Acronym extraction system and method of identifying acronyms and extracting corresponding expansions from text

• US 7,236,923 B1
• Filed: 08/07/2002
• Issued: 06/26/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 08/07/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Peraton, Inc.
• Original Assignee: ITT Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. (ITT, Inc.)
• Inventors: Gupta, Kalyan M
• Primary Examiner(s): {hacek over (S)}mits; Talivaldis Ivars
• Assistant Examiner(s): Serrou; Abdelali
• Application Number:
  US10/212,914
• Time in Patent Office: 1,784 Days
• Field of Search: 704/2, 704/6, 704/9, 704/8, 704/7
• US Class Current: 704/9
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/284 Lexical analysis, e.g. tokenisation or collocates

Abstract

An acronym expansion system of the present invention receives electronic documents and extracts acronyms and their corresponding expansions. A part-of-speech tagger decomposes text into string tokens or words and tags them with their part-of-speech, while an acronym identifier determines whether a word is a potential acronym based on various conditions. An expansion identifier retrieves lists of words preceding and following a potential acronym to search for the expansion. The resulting word lists are examined sequentially to identify and retrieve an expansion for the potential acronym. An expansion extractor receives the potential acronym and a processed word list to retrieve the expansion of the potential acronym from that list. The extractor may utilize information from prior search iterations, and verifies an extracted expansion against a set of rules to remove spurious expansions.

Claims

1. A system for identifying abbreviated terms within text each representing a corresponding phrase of at least one term and extracting expansions of said abbreviated terms from said text in the form of said corresponding phrases comprising:

a processing system to receive said text and identify abbreviated terms and corresponding expansions therein, said processing system including;

an identification module to examine said text to identify at least one abbreviated term residing therein;

an expansion retrieval module to retrieve at least one portion of said text for an identified abbreviated term, wherein each retrieved text portion is located within said text proximate said identified abbreviated term; and

an expansion extraction module to compare said identified abbreviated term with at least one corresponding retrieved text portion to extract an expansion therefrom for said abbreviated term and to verify said extracted expansion to produce a valid expansion for said identified abbreviated term, wherein said expansion extraction module includes;

an expansion initialization module to examine a retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term and selectively produce at least one subset of said retrieved text portion for identifying and extracting said expansion, wherein said at least one subset is produced based on a comparison of an initial portion of said identified abbreviated term with initial portions of terms within said retrieved text portion; and

a search module to iteratively scan a retrieved text portion subset and compare successive portions of said identified abbreviated term to at least one term within a corresponding search window for said abbreviated term portion to identify corresponding expansion terms within that subset for said abbreviated term portions, wherein said search window includes a predetermined number of terms from said retrieved text portion subset and is movable within that subset, and wherein a current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window are respectively combined for a subsequent scan iteration with at least one prior abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window that identify a corresponding expansion term in response to failure of said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window to identify a corresponding expansion term.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one abbreviated term includes an acronym.

3. The system of claim 1 further including:

a classification module to determine a grammatical classification of each term within said text to enable identification of an abbreviated term and a corresponding valid expansion.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein said identification module includes:

a text attribute module to examine a term within said text and determine compliance of text term attributes with particular conditions in order to identify that text term as an abbreviated term.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein said conditions relate to at least one of:

said grammatical classification of a text term;

a length of a text term being within a particular range;

the presence of a predetermined delimiter within a text term;

an amount of capitalization within a text term;

an amount of numerals within a text term; and

a text term being a predetermined term excluded from consideration as an abbreviated term.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein said expansion retrieval module includes:

a portion size module to determine a number of terms to retrieve for each text portion based on a length of said identified abbreviated term.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein said expansion retrieval module retrieves a plurality of portions from said text for said identified abbreviated term, wherein said plurality of text portions for said identified abbreviated term includes a first portion located within said text preceding said identified abbreviated term and a second portion located within said text following said identified abbreviated term.

8. The system of claim 1 further including:

a decomposition module to selectively decompose terms within at least one retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term into individual sub-terms to facilitate identification of an expansion within that retrieved text portion.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein said decomposition module includes:

a term decomposition module to examine each term within said at least one retrieved text portion and decompose that term into said individual sub-terms in response to determining the presence within that term of at least one of;

a predetermined prefix and a predetermined delimiter.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein said expansion extraction module includes:

a term initialization module to expand an identified abbreviated term containing a numeral within a predetermined range by replacing a combination of said numeral and an immediately preceding character within that abbreviated term with a string including said preceding character repeated a number of instances corresponding to said numeral.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein said term initialization module includes:

a term conversion module to convert an identified abbreviated term in plural form to singular form.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein said expansion initialization module includes:

a subset module to identify terms within each examined text portion that include an initial portion containing a first character of said identified abbreviated term and to produce a corresponding subset for each identified term including said identified term and following terms within a corresponding examined text portion.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein said search module includes:

a subset search module to compare portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within said corresponding search windows to identify a corresponding expansion term for each abbreviated term portion, wherein said search window is modified in response to identification of an expansion term to include terms within said retrieved text portion subset following said identified expansion term.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein said subset search module includes:

an expansion term module to compare an abbreviated term portion to said terms within said search window and identify said corresponding expansion term for that abbreviated term portion in response to a search window term including that abbreviated term portion as a starting portion or within an initial portion of that search window term.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein said initial portion includes the initial thirty percent of said search window term.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein said subset search module includes:

a backtrack module to identify a corresponding expansion term for a current abbreviated term portion utilizing at least one previous abbreviated term portion and at least one term from a previous search window in response to a failure to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein said backtrack module includes:

a first level module to compare a combination of the current and previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within a previous search window to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein said backtrack module further includes:

a second level module to compare a combination of the current and a plurality of previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to a combination of terms including terms within a current search window and a plurality of previous identified expansion terms to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion in response to a failure by said first level module to identify that expansion term.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein said expansion extraction module includes:

a verification module to verify said extracted expansion against a set of verification rules that indicate a valid expansion in response to attributes of said extracted expansion satisfying particular conditions.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein said conditions relate to at least one of:

said extracted expansion including said identified abbreviated term, a predetermined delimiter or a predetermined expansion invalidating term;

numerals within said identified abbreviated term corresponding to numerals within said extracted expansion;

a first term of said extracted expansion including a predetermined expansion invalidating term;

a grammatical classification of a last term of said extracted expansion;

the presence of particular terms within said extracted expansion being skipped during identification of said extracted expansion; and

the presence of at least two terms within said extracted expansion containing an abbreviated term portion within an intermediate portion of those terms.

21. A method of identifying abbreviated terms within text each representing a corresponding phrase of at least one term and extracting expansions of said abbreviated terms from said text in the form of said corresponding phrases comprising:

(a) examining said text to identify at least one abbreviated term residing therein;

(b) retrieving at least one portion of said text for an identified abbreviated term, wherein each retrieved text portion is located within said text proximate said identified abbreviated term; and

(c) comparing said identified abbreviated term with at least one corresponding retrieved text portion to extract an expansion therefrom for said abbreviated term and verifying said extracted expansion to produce a valid expansion for said identified abbreviated term, wherein step (c) further includes;

(c.1) examining a retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term and selectively producing at least one subset of said retrieved text portion for identifying and extracting said expansion, wherein said at least one subset is produced based on a comparison of an initial portion of said identified abbreviated term with initial portions of terms within said retrieved text portion; and

(c.2) iteratively scanning a retrieved text portion subset and comparing successive portions of said identified abbreviated term to at least one term within a corresponding search window for said abbreviated term portion to identify corresponding expansion terms within that subset for said abbreviated term portions, wherein said search window includes a predetermined number of terms from said retrieved text portion subset and is movable within that subset, and wherein a current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window are respectively combined for a subsequent scan iteration with at least one prior abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window that identify a corresponding expansion term in response to failure of said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window to identify a corresponding expansion term.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said at least one abbreviated term includes an acronym.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein step (a) further includes:

(a.1) determining a grammatical classification of each term within said text to enable identification of an abbreviated term and a corresponding valid expansion.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein step (a.1) further includes:

(a.1.1) examining a term within said text and determining compliance of text term attributes with particular conditions in order to identify that text term as an abbreviated term.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein said conditions relate to at least one of:

said grammatical classification of a text term;

a length of a text term being within a particular range;

the presence of a predetermined delimiter within a text term;

an amount of capitalization within a text term;

an amount of numerals within a text term; and

a text term being a predetermined term excluded from consideration as an abbreviated term.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein step (b) further includes:

(b.1) determining a number of terms to retrieve for each text portion based on a length of said identified abbreviated term.

27. The method of claim 21, wherein step (b) further includes:

(b.1) retrieving a plurality of portions from said text for said identified abbreviated term, wherein said plurality of text portions for said identified abbreviated term includes a first portion located within said text preceding said identified abbreviated term and a second portion located within said text following said identified abbreviated term.

28. The method of claim 21, wherein step (b) further includes:

(b.1) selectively decomposing terms within at least one retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term into individual sub-terms to facilitate identification of an expansion within that retrieved text portion.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein step (b.1) further includes:

(b.1.1) examining each term within said at least one retrieved text portion and decomposing that term into said individual sub-terms in response to determining the presence within that term of at least one of;

a predetermined prefix and a predetermined delimiter.

30. The method of claim 21, wherein step (c.1) further includes:

(c.1.1) expanding an identified abbreviated term containing a numeral within a predetermined range by replacing a combination of said numeral and an immediately preceding character within that abbreviated term with a string including said preceding character repeated a number of instances corresponding to said numeral.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein step (c.1) further includes:

(c.1.2) converting an identified abbreviated term in plural form to singular form.

32. The method of claim 21, wherein step (c.1) further includes:

(c.1.1) identifying terms within each examined text portion that include an initial portion containing a first character of said identified abbreviated term and producing a corresponding subset for each identified term including said identified term and following terms within a corresponding examined text portion.

33. The method of claim 21, wherein step (c.2) further includes:

(c.2.1) comparing portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within said corresponding search windows to identify a corresponding expansion term for each abbreviated term portion, wherein said search window is modified in response to identification of an expansion term to include terms within said retrieved text portion subset following said identified expansion term.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein step (c.2.1) further includes:

(c.2.1.1) comparing an abbreviated term portion to said terms within said search window and identifying said corresponding expansion term for that abbreviated term portion in response to a search window term including that abbreviated term portion as a starting portion or within an initial portion of that search window term.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein said initial portion includes the initial thirty percent of said search window term.

36. The method of claim 33, wherein step (c.2.1) further includes:

(c.2.1.1) identifying a corresponding expansion term for a current abbreviated term portion utilizing at least one previous abbreviated term portion and at least one term from a previous search window in response to a failure to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein step (c.2.1.1) further includes:

(c.2.1.1.1) comparing a combination of the current and previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within a previous search window to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein step (c.2.1.1.1) further includes:

(c.2.1.1.2) comparing a combination of the current and a plurality of previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to a combination of terms including terms within a current search window and a plurality of previous identified expansion terms to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion in response to a failure to identify that expansion term within step (c.2.1.1.1).

39. The method of claim 21, wherein step (c) further includes:

(c.3) verifying said extracted expansion against a set of verification rules that indicate a valid expansion in response to attributes of said extracted expansion satisfying particular conditions.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein said conditions relate to at least one of:

said extracted expansion including said identified abbreviated term, a predetermined delimiter or a predetermined expansion invalidating term;

numerals within said identified abbreviated term corresponding to numerals within said extracted expansion;

a first term of said extracted expansion including a predetermined expansion invalidating term;

a grammatical classification of a last term of said extracted expansion;

the presence of particular terms within said extracted expansion being skipped during identification of said extracted expansion; and

the presence of at least two terms within said extracted expansion containing an abbreviated term portion within an intermediate portion of those terms.

41. A program product apparatus including a computer readable medium with computer program logic recorded thereon for identifying abbreviated terms within text each representing a corresponding phrase of at least one term and extracting expansions of said abbreviated terms from said text in the form of said corresponding phrases, said program product apparatus comprising:

an identification module to examine said text to identify at least one abbreviated term residing therein;

an expansion retrieval module to retrieve at least one portion of said text for an identified abbreviated term, wherein each retrieved text portion is located within said text proximate said identified abbreviated term; and

an expansion extraction module to compare said identified abbreviated term with at least one corresponding retrieved text portion to extract an expansion therefrom for said abbreviated term and to verify said extracted expansion to produce a valid expansion for said identified abbreviated term, wherein said expansion extraction module includes;

an expansion initialization module to examine a retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term and selectively produce at least one subset of said retrieved text portion for identifying and extracting said expansion, wherein said at least one subset is produced based on a comparison of an initial portion of said identified abbreviated term with initial portions of terms within said retrieved text portion; and

a search module to iteratively scan a retrieved text portion subset and compare successive portions of said identified abbreviated term to at least one term within a corresponding search window for said abbreviated term portion to identify corresponding expansion terms within that subset for said abbreviated term portions, wherein said search window includes a predetermined number of terms from said retrieved text portion subset and is movable within that subset, and wherein a current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window are respectively combined for a subsequent scan iteration with at least one prior abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window that identify a corresponding expansion term in response to failure of said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window to identify a corresponding expansion term.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said at least one abbreviated term includes an acronym.

43. The apparatus of claim 41 further including:

a classification module to determine a grammatical classification of each term within said text to enable identification of an abbreviated term and a corresponding valid expansion.

44. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said expansion retrieval module includes:

a portion size module to determine a number of terms to retrieve for each text portion based on a length of said identified abbreviated term.

45. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said expansion retrieval module retrieves a plurality of portions from said text for said identified abbreviated term, wherein said plurality of text portions for said identified abbreviated term includes a first portion located within said text preceding said identified abbreviated term and a second portion located within said text following said identified abbreviated term.

46. The apparatus of claim 41 further including:

a decomposition module to selectively decompose terms within at least one retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term into individual sub-terms to facilitate identification of an expansion within that retrieved text portion.

47. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said expansion initialization module includes:

a subset module to identify terms within each examined text portion that include an initial portion containing a first character of said identified abbreviated term and to produce a corresponding subset for each identified term including said identified term and following terms within a corresponding examined text portion.

48. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said search module includes:

a subset search module to compare portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within said corresponding search windows to identify a corresponding expansion term for each abbreviated term portion, wherein said search window is modified in response to identification of an expansion term to include terms within said retrieved text portion subset following said identified expansion term.

49. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein said subset search module includes:

an expansion term module to compare an abbreviated term portion to said terms within said search window and identify said corresponding expansion term for that abbreviated term portion in response to a search window term including that abbreviated term portion as a starting portion or within an initial portion of that search window term.

50. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein said subset search module includes:

a backtrack module to identify a corresponding expansion term for a current abbreviated term portion utilizing at least one previous abbreviated term portion and at least one term from a previous search window in response to a failure to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

51. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein said backtrack module includes:

a first level module to compare a combination of the current and previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within a previous search window to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

52. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein said backtrack module further includes:

a second level module to compare a combination of the current and a plurality of previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to a combination of terms including terms within a current search window and a plurality of previous identified expansion terms to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion in response to a failure by said first level module to identify that expansion term.

53. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said expansion extraction module includes:

a verification module to verify said extracted expansion against a set of verification rules that indicate a valid expansion in response to attributes of said extracted expansion satisfying particular conditions.

61. The method of claim 50, wherein step (c.2) further includes:

(c.2.1) comparing portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within said corresponding search windows to identify a corresponding expansion term for each abbreviated term portion, wherein said search window is modified in response to identification of an expansion term to include terms within said retrieved text portion subset following said identified expansion term.

62. The method of claim 61, wherein step (c.2.1) further includes:

(c.2.1.1) identifying a corresponding expansion term for a current abbreviated term portion utilizing at least one previous abbreviated term portion and at least one term from a previous search window in response to a failure to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

54. A system for identifying abbreviated terms within text each representing a corresponding phrase of at least one term and extracting expansions of said abbreviated terms from said text in the form of said corresponding phrases comprising:

a processing system to receive said text and identify abbreviated terms and corresponding expansions therein, said processing system including;

an identification module to examine said text to identify at least one abbreviated term residing therein;

an expansion retrieval module to retrieve a plurality of portions of said text for an identified abbreviated term, wherein said plurality of text portions for said identified abbreviated term includes a first portion located within said text preceding said identified abbreviated term and a second portion located within said text following said identified abbreviated term;

an expansion extraction module to compare said identified abbreviated term with at least one corresponding retrieved text portion to extract an expansion therefrom for said abbreviated term, wherein said expansion extraction module includes;

an expansion initialization module to examine a retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term and selectively produce at least one subset of said retrieved text portion for identifying and extracting said expansion, wherein said at least one subset is produced based on a comparison of an initial portion of said identified abbreviated term with initial portions of terms within said retrieved text portion; and

a search module to iteratively scan a retrieved text portion subset and compare successive portions of said identified abbreviated term to at least one term within a corresponding search window for said abbreviated term portion to identify corresponding expansion terms within that subset for said abbreviated term portions, wherein said search window includes a predetermined number of terms from said retrieved text portion subset and is movable within that subset, and wherein a current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window are respectively combined for a subsequent scan iteration with at least one prior abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window that identify a corresponding expansion term in response to failure of said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window to identify a corresponding expansion term.

55. The system of claim 54, wherein said at least one abbreviated term includes an acronym.

56. The system of claim 54, wherein said search module includes:

a subset search module to compare portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within said corresponding search windows to identify a corresponding expansion term for each abbreviated term portion, wherein said search window is modified in response to identification of an expansion term to include terms within said retrieved text portion subset following said identified expansion term.

57. The system of claim 56, wherein said subset search module includes:

a backtrack module to identify a corresponding expansion term for a current abbreviated term portion utilizing at least one previous abbreviated term portion and at least one term from a previous search window in response to a failure to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

58. The system of claim 54, wherein said expansion extraction module includes:

a verification module to verify said extracted expansion against a set of verification rules that indicate a valid expansion in response to attributes of said extracted expansion satisfying particular conditions.

59. A method of identifying abbreviated terms within text each representing a corresponding phrase of at least one term and extracting expansions of said abbreviated terms from said text in the form of said corresponding phrases comprising:

(a) examining said text to identify at least one abbreviated term residing therein;

(b) retrieving a plurality of portions of said text for an identified abbreviated term, wherein said plurality of text portions for said identified abbreviated term includes a first portion located within said text preceding said identified abbreviated term and a second portion located within said text following said identified abbreviated term; and

(c) comparing said identified abbreviated term with at least one corresponding retrieved text portion to extract an expansion therefrom for said abbreviated term, wherein step (c) further includes;

(c.1) examining a retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term and selectively producing at least one subset of said retrieved text portion for identifying and extracting said expansion, wherein said at least one subset is produced based on a comparison of an initial portion of said identified abbreviated term with initial portions of terms within said retrieved text portion; and

(c.2) iteratively scanning a retrieved text portion subset and comparing successive portions of said identified abbreviated term to at least one term within a corresponding search window for said abbreviated term portion to identify corresponding expansion terms within that subset for said abbreviated term portions, wherein said search window includes a predetermined number of terms from said retrieved text portion subset and is movable within that subset, and wherein a current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window are respectively combined for a subsequent scan iteration with at least one prior abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window that identify a corresponding expansion term in response to failure of said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window to identify a corresponding expansion term.

60. The method of claim 59, wherein said at least one abbreviated term includes an acronym.

63. The method of claim 59, wherein step (c) further includes:

(c.3) verifying said extracted expansion against a set of verification rules that indicate a valid expansion in response to attributes of said extracted expansion satisfying particular conditions.

64. A program product apparatus including a computer readable medium with computer program logic recorded thereon for identifying abbreviated terms within text each representing a corresponding phrase of at least one term and extracting expansions of said abbreviated terms from said text in the form of said corresponding phrases, said program product apparatus comprising:

an identification module to examine said text to identify at least one abbreviated term residing therein;

an expansion retrieval module to retrieve a plurality of portions of said text for an identified abbreviated term, wherein said plurality of text portions for said identified abbreviated term includes a first portion located within said text preceding said identified abbreviated term and a second portion located within said text following said identified abbreviated term;

an expansion extraction module to compare said identified abbreviated term with at least one corresponding retrieved text portion to extract an expansion therefrom for said abbreviated term, wherein said expansion extraction module includes;

an expansion initialization module to examine a retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term and selectively produce at least one subset of said retrieved text portion for identifying and extracting said expansion, wherein said at least one subset is produced based on a comparison of an initial portion of said identified abbreviated term with initial portions of terms within said retrieved text portion; and

a search module to iteratively scan a retrieved text portion subset and compare successive portions of said identified abbreviated term to at least one term within a corresponding search window for said abbreviated term portion to identify corresponding expansion terms within that subset for said abbreviated term portions, wherein said search window includes a predetermined number of terms from said retrieved text portion subset and is movable within that subset, and wherein a current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window are respectively combined for a subsequent scan iteration with at least one prior abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window that identify a corresponding expansion term in response to failure of said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window to identify a corresponding expansion term.

65. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein said at least one abbreviated term includes an acronym.

66. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein said search module includes:

a subset search module to compare portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within said corresponding search windows to identify a corresponding expansion term for each abbreviated term portion, wherein said search window is modified in response to identification of an expansion term to include terms within said retrieved text portion subset following said identified expansion term.

67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein said subset search module includes:

a backtrack module to identify a corresponding expansion term for a current abbreviated term portion utilizing at least one previous abbreviated term portion and at least one term from a previous search window in response to a failure to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

68. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein said expansion extraction module includes:

a verification module to verify said extracted expansion against a set of verification rules that indicate a valid expansion in response to attributes of said extracted expansion satisfying particular conditions.

69. A system for identifying abbreviated terms within text each representing a corresponding phrase of at least one term and extracting expansions of said abbreviated terms from said text in the form of said corresponding phrases comprising:

a processing system to receive said text and identify abbreviated terms and corresponding expansions therein, said processing system including;

an identification module to examine said text to identify at least one abbreviated term residing therein;

an expansion retrieval module to retrieve at least one portion of said text for an identified abbreviated term, wherein each retrieved text portion is located within said text proximate said identified abbreviated term; and

an expansion extraction module to compare portions of said identified abbreviated term with at least one corresponding retrieved text portion to extract an expansion therefrom for said abbreviated term, wherein said expansion extraction module includes;

an expansion initialization module to examine a retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term and selectively produce at least one subset of said retrieved text portion for identifying and extracting said expansion, wherein said at least one subset is produced based on a comparison of an initial portion of said identified abbreviated term with initial portions of terms within said retrieved text portion; and

a search module to iteratively scan a retrieved text portion subset and compare successive portions of said identified abbreviated term to at least one term within a corresponding search window for said abbreviated term portion to identify corresponding expansion terms within that subset for said abbreviated term portions, wherein said search window includes a predetermined number of terms from said retrieved text portion subset and is movable within that subset, and wherein said search module includes;

a backtrack module to identify a corresponding expansion term for a current abbreviated term portion utilizing information from at least one previous abbreviated term portion comparison, wherein said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window are respectively combined for a subsequent scan iteration with at least one prior abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window that identify a corresponding expansion term in response to failure of said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window to identify a corresponding expansion term.

70. The system of claim 69, wherein said at least one abbreviated term includes an acronym.

71. The system of claim 69, wherein said search module further includes:

a subset search module to compare said portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within said corresponding search windows to identify a corresponding expansion term for each abbreviated term portion, wherein said search window is modified in response to identification of an expansion term to include terms within said retrieved text portion subset following said identified expansion term.

72. The system of claim 71, wherein said backtrack module includes:

a first level module to compare a combination of the current and previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within a previous search window to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

73. The system of claim 72, wherein said backtrack module further includes:

a second level module to compare a combination of the current and a plurality of previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to a combination of terms including terms within a current search window and a plurality of previous identified expansion terms to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion in response to a failure by said first level module to identify that expansion term.

74. The system of claim 69, wherein said expansion extraction module includes:

a verification module to verify said extracted expansion against a set of verification rules that indicate a valid expansion in response to attributes of said extracted expansion satisfying particular conditions.

75. A method of identifying abbreviated terms within text each representing a corresponding phrase of at least one term and extracting expansions of said abbreviated terms from said text in the form of said corresponding phrases comprising:

(a) examining said text to identify at least one abbreviated term residing therein;

(b) retrieving at least one portion of said text for an identified abbreviated term, wherein each retrieved text portion is located within said text proximate said identified abbreviated term; and

(c) comparing portions of said identified abbreviated term with at least one corresponding retrieved text portion to extract an expansion therefrom, wherein step (c) further includes;

(c.1) examining a retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term and selectively producing at least one subset of said retrieved text portion for identifying and extracting said expansion, wherein said at least one subset is produced based on a comparison of an initial portion of said identified abbreviated term with initial portions of terms within said retrieved text portion; and

(c.2) iteratively scanning a retrieved text portion subset and comparing successive portions of said identified abbreviated term to at least one term within a corresponding search window for said abbreviated term portion to identify corresponding expansion terms within that subset for said abbreviated term portions, wherein said search window includes a predetermined number of terms from said retrieved text portion subset and is movable within that subset, and in response to a failure of said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window to identify a corresponding expansion term, identifying a corresponding expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion utilizing information from at least one previous abbreviated term portion comparison, wherein said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window are respectively combined for a subsequent scan iteration with at least one prior abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window that identify a corresponding expansion term.

76. The method of claim 75, wherein said at least one abbreviated term includes an acronym.

77. The method of claim 75, wherein step (c.2) further includes:

(c.2.1) comparing said portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within said corresponding search windows to identify a corresponding expansion term for each abbreviated term portion, wherein said search window is modified in response to identification of an expansion term to include terms within said retrieved text portion subset following said identified expansion term.

78. The method of claim 77, wherein step (c.2.1) further includes:

(c.2.1.1) in response to said failure to identify said expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion, comparing a combination of the current and previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within a previous search window to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

79. The method of claim 78, wherein step (c.2.1) further includes:

(c.2.1.2) in response to a failure to identify an expansion term in step (c.2.1.1), comparing a combination of the current and a plurality of previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to a combination of terms including terms within a current search window and a plurality of previous identified expansion terms to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

80. The method of claim 75, wherein step (c) further includes:

(c.3) verifying said extracted expansion against a set of verification rules that indicate a valid expansion in response to attributes of said extracted expansion satisfying particular conditions.

81. A program product apparatus including a computer readable medium with computer program logic recorded thereon for identifying abbreviated terms within text each representing a corresponding phrase of at least one term and extracting expansions of said abbreviated terms from said text in the form of said corresponding phrases, said program product apparatus comprising:

an identification module to examine said text to identify at least one abbreviated term residing therein;

an expansion retrieval module to retrieve at least one portion of said text for an identified abbreviated term, wherein each retrieved text portion is located within said text proximate said identified abbreviated term; and

an expansion extraction module to compare portions of said identified abbreviated term with at least one corresponding retrieved text portion to extract an expansion therefrom for said abbreviated term, wherein said expansion extraction module includes;

an expansion initialization module to examine a retrieved text portion for said identified abbreviated term and selectively produce at least one subset of said retrieved text portion for identifying and extracting said expansion, wherein said at least one subset is produced based on a comparison of an initial portion of said identified abbreviated term with initial portions of terms within said retrieved text portion; and

a search module to iteratively scan a retrieved text portion subset and compare successive portions of said identified abbreviated term to at least one term within a corresponding search window for said abbreviated term portion to identify corresponding expansion terms within that subset for said abbreviated term portions, wherein said search window includes a predetermined number of terms from said retrieved text portion subset and is movable within that subset, and wherein said search module includes;

a backtrack module to identify a corresponding expansion term for a current abbreviated term portion utilizing information from at least one previous abbreviated term portion comparison, wherein said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window are respectively combined for a subsequent scan iteration with at least one prior abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window that identify a corresponding expansion term in response to failure of said current abbreviated term portion and corresponding search window to identify a corresponding expansion term.

82. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein said at least one abbreviated term includes an acronym.

83. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein said search module further includes:

a subset search module to compare said portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within said corresponding search windows to identify a corresponding expansion term for each abbreviated term portion, wherein said search window is modified in response to identification of an expansion term to include terms within said retrieved text portion subset following said identified expansion term.

84. The apparatus of claim 83, wherein said backtrack module includes:

a first level module to compare a combination of the current and previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to terms within a previous search window to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion.

85. The apparatus of claim 84, wherein said backtrack module further includes:

a second level module to compare a combination of the current and a plurality of previous portions of said identified abbreviated term to a combination of terms including terms within a current search window and a plurality of previous identified expansion terms to identify an expansion term for said current abbreviated term portion in response to a failure by said first level module to identify that expansion term.

86. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein said expansion extraction module includes:

a verification module to verify said extracted expansion against a set of verification rules that indicate a valid expansion in response to attributes of said extracted expansion satisfying particular conditions.