Computed tomography system

• US 7,224,765 B2
• Filed: 10/21/2004
• Issued: 05/29/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 10/02/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Reveal Imaging Technologies, Inc. (Leidos Holdings, Inc.), Vivid Technologies, Inc. (Revvity, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Reveal Imaging Technologies, Inc. (Leidos Holdings, Inc.)
• Inventors: Ellenbogen, Michael P.
• Primary Examiner(s): THOMAS, COURTNEY D
• Application Number:
  US10/971,453
• Publication Number:
  US 20050169422A1
• Time in Patent Office: 950 Days
• Field of Search: 378/4, 378/19, 378/57
• US Class Current: 378/19
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/419 computed tomograph
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/046 using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/224 Multiple energy techniques using one type of radiation, e.g. X-rays of different energies
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/226 using tomography

Abstract

An embodiment of the invention is directed to a computed tomography device, comprising a tunnel to receive baggage, an x-ray source providing an x-ray beam that intersects the tunnel and has a beam angle of 120°, a gantry that oscillates relative to the tunnel through an oscillation angle that equals 270°, and a plurality of detectors. The plurality of detectors are mounted to the gantry and adapted to receive x-rays from the x-ray source. In addition, the plurality of detectors are arranged in a horseshoe-shaped configuration in which at least one first detector is located a furthest distance from the x-ray source and at least one second detector is disposed on each side of the at least one first detector and is disposed closer to the x-ray source than the at least one first detector.

Claims

1. A computed tomography device, comprising:

a tunnel to receive baggage;

an x-ray source providing an x-ray beam that intersects the tunnel and has a beam angle of 120°

;

a gantry that oscillates relative to the tunnel through a rotation angle that equals at least 270° and

is less than 360°

; and

a plurality of detectors mounted to the gantry and adapted to receive x-rays from the x-ray source, the plurality of detectors being arranged in a horseshoe-shaped configuration in which at least one first detector is located a furthest distance from the x-ray source, and at least one second detector is disposed on each side of the at least one first detector and is disposed closer to the x-ray source than the at least one first detector.

2. A computed tomography system, comprising:

a tunnel to receive at least one object;

a wide-angle x-ray source providing an x-ray beam that intersects the tunnel and has a beam angle of greater than 80°

;

a gantry that is movable relative to the tunnel; and

a plurality of detectors mounted to the gantry and adapted to receive x-rays from the x-ray source.

3. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the at least one object is at least one item of baggage.

4. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the x-ray beam has a beam angle of approximately 120°

.

5. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the x-ray beam has a beam angle between 120°

and 180°

.

6. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of detectors are mounted to the gantry in a horse-shoe shaped configuration.

7. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the gantry is movable relative to the tunnel through a rotation angle that is less than 360°

.

8. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the gantry is movable relative to the tunnel in an oscillating motion.

9. The computed tomography system of claim 8, wherein the gantry is movable relative to the tunnel in an oscillating motion back and forth through a rotation angle less than 360°

between a first position relative to the tunnel and a second position relative to the tunnel.

10. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the system does not include a slip ring coupled to the gantry.

11. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the gantry moves relative to the tunnel at a speed such that a time to complete a scan of the at least one object is approximately one minute.

12. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the x-ray source is mounted on the gantry.

13. The computed tomography system of claim 2, further comprising:

a chassis; and

a data acquisition system that is mounted on the chassis and coupled to the plurality of detectors.

14. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the x-ray source is mounted adjacent the tunnel.

15. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the x-ray source is mounted immediately adjacent the tunnel.

16. The computed tomography system of claim 2, in combination with a check-in desk area, wherein the tunnel passes through the check-in desk area.

17. The computed tomography system of claim 16, wherein the check-in desk area has a front side and a back side, and wherein the tunnel comprises a first opening on the front side of the check in area and a second opening on the back side of the check-in area.

18. The computed tomography system of claim 16, wherein the check-in desk area comprises a plurality of adjacent check-in desks.

19. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of detectors comprises first and second detectors mounted to the gantry such that the first detector is disposed a first distance from the x-ray source and the second detector is disposed a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and second distances are different.

20. The computed tomography system of claim 19, wherein the plurality of detectors further comprises a third detector mounted to the gantry such that the third detector is disposed a third distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and third distances are the same, and wherein each of the first and third distances is shorter than the second distance.

21. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of detectors comprises first and second detectors mounted to the gantry such that a first angle is formed between the first detector and a first tangent of the tunnel that is nearest the first detector, and a second angle is formed between the second detector and a second tangent of the tunnel that is nearest the second detector, wherein the first and second angles are different.

22. The computed tomography system of claim 21, wherein the first and second detectors are mounted to the gantry such that the first detector is disposed a first distance from the x-ray source and the second detector is disposed a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and second distances are different.

23. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein an axis passes through a center of the gantry and bisects the gantry into first and second halves, and wherein at least a first one of the plurality of detectors is disposed on the first half of the gantry and at least a second one of the plurality of detector is disposed on the second half of the gantry.

24. The computed tomography system of claim 2, wherein at least some of the plurality of detectors are mounted to the gantry so as to receive x-rays from outer portions of the x-ray beam.

25. A computed tomography device, comprising:

a tunnel to receive at least one object;

an x-ray source providing an x-ray beam that intersects the tunnel;

a gantry that is movable relative to the tunnel, the gantry having an opening therethrough; and

a detector array comprising a plurality of disjoint segments disposed around the opening, the detector array comprising a plurality of detectors mounted to the gantry and adapted to receive x-rays from the x-ray source, the plurality of detectors comprising at least first and second detectors mounted to the gantry in a first of the disjoint segments and a second of the disjoint segments, respectively, such that the first detector is disposed a first distance from the x-ray source and the second detector is disposed a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and second distances are different.

26. The computed tomography device of claim 25, wherein the plurality of detectors further comprises third and fourth detectors mounted to the gantry such that the third detector is disposed a third distance from the x-ray source and the fourth detector is disposed a fourth distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and third distances are the same and the second and fourth distances are the same.

27. The computed tomography device of claim 25, wherein the first detectors and second detectors are mounted at different angles with respect to the tunnel.

28. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the at least one object is at least one item of baggage.

29. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the x-ray beam has a beam angle of greater than 80°

.

30. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the x-ray beam has a beam angle of approximately 120°

.

31. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the x-ray beam has a beam angle between 120°

and 180°

.

32. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the plurality of detectors are mounted in a horse-shoe shaped configuration.

33. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the gantry is movable relative to the tunnel through a rotation angle that is less than 360°

.

34. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the gantry is movable relative to the tunnel in an oscillating motion.

35. The computed tomography system of claim 34, wherein the gantry is movable relative to the tunnel in an oscillating motion back and forth through a rotation angle less than 360°

between a first position relative to the tunnel and a second position relative to the tunnel.

36. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the system does not include a slip ring coupled to the gantry.

37. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the gantry moves relative to the tunnel at a speed such that a time to complete a scan of the at least one object is approximately one minute.

38. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the x-ray source is mounted on the gantry.

39. The computed tomography system of claim 25, further comprising:

a chassis; and

a data acquisition system that is mounted on the chassis and coupled to the plurality of detectors.

40. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the x-ray source is mounted adjacent the tunnel.

41. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the x-ray source is mounted immediately adjacent the tunnel.

42. The computed tomography system of claim 25, in combination with a check-in desk area, wherein the tunnel passes through the check-in desk area.

43. The computed tomography system of claim 42, wherein the check-in desk area has a front side and a back side, and wherein the tunnel comprises a first opening on the front side of the check in area and a second opening on the back side of the check-in area.

44. The computed tomography system of claim 42, wherein the check-in desk area comprises a plurality of adjacent check-in desks.

45. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the plurality of detectors comprises first and second detectors mounted to the gantry such that the first detector is disposed a first distance from the x-ray source and the second detector is disposed a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and second distances are different.

46. The computed tomography system of claim 45, wherein the plurality of detectors further comprises a third detector mounted to the gantry such that the third detector is disposed a third distance from the x-ray source, and wherein the first and third distances are the same, and wherein each of the first and third distances is shorter than the second distance.

47. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein the plurality of detectors comprises first and second detectors mounted to the gantry such that a first angle is formed between the first detector and a first tangent of the tunnel that is nearest the first detector, and a second angle is formed between the second detector and a second tangent of the tunnel that is nearest the second detector, wherein the first and second angles are different.

48. The computed tomography system of claim 47, wherein the first and second detectors are mounted to the gantry such that the first detector is disposed a first distance from the x-ray source and the second detector is disposed a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and second distances are different.

49. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein an axis passes through a center of the gantry and bisects the gantry into first and second halves, and wherein at least a first detector of the plurality of detectors is disposed on the first half of the gantry and at least a second detector of the plurality of detector is disposed on the second half of the gantry.

50. The computed tomography system of claim 25, wherein at least some of the plurality of detectors are mounted to the gantry so as to receive x-rays from outer portions of the x-ray beam.

51. A computed tomography system, comprising:

an envelope having a sufficiently small size to allow it to be integrated into an airline check-in desk;

an x-ray source disposed within the envelope; and

a plurality of detectors disposed within the envelope and adapted to receive x-rays from the x-ray source.

52. An assembly, comprising:

at least one passenger check-in counter; and

an x-ray screening system at least partially integrated within the at least one check-in counter.

53. The assembly of claim 52, wherein the x-ray screening system is a computed tomography system.

54. The assembly of claim 53, wherein:

the at least one check-in counter comprises first and second check-in counters adjacent to each other;

the computed tomography system is a first computed tomography system and is at least partially integrated within the first check-in counter; and

the assembly further comprises a second computed tomography system at least partially integrated within the second check-in counter.

55. The assembly of claim 54, wherein:

the first and second check-in counters are located between the first computed tomography system and the second computed tomography system.

56. The assembly of claim 53, wherein:

the at least one check-in counter comprises first and second check-in counters, and

the computed tomography system is located between the first and second check-in counters.

57. The assembly of claim 53, wherein:

the at least one check-in counter comprises a plurality of check-in counters; and

the assembly further comprises a plurality of computed tomography systems that include the computed tomography system, wherein a number of the check-in counters is equal to twice a number of the computed tomography systems.

58. The assembly of claim 53, further comprising a tunnel that passes through the at least one check-in counter and the computed tomography system.

59. The assembly of claim 53, wherein the computed tomography system, comprises:

a tunnel to receive at least one object;

a wide-angle x-ray source providing an x-ray beam that intersects the tunnel and has a beam angle of greater than 80°

;

a gantry that is movable relative to the tunnel; and

a plurality of detectors mounted to the gantry and adapted to receive x-rays from the x-ray source.

60. The assembly system of claim 59, wherein the plurality of detectors comprises first and second detectors mounted to the gantry such that the first detector is disposed a first distance from the x-ray source and the second detector is disposed a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and second distances are different.

61. The assembly system of claim 59, wherein the plurality of detectors comprises first and second detectors mounted to the gantry such that a first angle is formed between the first detector and a first tangent of the tunnel that is nearest the first detector, and a second angle is formed between the second detector and a second tangent of the tunnel that is nearest the second detector, wherein the first and second angles are different.

62. The assembly of claim 53, wherein the computed tomography system, comprises:

a tunnel to receive at least one object;

an x-ray source providing an x-ray beam that intersects the tunnel;

a gantry that is movable relative to the tunnel; and

a plurality of detectors mounted to the gantry and adapted to receive x-rays from the x-ray source, the plurality of detectors comprising at least first and second detectors mounted to the gantry such that the first detector is disposed a first distance from the x-ray source and the second detector is disposed a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and second distances are different.

63. The assembly system of claim 62, wherein the plurality of detectors comprises first and second detectors mounted to the gantry such that a first angle is formed between the first detector and a first tangent of the tunnel that is nearest the first detector, and a second angle is formed between the second detector and a second tangent of the tunnel that is nearest the second detector, wherein the first and second angles are different.

64. The assembly system of claim 62, wherein the x-ray source is a wide-angle x-ray source providing an x-ray beam having a beam angle of greater than 80°

.

65. A method of processing an airline passenger, comprising acts of:

checking in an airline passenger at a check-in desk; and

while checking in the airline passenger, simultaneously scanning an item of luggage of the passenger at the check-in desk using an x-ray screening system.

66. The method of claim 65, wherein the act of simultaneously scanning the item of luggage comprises simultaneously scanning the item of luggage of the passenger at the check-in desk using a computed tomography system.

67. The method of claim 66, further comprising an act of:

transporting the item of luggage from a first side of the check-in desk to a second side of the check-in desk by moving the item of baggage through the computed tomography system.

68. The method of claim 65, wherein the item of luggage is checked luggage.

69. The method of claim 65, wherein the act of simultaneously scanning the item of luggage is completed before the act of checking in the airline passenger is complete.

70. The method of claim 65, wherein the act of scanning takes approximately one minute to complete.

71. The method of claim 65, wherein the computed tomography system comprises an x-ray source and detectors, and wherein the act of scanning comprises imaging a slice of the item of baggage by oscillating the detectors of the computed tomography system through an oscillation angle less than 360°

.

72. A computed tomography system, comprising:

a tunnel to receive at least one object;

a gantry that is movable relative to the tunnel;

a wide-angle x-ray source mounted to the gantry and providing an x-ray beam that intersects the tunnel and has a beam angle greater than 80°

; and

a plurality of detectors mounted to the gantry and adapted to receive x-rays from the x-ray source, wherein the plurality of detectors comprises first, second and third detectors mounted to the gantry such that the first detector is disposed a first distance from the x-ray source, the second detector is disposed a second distance from the x-ray source, and the third detector is disposed a third distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and second distances are different, wherein the first and third distances are the same, and wherein each of the first and third distances is shorter than the second distance.

73. The computed tomography system of claim 72, in combination with a check-in desk area, wherein the tunnel passes through the check-in desk area.

74. The computed tomography system of claim 72, wherein the plurality of detectors comprises first and second detectors mounted to the gantry such that a first angle is formed between the first detector and a first tangent of the tunnel that is nearest the first detector, and a second angle is formed between the second detector and a second tangent of the tunnel that is nearest the second detector, wherein the first and second angles are different.

75. The computed tomography system of claim 72, wherein an axis passes through a center of the gantry and bisects the gantry into first and second halves, and wherein at least a first one of the plurality of detectors is disposed on the first half of the gantry and at least a second one of the plurality of detector is disposed on the second half of the gantry.

76. A method of selecting components for use in producing a computed tomography (CT) system, comprising an act of:

(A) selecting a wide-angle x-ray source having a beam angle of greater than 80°

so that an external envelope of the CT system can be minimized.

77. The method of claim 76, wherein the act (A) comprises selecting a wide-angle x-ray source having a beam angle of approximately 120°

.

78. The method of claim 76, wherein the act (A) comprises selecting a wide-angle x-ray source having a beam angle between 120°

and 180°

.

79. The method of claim 76, further comprising an act of:

(B) selecting a plurality of detectors arranged to receive x-rays from the x-ray source, the plurality of detectors comprising first and second detectors arranged such that the first detector is disposed a first distance from the x-ray source and the second detector is disposed a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and second distances are different.

80. The method of claim 79, wherein the act (B) comprises an act of selecting a plurality of detectors that further comprises a third detector arranged such that the third detector is disposed a third distance from the x-ray source, wherein the first and third distances are the same, wherein each of the first and third distances is shorter than the second distance, and wherein the first and third detectors are disposed on opposite sides of the second detector.

81. An assembly of detectors for use in a computed tomography (CT) system comprising an x-ray source, the assembly of detectors comprising:

a detector array comprising a plurality of disjoint segments disposed around a periphery of an opening in the assembly, the detector array comprising a plurality of detectors adapted to receive x-rays from the x-ray source, the plurality of detectors comprising at least first and second detectors arranged so that the x-rays travel a first distance from the x-ray source to the first detector and the x-rays travel a second distance from the x-ray source to the second detector, wherein the first and second distances are different and the first detector is in a first of the disjoint segments and the second detector is in a second of the disjoint segments.

82. The assembly of claim 81, wherein the plurality of detectors further comprises a third detector arranged so that the x-rays travel a third distance from the x-ray source to the third detector, wherein the first and third distances are the same, wherein each of the first and third distances is shorter than the second distance, and wherein the first and third detectors are disposed on opposite sides of the second detector.

83. The assembly of claim 81, wherein the plurality of detectors are arranged in a horse-shoe shaped configuration.

84. The assembly of claim 81, in combination with a gantry moveably mounted in the CT system, wherein the plurality of detectors are mounted to the gantry.

85. The combination of claim 84, further in combination with the x-ray source, wherein the x-ray source is mounted to the gantry and has a beam angle of greater than 80°

.

86. The combination of claim 84, wherein the x-ray beam has a beam angle of approximately 120°

.

87. The combination of claim 84, wherein the x-ray beam has a beam angle between 120°

and 180°

.

88. The assembly of claim 84, wherein an axis passes through a center of the gantry and bisects the gantry into first and second halves, wherein at least a first detector of the plurality of detectors is disposed on the first half of the gantry and at least a second detector of the plurality of detectors is disposed on the second half of the gantry.