Electric vehicle motor and control system with high efficiency regeneration
First Claim
1. An electric vehicle motor and control system comprising:
- a vehicle, wheels connected to the vehicle, multiple permanent magnet motor/generators grouped together and drivingly connected to the wheels,electrical circuits connected to the motor/generators,batteries connected in series,sequentially selectable switches connected between the batteries and the circuits,directional current controllers connected to the switches and to the circuits for reducing transients of switching,series/parallel motor/generator switches in the circuits,wherein the motor/generators are connected in series for increased torque at low speeds and are switched to a parallel configuration for maximum speed as speed increases.
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Abstract
The present invention is an electric vehicle power system that uses multiple permanent magnet motor/generators connected in series or parallel and multiple battery step switching. Motor, torque and speed are controlled by steps in series connection and then in parallel connection. Smooth acceleration, regeneration and current control are provided by delaying stepping from one battery step to the next until the next step is fully engaged. Transients are limited to the effect of one battery step by using rectifier shunt switching. Multiple motors provide acceleration torque at low speed in series connections and at cruising speeds in parallel connection. Regenerative deceleration is provided in the opposite manner. Battery depletion is averaged by flipping ends of a battery bank. Controls are provided with normal foot controls and a speed setter. A separate deceleration pedal or lever may be used.
53 Citations
33 Claims
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1. An electric vehicle motor and control system comprising:
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a vehicle, wheels connected to the vehicle, multiple permanent magnet motor/generators grouped together and drivingly connected to the wheels, electrical circuits connected to the motor/generators, batteries connected in series, sequentially selectable switches connected between the batteries and the circuits, directional current controllers connected to the switches and to the circuits for reducing transients of switching, series/parallel motor/generator switches in the circuits, wherein the motor/generators are connected in series for increased torque at low speeds and are switched to a parallel configuration for maximum speed as speed increases. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. An electric vehicle motor and control method comprising:
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providing a vehicle, providing wheels mounted on the vehicle, providing permanent magnet motor/generators connected together and to the wheels, providing electrical circuits connected to the motor/generator, providing multiple batteries connected in series, providing switches between the batteries, selectively connecting the batteries to the circuits, connecting the motor/generators in series to the circuits, opening all of the switches between the batteries and the circuits, selectively connecting the one or more of the batteries to the circuits and to the motor/generators, accelerating the vehicle by closing subsequent sequential switches and maintaining directional connection of preceding switches until the subsequent switches fully pass current to the circuits, repeating steps from accelerating until all batteries are used during acceleration or a user indicates that acceleration should stop, opening the series connection of the motor/generators and connecting the motor/generators in parallel to the circuits. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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- 28. A vehicle electric drive system comprising a vehicle, wheels connected to the vehicle for supporting, moving and directing the vehicle, an electrical power source connected to the vehicle, multiple permanent magnet motor/regenerators mounted in the vehicle and connected to the wheels for moving the vehicle, wherein the power source further comprises a battery bank having multiple batteries and multiple step switches for selectively connecting multiple selected batteries of the battery bank to the power circuit, the step switches further comprising rectifiers connected between the batteries in the battery bank and the power circuit for continuing to provide power to the power circuit while a next step of the step switches closes to provide voltage change applied to the power circuit while reducing voltage change transients of switching to only one battery voltage value.
Specification