Transconductance and current modulation for resonant frequency control and selection
First Claim
1. An apparatus for frequency control of a reference signal;
- the apparatus comprising;
a reference resonator adapted to provide the reference signal having a resonant frequency;
a negative transconductance amplifier coupled to the reference resonator; and
a frequency controller coupled to the negative transconductance amplifier and coupled to the reference resonator, the frequency controller adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to at least one variable of a plurality of variables.
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Abstract
In various embodiments, the invention provides a frequency controller and a temperature compensator for frequency control and selection in a clock generator and/or a timing and frequency reference. The various apparatus embodiments include a resonator adapted to provide a first signal having a resonant frequency; an amplifier; a temperature compensator adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to temperature; and a process variation compensator adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to fabrication process variation. In addition, the various embodiments may also include a frequency divider adapted to divide the first signal having the resonant frequency into a plurality of second signals having a corresponding plurality of frequencies substantially equal to or lower than the resonant frequency; and a frequency selector adapted to provide an output signal from the plurality of second signals. The output signal may be provided in any of various forms, such as differential or single-ended, and substantially square-wave or sinusoidal.
29 Citations
32 Claims
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1. An apparatus for frequency control of a reference signal;
- the apparatus comprising;
a reference resonator adapted to provide the reference signal having a resonant frequency; a negative transconductance amplifier coupled to the reference resonator; and a frequency controller coupled to the negative transconductance amplifier and coupled to the reference resonator, the frequency controller adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to at least one variable of a plurality of variables. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
- the apparatus comprising;
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15. An apparatus, comprising:
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a reference resonator, the reference resonator adapted to provide a reference signal having a resonant frequency; a negative transconductance amplifier coupled to the reference resonator; and a temperature compensator coupled to the negative transconductance amplifier and to the reference resonator, the temperature compensator adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to temperature. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28)
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29. An apparatus, comprising:
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a reference resonator, the reference resonator adapted to provide a reference signal having a resonant frequency; a negative transconductance amplifier coupled to the reference resonator; a current mirror coupled to the negative transconductance amplifier; and a current source coupled to the current mirror, the current source adapted to modify the resonant frequency by varying a current through the current mirror and the negative transconductance amplifier in response to temperature. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31)
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32. An apparatus, comprising:
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a resonator, the resonator adapted to provide a first signal having a resonant frequency; a negative transconductance amplifier coupled to the resonator; a current minor coupled to the negative transconductance amplifier; and a plurality of current sources coupled to the current mirror, the plurality of current sources adapted to modify the resonant frequency by varying a current through the current mirror and the negative transconductance amplifier in response to temperature, the plurality of current sources having at least two configurations selected from a plurality of configurations comprising CTAT, PTAT, and PTAT2 configurations.
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Specification