Remote activation of an implantable device

• US 7,223,282 B1
• Filed: 09/27/2001
• Issued: 05/29/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 09/27/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Advanced Cardiovascular Systems Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories)
• Original Assignee: Advanced Cardiovascular Systems Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories)
• Inventors: Hossainy, Syed F. A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hayes; Michael J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, VI X
• Application Number:
  US09/966,421
• Time in Patent Office: 2,070 Days
• Field of Search: 606/108, 606/191, 606/192, 606/194, 606/195, 606/197, 606/198, 623 11- 122, 623 142- 143, 424/426, 424/450
• US Class Current: 623/1.15
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/91 made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/915 with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2002/91533 characterised by the phase between adjacent bands
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2002/91575 connected peak to trough
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2250/0001 Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2250/0068 the pharmaceutical product being in a reservoir

Abstract

The invention is directed to an implantable device, such as a stent, for delivering a therapeutic substance. The device includes a reservoir containing a therapeutic substance and an energy converter to cause the release of the substance.

Claims

1. A stent for delivering a therapeutic substance, comprising:

a stent body having depots on a surface of the stent body;

a first material including a therapeutic substance; and

a second material configured to convert a first type of energy received by the second material from an energy source to a second type of energy, wherein the second type of energy promotes release of the therapeutic substance from the first material, wherein the second material is in the depots of the stent body and wherein the second material is disposed over a surface of the depots.

2. The stent of claim 1, wherein the second material is selected from the group consisting of Au, Au-alloy, Au with a silica core, and ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic.

3. The stent of claim 1, wherein the second type of energy is thermal energy.

4. The stent of claim 1, further comprising a topcoat deposited over at least a portion of the first material.

5. The stent of claim 4, wherein the topcoat includes a polymer.

6. The stent of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises Au particles having a silica nanoparticle core.

7. The stent of claim 6, wherein the silica nanoparticle core has a diameter from 100 to 250 nm.

8. The stent of claim 6, wherein the Au particles include an Au shell having a thickness of 1 to 100 nm.

9. The stent of claim 1, wherein the second material is capable of converting electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 800 and 1200 nm into thermal energy.

10. The stent of claim 1, wherein the first material includes a temperature-sensitive hydrogel.

11. The stent of claim 10, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is in thermal communication with the second material.

12. The stent of claim 10, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is selected from the group consisting of N-isopropylacrylamide, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, poly(acrylic acid) grafted pluronic copolymers, chitosan grafted pluronic copolymer, elastin mimetic polypeptides, and combinations and mixtures thereof.

13. The stent of claim 10, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel has a lower critical solution temperature greater than 37°

C.

14. The stent of claim 10, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is an anionic hydrogel and the therapeutic substance is a cationic substance.

15. The stent of claim 1, wherein the second material is ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic.

16. The stent of claim 1, wherein the second material completely fills at least some of the depots.

17. A stent for delivering a therapeutic substance in a body vessel, comprising a stent body having depots on a surface of the stent body, the stent body carrying:

a first material including a therapeutic substance;

a second material configured to convert a first type of energy received by the second material from an energy source to a second type of energy, wherein the second type of energy promotes release of the therapeutic substance from the first material, and wherein the second material is in the depots of the stent body; and

a third material configured to convert a third type of energy received by the third material from an energy source to a fourth type of energy, wherein the fourth type of energy promotes release of the therapeutic substance from the stent body.

18. The stent of claim 17, wherein the first type of energy and the third type of energy are electromagnetic energy, and wherein the electromagnetic energy of the first energy type has a different wavelength than the third energy type.

19. A stent for delivering a therapeutic substance in a body vessel, comprising:

a radially expandable stent body;

a first material including a therapeutic substance; and

a second material configured to convert non-cytotoxic electromagnetic waves received by the second material to a first type of energy, wherein the first type of energy promotes the release of the therapeutic substance from the first material, wherein the stent body includes cavities and wherein the second material is deposited in the cavities of the stent body and over the surface of the cavities.

20. The stent of claim 19, wherein the second material is capable of converting electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 800 and 1200 nm into thermal energy.

21. The stent of claim 19, wherein the second material is selected from the group consisting of Au, Au-alloy, Au with a silica core, and ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic.

22. The stent of claim 19, wherein the first type of energy is thermal energy.

23. The stent of claim 19, further comprising a topcoat deposited over at least a portion of the first material.

24. The stent of claim 23, wherein the topcoat includes a polymer.

25. The stent of claim 19, wherein the second material comprises Au particles having a silica nanoparticle core.

26. The stent of claim 25, wherein the silica nanoparticle core has a diameter from 100 to 250 nm.

27. The stent of claim 25, wherein the Au particles include an Au shell having a thickness of 1 to 100 nm.

28. The stent of claim 19, wherein the first material is includes a temperature-sensitive hydrogel.

29. The stent of claim 28, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is in thermal communication with the second material.

30. The stent of claim 28, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is selected from the group consisting of N-isopropylacrylamide, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, poly(acrylic acid) grafted pluronic copolymers, chitosan grafted pluronic copolymer, elastin mimetic polypeptides, and combinations and mixtures thereof.

31. The stent of claim 28, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel has a lower critical solution temperature greater than 37°

C.

32. The stent of claim 28, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is an anionic hydrogel and the therapeutic substance is a cationic substance.

33. The stent of claim 19, wherein the second material is ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic.

34. The stent of claim 19, wherein the second material completely fills at least some of the depots.

35. A stent for delivering a therapeutic substance in a body vessel, comprising:

a radially expandable stent body;

a first material including a therapeutic substance;

a second material configured to convert non-cytotoxic electromagnetic waves received by the second material to a first type of energy, wherein the first type of energy promotes the release of the therapeutic substance from the first material, wherein the stent body includes cavities and wherein the second material is deposited in the cavities of the stent body; and

a third material configured to convert a second type of energy received by the third material to a third type of energy, wherein the third type of energy promotes release of the therapeutic substance from the stent body.

36. The stent of claim 35, wherein the second type of energy is electromagnetic energy, and wherein the electromagnetic waves received by the second material have a different wavelength than the second energy type.

37. A stent for delivering a therapeutic substance in a body vessel, comprising a stent body having depots on a surface of the stent body, the stent body carrying:

a first material including a therapeutic substance;

a second material configured to convert a first type of energy received by the second material from an energy source to a second type of energy, wherein the second type of energy promotes release of the therapeutic substance from the first material, and wherein the second material is in the depots of the stent body; and

a second therapeutic substance and a third material configured to convert a third type of energy received by the third material from an energy source to a fourth type of energy, wherein the fourth type of energy promotes release of the second therapeutic substance from the stent body.

38. The stent of claim 37, wherein the first type of energy and the third type of energy are electromagnetic energy, and wherein the electromagnetic energy of the first energy type has a different wavelength than the third energy type.

39. The stent of claim 37, wherein the second therapeutic substance is included in the first material or in a fourth material carried by the stent body.

40. A stent for delivering a therapeutic substance in a body vessel, comprising:

a radially expandable stent body;

a first material including a therapeutic substance;

a second material configured to convert non-cytotoxic electromagnetic waves received by the second material to a first type of energy, wherein the first type of energy promotes the release of the therapeutic substance from the first material, wherein the stent body includes cavities and wherein the second material is deposited in the cavities of the stent body; and

a second therapeutic substance and a third material configured to convert a second type of energy received by the third material to a third type of energy, wherein the third type of energy promotes release of the second therapeutic substance from the stent body.

41. The stent of claim 40, wherein the second type of energy is electromagnetic energy and wherein the electromagnetic waves received by the second material have a different wavelength than the second type of energy.

42. The stent of claim 40, wherein the second therapeutic substance is included in the first material or in a fourth material carried by the stent body.

43. A stent for delivering a therapeutic substance, comprising:

a stent body having depots on a surface of the stent body;

a first material including a therapeutic substance; and

a second material configured to convert a first type of energy received by the second material from an energy source to a second type of energy, wherein the second type of energy promotes release of the therapeutic substance from the first material, and wherein the second material is in the depots of the stent body and the second material is different than surface material of the depots.

44. The stent of claim 43, wherein the second material is selected from the group consisting of Au, Au-alloy, Au with a silica core, and ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic.

45. The stent of claim 43, wherein the second type of energy is thermal energy.

46. The stent of claim 43, further comprising a coating deposited over at least a portion of the first material.

47. The stent of claim 43, wherein the second material comprises Au particles having a silica nanoparticle core.

48. The stent of claim 47, wherein the silica nanoparticle core has a diameter from 100 to 250 nm.

49. The stent of claim 47, wherein the Au particles include an Au shell having a thickness of 1 to 100 nm.

50. The stent of claim 43, wherein the second material is capable of converting electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between 800 and 1200 nm into thermal energy.

51. The stent of claim 43, wherein the first material includes a temperature-sensitive hydrogel.

52. The stent of claim 51, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is in thermal communication with the second material.

53. The stent of claim 51, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is selected from the group consisting of N-isopropylacrylamide, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers, poly(acrylic acid) grafted pluronic copolymers, chitosan grafted pluronic copolymer, elastin mimetic polypeptides, and combinations and mixtures thereof.

54. The stent of claim 43, wherein the depots are at least partially filled with the second material.