Method and apparatus for non-centralized network bandwidth management

• US 7,206,320 B2
• Filed: 12/16/2003
• Issued: 04/17/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 06/18/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sony Corporation (Sony Group Corp.), Sony Electronics Inc. (Sony Group Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Sony Corporation (Sony Group Corp.), Sony Electronics Inc. (Sony Group Corp.)
• Inventors: Iwamura, Ryuichi
• Primary Examiner(s): Rao; Seema S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mais; Mark A.
• Application Number:
  US10/738,056
• Publication Number:
  US 20040261101A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,218 Days
• Field of Search: 370/437, 370/445, 370/447, 370/448, 370458-462, 370485-490, 340/310.11, 340/310.12
• US Class Current: 370/448
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5441 Wireless systems or telephone
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/545 Audio/video application, e.g. interphone
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/542 the information being in digital form
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/40052 High-speed IEEE 1394 serial bus bus transfer protocol on a daisy chain bus using an embedded synchronisation G06F13/426
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/40065 Bandwidth and channel allocation home automation networks H04L12/2803; flow control H04L47/10
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/40084 Bus arbitration
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/6418 Hybrid transport
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/108 the cable being constituted by a pair of wires

Abstract

A system and method of providing distributed video and/or audio communication over a network, such as a power-line communications (PLC) network. By way of example, the network is divided into periodic cycles wherein each cycle comprises a number of time slots. The timing of the cycles is determined by a cycle master that assumes the position when it desires to send a transmission and is unable to detect valid cycles on the network. A portion of each cycle is reserved for the transmission of asynchronous data, the remainder being utilized for isochronous streams. Before transmitting a new stream a transmitter wins one or more open slots by arbitration, wherein the winner is selected based on the priority of the stream to be sent. Transmitters may obtain extra slots to improve quality, integrity, or security of the stream. The mechanisms of the invention are compatible with legacy CDMA devices.

Claims

1. A method of communicating video and/or audio streams between devices over a distributed network comprising:

generating cycle start signals over said network when cycle start signals are not detected;

wherein the period between two start cycles defines a cycle;

reserving portions of said cycle for isochronous communications;

generating dummy transmissions on unused isochronous time slots of said cycle to reserve the isochronous transmission bandwidth from use by asynchronous devices;

arbitrating for isochronous time slots, performed independently by each asynchronous transmitter, to obtain sufficient isochronous time slots for transmitting a stream; and

transmitting a stream using said isochronous time slots over said network for receipt by a recipient.

2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said cycle start signal is generated by a transmitter connected to said network thereby becoming the cycle master, when no other cycle master activity is detected.

3. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein upon generating a cycle start signal, if a signal collision is encountered or another signal is detected, the transmitter generating the cycle start signal halts generation of the cycle start signal and can reattempt generation only after a back-off time if no start signals generated by other transmitters are detected.

4. A method as recited in claim 3, wherein said back-off time is a random time value within given limits.

5. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein portions of said cycle are reserved for both isochronous transmissions and asynchronous communications.

6. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising enhancing stream signals automatically by using the dummy transmission within the reserved isochronous transmission bandwidth, to communicate data for enhancing quality, integrity or security of the communication.

7. A method as recited in claim 6, wherein said cycle master generates said dummy transmissions.

8. A method as recited in claim 6, wherein said dummy transmissions are generated at the lowest priority allowing the time slots to be readily obtained for transmitting new streams.

9. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said arbitrating comprises:

generating a time slot request in reference to the cycle start signals;

monitoring for higher priority requests for said time slot; and

obtaining said time slot for use if no higher priority requests are detected, or backing off from use and requesting a different time slot if higher priority requests are detected.

10. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said arbitrating for bandwidth to transmit data is compatible with legacy carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance CSMA/CA devices.

11. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising subdividing transmission priority levels by assigning each sequential active stream a progressively lower subpriority within the given priority level.

12. A method as recited in claim 11, wherein said subpriority is utilized during arbitrating for time slots to allow requesters with higher subpriorities within a given priority level to obtain the time slot.

13. A method as recited in claim 11, wherein said subpriority levels comprise sequential numerical values.

14. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising obtaining extra time slots by transmitting devices for increasing the quality, integrity, and/or security of a transmitted stream.

15. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising reducing the number of time slots utilized for transmitting a stream in response to an asynchronous request from a transmitter prepared to transmit a new stream over said network.

16. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein stream transmissions emanating from devices other than the cycle master are not interrupted in response to disconnection of said cycle master.

17. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein said network comprises a power-line communications (PLC) network.

18. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein communications over said power-line communications (PLC) network are encrypted.

19. A method as recited in claim 17, wherein said cycle start signal is synchronized to the 60 Hz cycle timing of a power-line.

20. A method as recited in claim 1 further comprising having an intended receiver of a transmission check the time slot prior to transmitting a stream on said time slot.

21. A method as recited in claim 20, wherein a time slot within said transmission cycle may be obtained by multiple transmitter-receiver pairs if sufficient attenuation between each transmitter-receiver pair exists to prevent excessive data errors.

22. A method of communicating video and/or audio streams between devices over a distributed power-line network, comprising:

generating cycle start signals over said network when cycle start signals are not detected;

wherein the period between two start signals defines a cycle;

wherein said cycle start signal is generated by a transmitter connected to said network thereby becoming the cycle master, when no other cycle master activity is detected;

reserving portions of said cycle for isochronous communications in response to an arbitration process of said cycle master;

arbitrating for isochronous time slots, performed independently by each asynchronous transmitter, to obtain sufficient isochronous time slots for transmitting a stream, by

(i) generating an isochronous time slot request in reference to the cycle start signals,

(ii) monitoring for higher priority requests for said isochronous time slot,

(iii) obtaining said isochronous time slot for use if no higher priority requests are detected, or backing off from use and requesting a different isochronous time slot if higher priority isochronous time slot requests are detected;

generating dummy transmissions on any unused isochronous time slots of said cycle to reserve the isochronous transmission bandwidth from use by asynchronous devices; and

transmitting a stream using said isochronous time slots over said network for receipt by a recipient.

23. A method as recited in claim 22, wherein upon generating a cycle start signal, if a signal collision is encountered or another signal is detected, the transmitter generating the cycle start signal halts generation of the cycle start signal and can reattempt generation only after a back-off time if no start signals generated by other transmitters are detected.

24. A method as recited in claim 22. wherein portions of said cycle are reserved for both isochronous transmissions and asynchronous communications.

25. A method as recited in claim 22, further comprising subdividing transmission priority levels by assigning each sequential active stream a progressively lower subpriority within the given priority level.

26. A method as recited in claim 25, wherein said subpriority is utilized during arbitrating for time slots to allow requesters with higher subpriorities within a given priority level to obtain the time slot.

27. A method as recited in claim 25, wherein said subpriority levels comprise sequential numerical values.

28. A method as recited in claim 22, wherein communications over said power-line communications (PLC) network are encrypted.

29. A method as recited in claim 22, wherein said cycle start signal is synchronized to the 60 Hz cycle timing of a power-line.