

generating the second market-based valuation reflecting computation of a current market-based yield/discount rate for the property with the second digital electrical computer and the input; and

generating the second financial analysis output, including the second market-based valuation, at an output means electrically connected to said second digital electrical computer.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with a corporate debt as the fixed-income asset.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

36. The method of claim 34, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

37. The method of claim 34, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

38. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with security for debt as the fixed-income asset.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with corporate debt as the debt.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

41. The method of claim 39, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

42. The method of claim 39, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

43. The method of claim 38, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

44. The method of claim 38, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

45. The method of claim 38, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

46. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with a Treasury security as the fixed-income asset.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

48. The method of claim 46, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

49. The method of claim 46, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

50. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with a tax-exempt security as the fixed-income asset.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

52. The method of claim 50, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with market-based valuation reflecting the price.

53. The method of claim 50, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

54. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

55. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the price.

56. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the market-based valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

57. A method for making financial analysis output including an offering document having a system-determined purchase price for property in consummating a sale, the financial analysis output being made by steps including:

converting input data representing the property, including at least one security, into input digital electrical signals representing the input data;

providing a digital electrical computer system controlled by a processor electrically connected to receive said input digital electrical signals and electrically connected to an output means;

controlling the digital electrical computer processor to manipulate electrical signals to compute the system-determined purchase price for the property in consummating a sale; and

generating the financial analysis output including the offering document at said output means.

58. A method for making financial analysis output including an offering document having a system-determined purchase price for property in consummating a sale, the financial analysis output being made by steps including:

converting input data representing the property, wherein the property includes a fixed-income asset, into input digital electrical signals representing the input data;

providing a digital electrical computer system controlled by a processor electrically connected to receive said input digital electrical signals and electrically connected to an output means;

controlling the digital electrical computer processor to manipulate electrical signals to compute the system-determined purchase price for the property in consummating a sale; and

generating the financial analysis output including the offering document at said output means.

59. The method of claim 58, wherein the step of converting is carried out with a corporate debt as the fixed-income asset.

60. The method of claim 58, wherein the step of converting is carried out with a security for debt as the fixed-income asset.

61. The method of claim 60, wherein the step of converting is carried out with corporate debt as the debt.

62. The method of claim 58, wherein the step of converting is carried out with a Treasury security as the fixed-income asset.

63. The method of claim 58, wherein the step of converting is carried out with a tax-exempt security as the fixed-income asset.

64. A method for making a financial analysis output having a system-determined purchase price for property in consummating a sale, the financial analysis output being made by steps including:

controlling a digital electrical computer processor to manipulate electrical signals in generating a market-based valuation for the property, the valuation reflecting at least one from a group consisting of expected return under a performance scenario, a price, and a quantitative description of risk, as part of a first financial analysis output;

electronically communicating at least some of the first financial analysis output including the valuation as input to a second digital electrical computer having a programmed processor, the second digital electrical computer storing the input in memory accessible to the programmed processor corresponding to the second digital electrical computer; and

generating, with the second digital electrical computer and the input, the financial analysis output having the system-determined purchase price for the property in consummating the sale.

65. The method of claim 64, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

66. The method of claim 65, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security for corporate debt as the property.

67. The method of claim 65, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for corporate debt as the property.

68. The method of claim 65, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for real estate as the property.

69. The method of claim 65, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for the property not including any securities.

70. The method of claim 65, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a fixed-income asset as the property.

71. The method of claim 65, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a tax-exempt fixed-income asset as the property.

72. The method of claim 65, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security as the property.

73. The method of claim 65, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a component of temporally decomposed property.

74. The method of claim 73, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

75. The method of claim 73, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

76. The method of claim 73, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

77. The method of claim 73, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

78. The method of claim 65, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a fractional interest in a component of temporally decomposed property.

79. The method of claim 78, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

80. The method of claim 78, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

81. The method of claim 78, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

82. The method of claim 78, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

83. The method of claim 64, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the valuation reflecting the price.

84. The method of claim 83, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security for corporate debt as the property.

85. The method of claim 83, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for corporate debt as the property.

86. The method of claim 83, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for real estate as the property.

87. The method of claim 83, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for the property not including any securities.

88. The method of claim 83, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a fixed-income asset as the property.

89. The method of claim 83, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a tax-exempt fixed-income asset as the property.

90. The method of claim 83, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security as the property.

91. The method of claim 83, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a component of temporally decomposed property.

92. The method of claim 91, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

93. The method of claim 91, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

94. The method of claim 91, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

95. The method of claim 91, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

96. The method of claim 83, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a fractional interest in a component of temporally decomposed property.

97. The method of claim 96, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

98. The method of claim 96, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

99. The method of claim 96, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

100. The method of claim 96, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

101. The method of claim 64, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

102. The method of claim 101, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security for corporate debt as the property.

103. The method of claim 101, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for corporate debt as the property.

104. The method of claim 101, wherein the controlling includes generating the

valuation for real estate as the property.

105. The method of claim 101, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for the property not including any securities.

106. The method of claim 101, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a fixed-income asset as the property.

107. The method of claim 101, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a tax-exempt fixed-income asset as the property.

108. The method of claim 101, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security as the property.

109. The method of claim 101, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a component of temporally decomposed property.

110. The method of claim 109, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

111. The method of claim 109, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

112. The method of claim 109, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

113. The method of claim 109, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

114. The method of claim 101, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a fractional interest in a component of temporally decomposed property.

115. The method of claim 114, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

116. The method of claim 114, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

117. The method of claim 114, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

118. The method of claim 114, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

119. The method of claim 64, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security for corporate debt as the property.

120. The method of claim 64, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for corporate debt as the property.

121. The method of claim 64, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for real estate as the property.

122. The method of claim 64, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for the property not including any securities.

123. The method of claim 64, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a fixed-income asset as the property.

124. The method of claim 64, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a tax-exempt fixed-income asset as the property.

125. The method of claim 64, wherein the controlling is carried out with a second member of the group, and wherein the members of the group consist of the price and the quantitative description of risk.

126. The method of claim 125, wherein the controlling is carried out with the valuation further reflecting a risk-free rate.

127. The method of claim 126, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security for corporate debt as the property.

128. The method of claim 126, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for corporate debt as the property.

129. The method of claim 126, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for real estate as the property.

130. The method of claim 126, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for the property not including any securities.

131. The method of claim 126, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a fixed-income asset as the property.

132. The method of claim 126, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a tax-exempt fixed-income asset as the property.

133. The method of claim 126, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security as the property.

134. The method of claim 126, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a component of temporally decomposed property.

135. The method of claim 134, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

136. The method of claim 134, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

137. The method of claim 134, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

138. The method of claim 134, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

139. The method of claim 126, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a fractional interest in a component of temporally decomposed property.

140. The method of claim 139, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

141. The method of claim 139, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

142. The method of claim 139, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

143. The method of claim 139, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

144. The method of claim 125, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security for corporate debt as the property.

145. The method of claim 125, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for corporate debt as the property.

146. The method of claim 125, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for real estate as the property.

147. The method of claim 125, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for the property not including any securities.

148. The method of claim 125, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a fixed-income asset as the property.

149. The method of claim 125, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a tax-exempt fixed-income asset as the property.

150. The method of claim 125, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security as the property.

151. The method of claim 125, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a component of temporally decomposed property.

152. The method of claim 151, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

153. The method of claim 151, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

154. The method of claim 151, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

155. The method of claim 151, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

156. The method of claim 125, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a fractional interest in a component of temporally decomposed property.

157. The method of claim 156, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

158. The method of claim 156, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

159. The method of claim 156, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

160. The method of claim 156, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

161. The method of claim 64, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security as the property.

162. The method of claim 64, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a component of temporally decomposed property.

163. The method of claim 162, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

164. The method of claim 162, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

165. The method of claim 162, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

166. The method of claim 162, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

167. The method of claim 64, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a fractional interest in a component of temporally decomposed property.

168. The method of claim 167, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a remainder interest.

169. The method of claim 167, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an equity interest in a remainder interest.

170. The method of claim 167, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as an estate for years interest.

171. The method of claim 167, wherein the controlling is carried out with the component as a term of years interest.

172. The method of any one of claims 64 to 143, wherein the consummating the sale includes consummating the sale through a financial exchange.

173. The method of any one of claims 64 to 133, wherein the controlling is carried out with the property as a component of an other property.

174. The method of claim 173 wherein the consummating the sale includes consummating the sale through a financial exchange.

175. A method for making a financial analysis output having a system-determined purchase price for tangible personal property in consummating a sale, the financial analysis output being made by steps including:

controlling a digital electrical computer processor to manipulate electrical signals in generating a market-based valuation for the tangible personal property, the valuation reflecting at least one from a group consisting of expected return under a performance scenario, a price, and a quantitative description of risk, as part of a first financial analysis output;

electronically communicating at least some of the first financial analysis output including the valuation as input to a second digital electrical computer having a programmed processor, the second digital electrical computer storing the input in memory accessible to the programmed processor corresponding to the second digital electrical computer; and

generating, with the second digital electrical computer and the input, the financial analysis output having the system-determined purchase price for the tangible personal property in consummating the sale.

176. The method of claim 175, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

177. The method of claim 175, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the valuation reflecting the price.

178. The method of claim 175, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

179. The method of claim 175, wherein the controlling is carried out with a second of the group consisting of expected return under a performance scenario, a price, and a quantitative description of risk.

180. The method of claim 179, wherein the controlling is carried out with the valuation further reflecting a risk-free rate.

181. A method for making a financial analysis output having a system-determined purchase price for property in consummating a sale, the financial analysis output being made by steps including:

controlling a digital electrical computer processor to manipulate electrical signals in generating a valuation for the property, the valuation reflecting at least one from a group consisting of expected return under a performance scenario, a price, and a quantitative description of risk, as part of a first financial analysis output;

electronically communicating at least some of the first financial analysis output as input to a second digital electrical computer having a programmed processor, the second digital electrical computer storing the input in memory accessible to the programmed processor corresponding to the second digital electrical computer; and

generating, with the second digital electrical computer and the input, the financial analysis output having the system-determined purchase price for the property in consummating the sale.

182. The method of claim 181, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the valuation reflecting the expected return under a performance scenario.

183. The method of claim 182, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security for corporate debt as the property.

184. The method of claim 182, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for corporate debt as the property.

185. The method of claim 182, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for tangible personal property as the property.

186. The method of claim 182, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for real estate as the property.

187. The method of claim 182, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for the property not including any securities.

188. The method of claim 182, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a fixed-income asset as the property.

189. The method of claim 182, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a tax-exempt fixed-income asset as the property.

190. The method of claim 181, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the valuation reflecting the price.

191. The method of claim 190, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security for corporate debt as the property.

192. The method of claim 190, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for corporate debt as the property.

193. The method of claim 190, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for tangible personal property as the property.

194. The method of claim 190, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for real estate as the property.

195. The method of claim 190, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for the property not including any securities.

196. The method of claim 190, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a fixed-income asset as the property.

197. The method of claim 190, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a tax-exempt fixed-income asset as the property.

198. The method of claim 181, wherein the step of controlling is carried out with the valuation reflecting the quantitative description of risk.

199. The method of claim 198, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security for corporate debt as the property.

200. The method of claim 198, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for corporate debt as the property.

201. The method of claim 198, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for tangible personal property as the property.

202. The method of claim 198, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for real estate as the property.

203. The method of claim 198, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for the property not including any securities.

204. The method of claim 198, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a fixed-income asset as the property.

205. The method of claim 198, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a tax-exempt fixed-income asset as the property.

206. The method of claim 181, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for at least one security for corporate debt as the property.

207. The method of claim 181, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for corporate debt as the property.

208. The method of claim 181, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for tangible personal property as the property.

209. The method of claim 181, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for real estate as the property.

210. The method of claim 181, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for the property not including any securities.

211. The method of claim 181, wherein the controlling includes genera the valuation for a fixed-income asset as the property.

212. The method of claim 181, wherein the controlling includes generating the valuation for a tax-exempt fixed-income asset as the property.