Closed loop brain machine interface
First Claim
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1. A real time closed loop brain-machine interface for restoring voluntary motor control and sensory feedback to a subject that has lost a degree of voluntary motor control and sensory feedback comprising:
- (a) an implantable microwire electrode array configured to be implantable into the subject'"'"'s brain and adapted to acquire one or more brain-derived neural signals directly from the subject'"'"'s brain;
(b) an implantable neurochip adapted to communicate with the implantable microwire array and to filter and amplify the one or more neural signals;
(c) a motor command extraction microchip adapted to communicate with the implantable neurochip and embodying one or more linear motor command extraction algorithms, the microchip and the algorithms adapted to extract motor commands from the brain-derived neural signals;
(d) an actuator adapted to communicate with the motor command extraction microchip and to move in response to the motor commands and to acquire sensory feedback information during and subsequent to a movement;
(e) a sensory feedback microchip embodying one or more sensory feed back information interpretation algorithms adapted to communicate with the actuator, the sensory feedback microchip adapted to form interpreted sensory feedback information;
(f) a structure adapted to communicate with the sensory feedback microchip and to wirelessly deliver interpreted sensory feedback information via electrical signals directly to the subject'"'"'s brain through the implantable microwire electrode; and
(g) one or more power sources adapted to provide power, as necessary, to one or more of the group comprising;
the implantable neurochip;
the motor command extraction microchip;
the actuator;
the sensory feedback microchip; and
the structure adapted to relay interpreted sensory feedback information to the subject.
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Abstract
A closed loop brain-machine interface is disclosed. The closed loop brain-machine interface translates one or more neural signals into a movement, or a series of movements, performed by a machine. The close-loop brain-machine interface also provides sensory feedback to the subject. Methods of employing the closed loop brain-machine interface are also disclosed.
214 Citations
62 Claims
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1. A real time closed loop brain-machine interface for restoring voluntary motor control and sensory feedback to a subject that has lost a degree of voluntary motor control and sensory feedback comprising:
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(a) an implantable microwire electrode array configured to be implantable into the subject'"'"'s brain and adapted to acquire one or more brain-derived neural signals directly from the subject'"'"'s brain; (b) an implantable neurochip adapted to communicate with the implantable microwire array and to filter and amplify the one or more neural signals; (c) a motor command extraction microchip adapted to communicate with the implantable neurochip and embodying one or more linear motor command extraction algorithms, the microchip and the algorithms adapted to extract motor commands from the brain-derived neural signals; (d) an actuator adapted to communicate with the motor command extraction microchip and to move in response to the motor commands and to acquire sensory feedback information during and subsequent to a movement; (e) a sensory feedback microchip embodying one or more sensory feed back information interpretation algorithms adapted to communicate with the actuator, the sensory feedback microchip adapted to form interpreted sensory feedback information; (f) a structure adapted to communicate with the sensory feedback microchip and to wirelessly deliver interpreted sensory feedback information via electrical signals directly to the subject'"'"'s brain through the implantable microwire electrode; and (g) one or more power sources adapted to provide power, as necessary, to one or more of the group comprising;
the implantable neurochip;
the motor command extraction microchip;
the actuator;
the sensory feedback microchip; and
the structure adapted to relay interpreted sensory feedback information to the subject. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A method of controlling an actuator adapted to provide sensory feedback to a subject by neural signals, the method comprising:
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(a) collecting a neural signal directly from the brain of a subject through the implantable electrode implanted in the subject'"'"'s brain; (b) processing the neural signal to form a processed neural signal; (c) extracting a motor command from the processed neural signal to form an extracted motor command, wherein the extracting employs a linear model; (e) transmitting the extracted motor command to an actuator, whereby the actuator effects a movement; (f) acquiring sensory feedback information from the actuator; (g) interpreting the sensory feedback information to form interpreted sensory feedback information; and (h) relaying the interpreted sensory feedback information wirelessly via electrical signals directly to the subject'"'"'s brain through the implantable electrode. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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39. A method of imparting voluntary motor control and sensory feedback to a subject that has lost a degree of voluntary motor control and sensory feedback, the method comprising:
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(a) implanting a neural signal acquisition apparatus in the subject'"'"'s brain; (b) fitting the subject with an actuator adapted to respond to neural signals with movement and to acquire sensory feedback; (c) collecting one or more neural signals directly from the brain of the subject; (d) extracting one or more motor commands from the acquired neural signals to form extracted motor commands, wherein the extracting employs a linear model; (e) transmitting the extracted motor commands to the actuator; (f) effecting a movement corresponding to the extracted motor commands; (g) acquiring sensory feedback information via the actuator; (h) interpreting the sensory feedback information to form interpreted sensory feedback information; and (i) relaying the interpreted sensory feedback information wirelessly via electrical signals directly to the subject'"'"'s brain through the neural signal acquisition apparatus, whereby voluntary motor control and sensory feedback is imparted to a subject that has lost a degree of voluntary motor control and sensory feedback. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62)
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Specification