Switching power supply circuit

• US 7,218,534 B2
• Filed: 09/28/2004
• Issued: 05/15/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Sony Corporation (Sony Group Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Sony Corporation (Sony Group Corp.)
• Inventors: Yasumura, Masayuki
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen; Matthew V.
• Application Number:
  US10/952,425
• Publication Number:
  US 20050068792A1
• Time in Patent Office: 959 Days
• Field of Search: 363/16, 363/20, 363/21.01, 363/21.02, 363/21.04, 363/21.06, 363/21.08, 363/21.09, 363/21.14, 363/21.16, 363/21.17, 363/97, 363/131
• US Class Current: 363/21.06
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 2019/085 Transformer for galvanic isolation
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 30/04 having two or more secondary windings, each supplying a separate load, e.g. for radio set power supplies
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/08 High-leakage transformers or inductances
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0009 Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0058 by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero using an auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuit connected to an intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches of an inverter bridge H02M7/4811; in resonant inverters H02M7/4815; in inverters operating from a resonant DC source H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/01 Resonant DC/DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33571 Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33592 having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A switching power supply circuit is disclosed which can achieve a high power conversion efficiency and besides achieve reduction of the circuit scale and the cost by simplification in circuit configuration. The switching power supply circuit includes a synchronous rectification circuit of the winding voltage detection system on the secondary side of a resonance converter. The coupling coefficient of an insulating converter transformer or the induced voltage level per one turn of the secondary winding is set so that the magnetic flux density of the insulating converter transformer may be lower than a fixed level thereby to maintain the secondary side rectification current in a continuous mode even in a heavy load condition. An inductor is inserted in series in a path along which rectification current is to be supplied to a secondary side smoothing capacitor so that reverse current appearing on the rectification current is suppressed by counter electromotive force generated in the inductor to further reduce the reactive power. A dc superposition characteristic of the inductor is set so that abnormal oscillation in a very light load condition (for example, 12.5 W or less) is prevented.

Claims

1. A switching power supply circuit, comprising:

a rectification smoothing section for rectifying and smoothing an ac input voltage to produce a dc input voltage;

a switching section including a plurality of switching elements for switching the dc input voltage to intermittently output the dc input voltage;

a drive section for driving said switching element for switching operation;

an insulating converter transformer including a primary winding provided on a primary side and a secondary winding provided on a secondary side for transmitting the switching output of said switching section from the primary side to the secondary side;

a primary side resonance capacitor connected to a predetermined location of the primary side and having a capacitance for cooperating with a leakage inductance component of said primary winding of said insulating converter transformer to form a primary side resonance circuit for causing said switching section to perform operation of the resonance type;

a secondary side smoothing capacitor;

a synchronous rectification circuit of a winding voltage detection system for rectifying an alternating voltage induced in said secondary winding of said insulating converter transformer and charging said secondary side smoothing capacitor with resulting rectification current to obtain a secondary side dc output voltage as a voltage across said secondary side smoothing capacitor; and

a constant voltage control section for controlling a switching frequency of said switching section so that, when a level of the secondary side dc output voltage is low, the switching frequency is lowered, but when the level of the secondary side dc output voltage is high, the switching frequency is raised to perform constant voltage control of the secondary side dc output voltage;

said insulating converter transformer having a magnetic flux density set lower than a predetermined level so that the secondary side rectification current flowing through said synchronous rectification circuit is maintained in a continuous mode even when the switching frequency drops lower than a predetermined level as a result of the control of said constant voltage control section;

said synchronous rectification circuit including an inductor element having a bead core and inserted in the rectification current path for charging said secondary side smoothing capacitor with the rectification current, said inductor element having a dc superposition characteristic set such that the secondary side rectification current is maintained in the continuous mode where a load to which the secondary side dc output voltage is connected is within a range within which the load decreases to no load.

2. A switching power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the dc superposition characteristic of said inductor element is set such that the secondary side rectification current is maintained in the continuous mode where the load to which the secondary side dc output voltage is connected is within the range within which the load decreases to no load by setting at least of the size of said bead core.

3. A switching power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the length of a gap formed in said insulating converter transformer is set longer than a predetermined length to set a coupling coefficient between the primary and secondary sides lower than a predetermined value in order to make a magnetic flux density of said insulating converter transformer lower than a predetermined value.

4. A switching power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the numbers of turns of said primary and secondary windings are set so that an induced voltage level per one turn of said secondary winding is lower than a required level in order to make a magnetic flux density of said insulating converter transformer lower than a predetermined value.

5. A switching power supply circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a primary side partial voltage resonance circuit formed from a capacitance of partial resonance capacitor connected in parallel to a particular one of said switching elements of said switching section and the leakage inductance component of said primary winding of said insulating converter transformer for performing partial voltage resonance operation within a turnoff period of the particular switching element.

6. A switching power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein said secondary winding is formed from a Litz wire band composed of a plurality of Litz wires aligned in parallel to each other like a band.

7. A switching power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein said secondary winding is formed from a flat braided wire formed from a plurality of Litz wires braided in a flat form.

8. A switching power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein said synchronous rectification circuit is formed as a bridge rectification circuit for full-wave rectifying the alternating voltage induced in said secondary winding of said insulating converter transformer and further includes:

a first field effect transistor connected in series between a first end of said secondary winding and the secondary side ground;

a second field effect transistor connected in series between a second end of said secondary winding and the secondary side ground;

a third field effect transistor connected in series between the first end of said secondary winding and the secondary side ground and connected in parallel to said first field effect transistor with respect to said secondary winding;

a fourth field effect transistor connected in series between the second end of said secondary winding and the secondary side ground and connected in parallel to said second field effect transistor with respect to said secondary winding;

a first driving winding formed by winding an extension of the first end of said secondary winding;

a second driving winding formed by winding an extension of the second end of said secondary winding;

a first drive circuit for detecting a voltage generated in said first driving winding within a period of a half wave within which said first field effect transistor is to flow rectification current by means of a resistor element and outputting a gate voltage for turning on said first field effect transistor;

a second drive circuit for detecting a voltage generated in said second driving winding within a period of a half wave within which said second field effect transistor is to flow rectification current by means of another resistor element and outputting a gate voltage for turning on said second field effect transistor;

a third drive circuit for detecting a voltage generated in said first driving winding within a period of a half wave within which said third field effect transistor is to flow rectification current by means of a further resistor element and outputting a gate voltage for turning on said third field effect transistor; and

a fourth drive circuit for detecting a voltage generated in said second driving winding within a period of a half wave within which said fourth field effect transistor is to flow rectification current by means of a still further resistor element and outputting a gate voltage for turning on said fourth field effect transistor;

said inductor element being connected in series to a positive electrode terminal of said secondary side smoothing capacitor.

9. A switching power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein said synchronous rectification circuit is formed as a voltage doubler rectification circuit for full-wave rectifying the alternating voltage induced in said secondary winding of said insulating converter transformer for obtaining the secondary side dc output voltage of a level corresponding to a predetermined number of times the alternating voltage level and further includes:

a first field effect transistor connected in series to a first end of said secondary winding;

a second field effect transistor connected in series to the first end of said secondary winding and connected in parallel to said first field effect transistor;

a series connection circuit including a first secondary side smoothing capacitor connected at a positive electrode terminal thereof to said first field effect transistor and connected at a negative electrode terminal thereof to a second end of said secondary winding and a second secondary side smoothing capacitor connected at a negative electrode terminal thereof to said second field effect transistor and connected at a positive electrode terminal thereof to the second end of said secondary winding;

a first driving winding formed by winding an extension of the first end of said secondary winding;

a second driving winding formed by winding an extension of the second end of said secondary winding;

a first drive circuit for detecting a voltage generated in said first driving winding within a period of a half wave within which said first field effect transistor is to flow rectification current by means of a resistor element and outputting a gate voltage for turning on said first field effect transistor; and

a second drive circuit for detecting a voltage generated in said second driving winding within a period of a half wave within which said second field effect transistor is to flow rectification current by means of another resistor element and outputting a gate voltage for turning on said second field effect transistor;

said inductor element being inserted between a node between said first secondary side smoothing capacitor and said second secondary side smoothing capacitor and the second end of said secondary winding.

10. A switching power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein said synchronous rectification circuit is formed as a voltage doubler rectification circuit for full-wave rectifying the alternating voltage induced in said secondary winding of said insulating converter transformer for obtaining the secondary side dc output voltage of a level corresponding to a predetermined number of times the alternating voltage level and further includes:

a first field effect transistor connected in series to a first end of said secondary winding;

a second field effect transistor connected in series to the first end of said secondary winding and connected in parallel to said first field effect transistor;

a series connection circuit including a first secondary side smoothing capacitor connected at a positive electrode terminal thereof to said first field effect transistor and connected at a negative electrode terminal thereof to a second end of said secondary winding and a second secondary side smoothing capacitor connected at a negative electrode terminal thereof to said second field effect transistor and connected at a positive electrode terminal thereof to the second end of said secondary winding;

a first drive circuit for detecting a voltage generated in said secondary winding within a period of a half wave within which said first field effect transistor is to flow rectification current by means of a resistor element and outputting a gate voltage for turning on said first field effect transistor; and

a second drive circuit for detecting a voltage generated in said secondary winding within a period of a half wave within which said second field effect transistor is to flow rectification current by means of another resistor element and outputting a gate voltage for turning on said second field effect transistor;

said switching power supply circuit further comprising a first diode element connected in parallel to said first secondary side smoothing capacitor, a second diode element connected in parallel to said second secondary side smoothing capacitor, and a third secondary side smoothing capacitor connected in parallel to the series connection circuit of said first secondary side smoothing capacitor and said second secondary side smoothing capacitor.

11. A switching power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein said secondary side smoothing capacitor of said synchronous rectification circuit includes a first secondary side smoothing capacitor and a second secondary side smoothing capacitor, and a tap output of a center tap of said secondary winding of said insulating converter transformer is connected to a positive electrode terminal of said first secondary side smoothing capacitor, said synchronous rectification circuit including:

a first field effect transistor connected in series between a first end of said secondary winding remote from the center tap and the secondary side ground;

a second field effect transistor connected in series between a second end of said secondary winding remote from the center tap and the secondary side ground;

a first drive circuit for detecting a voltage generated in said secondary winding within a period of a half wave within which said first field effect transistor is to flow rectification current by means of a resistor element and outputting a gate voltage for turning on said first field effect transistor; and

a second drive circuit for detecting a voltage generated in said secondary winding within a period of a half wave within which said second field effect transistor is to flow rectification current by means of another resistor element and outputting a gate voltage for turning on said second field effect transistor;

said inductor element being inserted between the positive electrode terminal of said first secondary side smoothing capacitor and the center tap of said secondary winding;

said switching power supply circuit further comprising a voltage doubler rectification circuit combined with said synchronous rectification circuit and including a first rectification diode element, a second rectification diode element and said second secondary side smoothing capacitor;

said first rectification diode element being connected between the first end of said secondary winding remote from the center tap and a positive electrode terminal of said second secondary side smoothing capacitor;

said second rectification diode element being connected between the second end of said secondary winding remote from the center tap and the positive electrode terminal of said second secondary side smoothing capacitor;

a negative electrode terminal of said second secondary side smoothing capacitor being connected to the secondary side ground so that the secondary side dc output voltage is obtained as a voltage across said second secondary side smoothing capacitor.