Fractal counterpoise, groundplane, loads and resonators

• US 7,215,290 B2
• Filed: 03/27/2006
• Issued: 05/08/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 11/07/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fractal Antenna Systems Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nathan Cohen
• Inventors: Cohen, Nathan
• Primary Examiner(s): Wimer; Michael C.
• Application Number:
  US11/390,323
• Publication Number:
  US 20060164308A1
• Time in Patent Office: 407 Days
• Field of Search: 343/700.MS, 343/702, 343/792.5, 343/846, 343/848
• US Class Current: 343/702
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/243 with built-in antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/246 specially adapted for base stations
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/36 Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewithH01Q1/08, H01Q1/14 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/38 formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/44 using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna , e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspectH01Q1/27 - H01Q1/34 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/48 Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/0093 having a fractal shape
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/20 the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path slotted waveguide arrays H01Q21/005; circularly or helically slotted waveguides H01Q21/0062
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/205 providing an omnidirectional coverage turnstile aerials H01Q21/26
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/28 Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems multiple beam H01Q25/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/357 using a single feed point
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/371 Branching current paths
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/0407 Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna dipole H01Q9/285; monopole H01Q9/40
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/40 Element having extended radiating surface

Abstract

An antenna system includes a fractalized element that may be a ground counterpoise, a top-hat located load assembly, or a microstrip patch antenna having at least one element whose physical shape is at least partially defined as a first or higher iteration deterministic fractal. The resultant fractal element may rely upon an opening angle for performance, and is more compact than non-Euclidean ground counterpoise elements or the like. A vertical antenna system includes a vertical element that may also be a fractal, and a vertical antenna can include vertically spaced-apart fractal conductive and passive elements, and at least one fractal ground element. Various antenna configurations may be fabricated on opposite surfaces of a substrate, including a flexible substrate, and may be tuned by rotating elements relative to each other, and/or by varying the spaced-apart distance therebetween. Fractalized ground counterpoise elements and/or microstrip patch antenna systems may be fabricated on a flexible printed circuit substrate, and/or placed within the support mount of a cellular telephone car antenna.

Claims

1. An antenna and circuit combination comprising:

an antenna disposed on and electrically connected to a transceiver circuit, wherein the antenna includes at least one physical shape defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2 for at least a portion of the antenna, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with the antenna.

2. The antenna and circuit combination of claim 1 further comprising a ground plane disposed in suitable proximity to the antenna.

3. A ground plane and circuit combination comprising:

a first ground plane disposed on a transceiver circuit, wherein the first ground plane includes at least one physical shape defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2 for at least a portion of the ground plane, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with an antenna.

4. The ground plane and circuit combination of claim 3 further comprising a second ground plane disposed in suitable proximity to the first ground plane.

5. The ground plane and circuit combination of claim 4 wherein the second ground plane includes at least one physical shape that is defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2 for at least a portion of the second ground plane.

6. An antenna counterpoise and circuit combination comprising:

a first antenna counterpoise disposed on a transceiver circuit, wherein the first antenna counterpoise includes at least one physical shape defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2 for at least a portion of the first antenna counterpoise, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with an antenna.

7. The antenna counterpoise and circuit combination of claim 6 further comprising a ground plane disposed in suitable proximity to the first antenna counterpoise.

8. The antenna counterpoise and circuit combination of claim 6 further comprising a second antenna counterpoise disposed in suitable proximity to the first antenna counterpoise.

9. The antenna counterpoise and circuit combination of claim 8 wherein the second antenna counterpoise includes at least one physical shape that is defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2 for at least a portion of the second antenna counterpoise.

10. An antenna resonator filter and circuit combination comprising:

a first antenna resonator filter disposed on a transceiver circuit, wherein the first antenna resonator filter includes at least one physical shape defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2 for at least a portion of the first antenna resonator filter, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with an antenna.

11. The antenna resonator filter and circuit combination of claim 10 further comprising a ground plane disposed within suitable proximity to the first antenna resonator.

12. The antenna resonator filter and circuit combination of claim 10 further comprising an antenna counterpoise disposed in suitable proximity to the circuit.

13. The antenna resonator filter and circuit combination of claim 10 further comprising a second antenna resonator filter disposed within suitable proximity to the circuit.

14. The antenna resonator filter and circuit of claim 13 wherein the second antenna resonator filter includes at least one physical shape that is defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2 for at least a portion of the second antenna resonator filter.