Method of defense-in-depth ultrasound intrusion detection

• US 7,233,243 B2
• Filed: 01/09/2004
• Issued: 06/19/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 01/09/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: CTRL Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: CTRL Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Herman, Vladimir, Roche, Robert Henry, Buyalsky, Vadym
• Primary Examiner(s): Wu; Daniel
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mehmood; Jennifer
• Application Number:
  US10/754,800
• Publication Number:
  US 20050151644A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,257 Days
• Field of Search: 340/541, 3405411-5413, 340/545.9, 340555-561, 340552-554, 340/566, 340/567, 340/565, 340/543.3, 340/551, 367/93
• US Class Current: 340/540
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/1618 using ultrasonic detection means

Abstract

Method of ingress or egress intrusion detection by ultrasound surveillance throughout volumetric multi-area room around a protected object, where the surveyed room is arranged in juxtaposed volumetric closed or open areas that represent central, short-range and long-range echelons of defense-in-depth intrusion protection infrastructure. The used techniques of ultrasound intrusion detection are based on the phenomena of reflection, refraction by edge diffraction, and interference by shadowing of ultrasonic beams. The ultrasonic beam patterns are closely disposed in 2-D curvilinear or polygonal array, or in 3-D curved surface lattice over multilevel substantial openwork frames of different echelons. The informational and processing inter-echelon interrelation is being treated by control software algorithm that features situational logic transition driven by IF-THEN operator. The disclosed method shall enhance the distance of location, trustworthiness and cost-effectiveness of ultrasonic intrusion detection arrangements.

Claims

1. A method of defense-in-depth ultrasound intrusion detection that provides for sufficient enhancement of the distance of location and detection of an intruder with airborne ultrasound throughout enclosed premises of buildings, near field zone and circumjacent air vicinity of a dome-type, volumetric room that surrounds a protected object, including the techniques of:

arrangement of the volumetric room into geometrically closed areas that constitute a spatial multi-echelon infrastructure of a defense-in-depth automatic intrusion protection system; and

commissioning each of single-level or multi-sublevel echelons of intrusion detection wherein;

a central indoor echelon (C) containing the enclosed premises of a protected object is being commissioned to detect an intruder'"'"'s presence and direction of ingress or egress motion;

an outdoor short-range echelon (S) of the near field zone adjoining the buildings, works and installations of a protected object is assigned to detect the presence and locality of an intruder relating to the direction of the intruder'"'"'s motion;

an outdoor long-range echelon (L) of a circumjacent air vicinity of a layout area of a protected object detects of the intruder'"'"'s presence, and speed and direction of the intruder'"'"'s motion; and

rating the size of each particular echelon in the designed prevailing direction of intrusion location distance that should not exceed the distance at which an airborne ultrasound wave attenuates along its incidence and reflection trip to the value less than the dead band of ultrasonic transceivers where said transceivers are being chosen regarding their operating frequency and prognosticated conditions of ambient air around a protected object; and

application of different modes of response of an emitted ultrasound signal, at least the reflection, refraction by edge diffraction and interference with shadowing by an intruded target, in accordance with a procedure of intrusion detection and presumptive spatio-temporal conditions of intrusion location in every echelon; and

designing predictive models of intrusion vulnerability of each echelon and the entire area of the protected object regarding previously simulated model of presumptive spatio-temporal behavior of an intruding object along their possible routings; and

plotting an intrusion event tree that reveals cause-effect relations between an intrusion occurrence and subsequent menaces, to echelons and their sublevels therein, and to a protected object integrally where for simple arrangements of ultrasonic intrusion detection systems three or less echelons, each comprising separate sublevels with single units of protected equipment, the event tree is composed with use of techniques of combinations and situational logic transition, whereas for the arrangement of more than three echelons with a plurality of protected units of equipment installed in each echelon or in its sublevels;

the event tree is composed on the basis of complete Markov models with Boolean transition logic; and

derivation of mathematical expressions of logical equations of said cause-effect relations for the intrusion events in every echelon and its sublevels therein, a verifying logical matrix of intrusion justification, a logical decision matrix of inter-echelon cause-effect relations and factors of menaces, a generalized resolving logical equation; and

drawing up control software algorithm for governing at least;

a resolver, which handles the system of said echelon'"'"'s logical equations, the verifying logical matrix, the logical decision matrix and the generalized resolving logical equation;

data control block that operates modes of locating with ultrasound beams and a data acquisition procedure; and

system control block that forms and presents signals of intrusion detection and justification, and triggering signals of intrusion prevention, protection and defense; and

establishing a software-programmable inter-echelon informational and processing logical interrelation among all the juxtaposed and non-adjacent echelons wherein said interrelation is automatically treated and handled in a real time domain by said control software algorithm that operates a continuous status scan of all the ultrasonic transceivers and oppositely aligned pairs of transmitters and receivers in every echelon simultaneously; and

which algorithm provides for;

transferring the data of continuous status scan to the echelons'"'"' logical equations, verifying logical matrix, and logical decision matrix;

ability of said resolver to process acquired data by said echelons'"'"' logical equations, verifying logical matrix, logical decision matrix and generalized resolving logical equation up to the final decision of the goal function of the intrusion detection and protection method; and

creation and presentation of logically true sequence of caution and self-checking signals for every intrusion-suspected echelon, signal of intrusion vindication for the affected echelon, and final triggering signals of alarm and activation of security measures where the creation and presentation of the final triggering signals; and

entry of triggering signals for starting security measures of active and passive protection and defense, which measures include at least;

activation of an alarm system, enclosing movable physical barriers around the protected works and installations, hence entrapping an intruding object inside echelon C, application of disabling tear gas, involving guard troops, deploying inflatable air obstacles in echelons S and L or opening defensive fire in echelon L.

2. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein a protected dome-type volumetric room around a critical object is arranged in several juxtaposed echelons;

where

the indoor single-level or multi-sublevel echelon C is arranged inside the enclosed premises of a protected object, in each of which at least a transmitter and receiver pair is mounted for inward detection of an intruder by the ultrasound beams responding in reflection or refraction by diffraction modes; and

where

the outdoor single-level or multi-sublevel echelon S of the near field zone adjoining the buildings and installations of a protected object is being shaped to consist of 2-D polygonal or curvilinear plane contours, or 3-D curved surface areas that are connected into a spatial solid openwork frame, equipped with pairs of oppositely directed transmitters and receivers, so that the near field zone has been covered by closely adjacent or overlapped ultrasound beam patterns, which are designated to respond either in the refraction mode characterized with diffraction of receiver'"'"'s beam pattern by intruder'"'"'s edge, or in the mode of interference featured shadowing a receiver'"'"'s beam pattern by an intruding object; and

further where

the single-level or multi-sublevel echelon L of the circumjacent air vicinity of the layout area of a protected object is shaped into 3-D curved surface in the form of spatial lattice equipped with outwardly directed transceivers that function by techniques of constant vectoring or scanning solid angles that overlap each other, and operate in the mode of continuous emission of ultrasound beams and occasional reception of ultrasound beams reflected from a target.

3. The method as defined in claim 2, including the steps of:

shaping inner boundaries of outdoor single-level or multi-sublevel echelon S of the near field zone in compliance with layout and overground contours of installations and works of a protected object, while shaping the outer frontiers of the echelon S in compliance with layout and outside contours of prohibited areas and access roads around works and buildings of a protected object; and

division of the outdoor echelon S of the near field zone into separate sublevels and designing the geometrical shapes and dimensions of said 2-D polygonal or curvilinear contours, or 3-D curved surface areas in accordance with;

spatio-temporal parameters of airborne ultrasound propagation towards previously designed prevailing directions of ultrasonic location in forecasted conditions of the air ambient, while admitting the airborne ultrasound wave attenuation along its one-way emission trip from a transmitter to the opposite receiver to have occurred to the value not less than the dead band of ultrasonic transceivers;

the presumptive spatio-temporal behavior of the intruding object over the terrain of the echelon S of a protected object regarding their possible routings;

covering said surfaces areas with the ultrasound beam patterns chosen regarding conditions of ultrasound propagation and applied either in stationary or scanning modes of surveillance; and

shaping the echelon L of circumjacent air vicinity of the layout area of a protected object so that it is open outwardly to the dome-type room whereas the inside geometrically closed frontier of echelon L is configured as the openwork spatial lattice, enveloping the external frontier of the outdoor echelon S, otherwise said both frontiers are constructed to coincide in part or in full.

4. The method as defined in claims 1 or 3, including the steps of:

composing the graphic-analytical model of intrusion vulnerability for each echelon regarding different situations of spatio-temporal behavior of the intruding object along their possible routing inside premises of the central echelon C, around buildings and works of short-range echelon S, within reach of ultrasound location inside the space of the long-range echelon L, where ingress or egress routings thru every echelon are searched according to the layout and architectural features of the available protective barriers against an intrusion, and various assumed ways of the intruder'"'"'s accessibility to the works and installations therein; and

verification of geometrical shape and dimensions of every echelon with respect to its predictive graphic-analytical model of intrusion vulnerability where said verification is accomplished by comparison of spatio-temporal parameters of intruder'"'"'s behavior with spatio-temporal parameters of ultrasound beams'"'"' propagation and signaling response in the previously prevailing directions of location.

5. The method as defined in claims 1 or 2 wherein the technique of ultrasound intrusion detection for each of said echelons is being chosen in the steps of:

selection of modes of ultrasonic beam response regarding commissioning of every echelon and in compliance with previously composed predictive graphic-analytical models of intrusion vulnerability for each echelon; and

definition of an erection diagram for disposition of ultrasound transceivers installed inside premises of the echelon C and mounted along the circumference of the echelon L, and for arrangement of the oppositely aligned pairs of transmitters and receivers along either adverse sides of the integral contour of single-level echelon S or adverse sides of the joining contours of juxtaposed portions of multi-sublevel echelon S where said disposition and arrangement are schematized in the form of straight-line or elbow-type rows, planar array or in the spatial lattice for each of said echelons with respect to said predictive echelons'"'"'graphic-analytical models of intrusion vulnerability and with requirements to close and overlap coverage of at least possible routings of intruding objects with ultrasound beam patterns operating in stationary or in scanning mode of location.

6. The method as defined in claims 1 or 4 wherein a generalized graphic-analytical model of intrusion vulnerability for an entire protected dome-type volumetric room around a critical object is composed, including the steps of:

designation of available stationary and movable physical barriers for prevention of the intruding object to the installations and works

definition of territorial contours and limits of operating time, where non-authorized presence or movement of an intruding object is considered as violation of access mode and an actual hazardous intrusion; and

plotting the intrusion event tree in the form of graphic representation or table matrices which identify the interrelations of sublevels inside any echelon, and among juxtaposed or non-adjacent echelons that are based on the sequence of the cause-effect events of an intrusion occurrence and definition of the menaces that appear due to the presence and motion of the intruding object, where

the graphic presentation of the intrusion event tree is fulfilled on floor plans of enclosed premises of echelon C and on the lay-out of the near field zone of echelon S for detection of intrusion cause-effect cross-linkages of intrusion menaces among sublevels inside echelons, and among juxtaposed and non-adjacent echelons C, S and L; and

where

the revealed data of said cross-linkages of intrusion menaces are used for setting up and analysis of said logical decision matrix, and for setting up said generalized resolving logical equation; and

further

setting up the generalized graphic-analytical model in the form of graphic-and-analytical representation of inter-echelon dependable vulnerability at occurrence of one or more intrusions in one or all of the echelons, where the analytical part of graphic-and-analytical representation is set with use of the situational logic transition.

7. The method as defined in claims 1 or 4 or 6 wherein the echelons'"'"' logical equations are set up in advance to reveal the menaces inside the echelons and sublevels therein based on said graphic-analytical models of intrusion vulnerability that is estimated by probable cause-effect damages of protected facilities and sequential losses rated on the basis of single-failure criterion, especially of the installations, belonging to some sublevels in one echelon or to different echelons concurrently;

where

the logical decision matrix of the control software algorithm is designed by placing top-down into echelons and their main column all the sublevels in the order of defense-in-depth structure, beginning from echelon L, and further by arranging factors of menaces, drawn from said echelons'"'"' logical equations, in the rows against the respective echelons and their sublevels in the order of diminishing rate of said factors of menaces;

where

the verifying logical matrix is designed for carrying out logic analysis for integrity of inter-echelon caution and self-checking signals for resolution of the goal function by the generalized resolving logical equation of the control software algorithm; and

where

said generalized resolving logical equation is set up in the result of the analysis of logical decision matrix and generalized graphic-analytical model of intrusion vulnerability with regard to the intrusion cause-effect cross-linkages among sublevels inside echelons, and among juxtaposed and non-adjacent echelons C, S and L.

8. The method as defined in claims 1 or 7 wherein the goal function of ultrasound intrusion detection is iteratively resolved during continuous status scan and data acquisition in the steps of:

solution of the echelons'"'"' logical equations for justification of intrusion menace; and

carrying-out running analysis of acquired facts of intrusion menaces by logical decision matrix; and

processing the generalized resolving logical equation by said control software algorithm with respect to the verifying logical matrix.