Fuel containment and recycling system

• US 7,226,676 B2
• Filed: 05/05/2003
• Issued: 06/05/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 05/12/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Reveo, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Reveo, Inc.
• Inventors: Faris, Sadeg M., Yao, Wenbin, Chang, Yuen-Ming, Tsai, Tsepin
• Primary Examiner(s): Ryan; Patrick Joseph
• Assistant Examiner(s): ANTHONY, JULIAN
• Application Number:
  US10/429,935
• Publication Number:
  US 20040048133A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,492 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 429/404
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4214 Arrangements for moving electrodes or electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/06 with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0014 Alkaline electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/02 Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/77 with external circulating path
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/5011 for several cells simultaneously or successively
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/5077 Regeneration of reactants or electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/18 Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/225 Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising particulate active material in the form of a suspension, a dispersion, a fluidised bed or a paste
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

An energy conversion system, comprising: a reservoir container including at least two chambers of inversely variable volume for respectively storing a quantity of fuel and receiving a quantity of exhaust; a means for decreasing the volume of the first chamber while concurrently increasing the volume of the second chamber; at least one energy conversion device; first means for communicating fuel between the at least one energy conversion device and a first of the chambers in the reservoir container; and second means for communicating exhaust between the at least one energy conversion device and a second of the chambers in the reservoir container. The reservoir container may be transported to a recharging/refilling station or recharged in-situ. A particular application for metal-air fuel cell power systems is shown and described.

Claims

1. A fuel supply system for at least one fuel cell battery, comprising:

a reservoir container for storing a quantity of electrochemical anode material and a quantity of reaction products, said reservoir container including at least two isolated chambers of inversely variable volume;

first means for communicating anode material between at least one cell connected to said reservoir container and a first of said chambers in said reservoir container;

second means for communicating reaction products between the cell and a second of said chambers in said reservoir container; and

means for varying the respective volumes of said first and second chambers as fresh anode material is delivered to said cell and reaction products are delivered to said reservoir;

wherein said reservoir container has at least one flexible wall and the system includes means for compressing the flexible wall to force anode material out of said reservoir and into the at least one fuel cell element.

2. The fuel supply system recited in claim 1, further comprising:

means for regenerating the reaction products in the reservoir container into fresh electrochemical anode material after the reaction products are removed from said cell; and

means for varying the respective volumes of said first and second chambers as fresh anode material is delivered to said cell element and reaction products are delivered to said reservoir.

3. The fuel supply system as in claim 1, wherein said fuel cell battery including a cathode, and said reservoir container is adapted for storing a quantity of electrochemical anode material, and a quantity of reaction products.

4. The fuel supply system as in claim 3, further comprising:

means for regenerating the reaction products into fresh electrochemical anode material in said reservoir container; and

means for varying the respective volumes of said first and second chambers as fresh anode material is delivered to said fuel cell element and reaction products are delivered to said reservoir.

5. The fuel supply system as in claim 3, wherein said first means for communicating and said second means for communicating respectively comprise at least one conduit coupling said at least one fuel cell element to said reservoir, each conduit including electrically insulative valves to selectively enable communication of fresh anode material and reaction products to and from a single fuel cell element in a group of electrically interconnected cell elements.

6. The fuel supply system as in claim 3, wherein said anode material comprises metal, and said cathode includes an air depolarizer element.

7. The fuel supply system as in claim 3, wherein said anode material is a fluid paste comprised of 65% metal granules by weight, and 35% gel electrolyte by weight.

8. The fuel supply system as in claim 7, wherein said gel electrolyte comprises up to 5% polyacrylamide, 35% KOH, and water.

9. The fuel supply system of claim 3, wherein said cathode is enclosed in a gelled separator element.

10. The fuel supply system of claim 3, wherein said cathode comprises a metal foam substrate having an active layer, and a hydrophobic microporous gas diffusion layer disposed on at least one surface of the metal foam substrate.