Communicating with implanted wireless sensor

• US 7,245,117 B1
• Filed: 04/13/2005
• Issued: 07/17/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 11/01/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: St. Jude Medical Luxembourg Holdings Ii S.A.R.L.
• Original Assignee: CardioMEMS Incorporated
• Inventors: Allen, Mark, Ellis, Michael, Pyle, Wilton, Joy, James, Kroh, Jason
• Primary Examiner(s): Hirshfeld; Andrew H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dole; Timothy J.
• Application Number:
  US11/105,294
• Time in Patent Office: 825 Days
• Field of Search: 324/76.53, 324/76.52, 324/601
• US Class Current: 324/76.53
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0219 of externally powered implanted units
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0223 of calibration, e.g. protocols for calibrating sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0002 Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network A61B5/07 takes precedence; transmission systems for measured values G08C; transmission H04B; transmission of digital information H04L; wireless communication networks H04W
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0031 Implanted circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/05 Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves impedance plethysmography A61B5/0295; measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof A61B5/11; detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof A61B5/24
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/076 Permanent implantations telemetry using implanted circuitry A61B5/0031; implanted stimulators for therapy A61N1/3605, A61N1/362, A61N1/372
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 21/00 Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 15/066 involving magnetic transmission devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 23/12 by converting frequency into phase shift
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 23/145 by heterodyning or by beat-frequency comparison with the harmonic of an oscillator

Abstract

The present invention determines the resonant frequency of a sensor by adjusting the phase and frequency of an energizing signal until the frequency of the energizing signal matches the resonant frequency of the sensor. The system energizes the sensor with a low duty cycle, gated burst of RF energy having a predetermined frequency or set of frequencies and a predetermined amplitude. The energizing signal is coupled to the sensor via magnetic coupling and induces a current in the sensor which oscillates at the resonant frequency of the sensor. The system receives the ring down response of the sensor via magnetic coupling and determines the resonant frequency of the sensor, which is used to calculate the measured physical parameter. The system uses a pair of phase locked loops to adjust the phase and the frequency of the energizing signal.

Claims

1. A method for determining a resonant frequency of a wireless sensor, comprising:

adjusting a phase of an energizing signal using a first phase lock loop (PLL) by;

generating the energizing signal with a first phase and a first frequency;

receiving a calibration signal via a receiver during a first period;

sampling the calibration signal;

determining a first phase difference between the sampled calibration signal and a reference signal; and

based on the first phase difference adjusting the phase of the energizing signal to reduce the first phase difference;

adjusting a frequency of the energizing signal using a second PLL by;

energizing the wireless sensor;

receiving a sensor signal from the wireless sensor during a second period;

processing the sensor signal with the reference signal;

sampling the processed signal;

determining a second phase difference between the sampled signal and the energizing signal;

based on the second phase difference adjusting the frequency of the energizing signal to reduce the phase difference; and

determining the frequency of the energizing signal when the second PLL is locked; and

using the frequency of the energizing signal when the second PLL is locked to determine the resonant frequency of the sensor.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein using the frequency of the energizing signal when the second PLL is locked to determine the resonant frequency of the sensor, comprises:

determining that the resonant frequency of the sensor corresponds to the frequency of the energizing signal.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

using the resonant frequency of the sensor to determine a physical parameter associated with the sensor.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting a phase of an energizing signal is repeated until the phase difference between the sampled calibration signal and the reference signal is a predetermined value.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting a frequency of the energizing signal is repeated until the phase difference between the sampled signal and the energizing signal is a predetermined value.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first phase and the first frequency correspond to sensor calibration parameters.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the energizing signal is a pulsed signal having a pulse repetition frequency and wherein a pulse has a predetermined amplitude and a predefined frequency characteristic.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the predefined frequency characteristic is a single frequency.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the predefined frequency characteristic is a set of frequencies.

10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

adjusting the pulse repetition frequency.

11. The method of claim 7, further comprising:

adjusting the phase of the energizing signal; and

adjusting a phase of the reference signal to match the adjustment of the phase of the energizing signal.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining a signal strength of the sensor signal; and

if the signal strength of the sensor signal is below a predetermined threshold, then preventing the second PLL from locking.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

determining a relationship between the second phase difference and time; and

if the relationship does not satisfy a predetermined criteria, then suppressing the signal strength of the sensor signal.