Wireless transmission using an adaptive transmit antenna array

• US 7,248,645 B2
• Filed: 04/18/2003
• Issued: 07/24/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Whinnett, Nicholas, Vialle, Sandrine, Buljore, Soodesh
• Primary Examiner(s): Payne; David C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, LEON VIET Q
• Application Number:
  US10/509,309
• Publication Number:
  US 20050117660A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,558 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 375/299
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7115 Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0634 Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0639 Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0654 at the receiver, e.g. antenna verification at mobile station
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0671 using different delays between antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0673 using feedback from receiving side
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0845 per branch equalization, e.g. by an FIR-filter or RAKE receiver per antenna branch rake receivers as such H04B1/7115
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0854 using error minimizing algorithms, e.g. minimum mean squared error [MMSE], "cross-correlation" or matrix inversion
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0891 Space-time diversity rake receivers H04B1/7115; space-time decoding H04L1/0631
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0204 of multiple channels

Abstract

Closed loop wireless communication of signals using an adaptive transmit antenna array, in which multiple copies of signals to be transmitted by the transmit antenna array are produced with delays and weights that are functions of the multi-path transmission channel characteristics from the transmit antenna array to a receive antenna array of a receiver and are combined before transmission by the transmit antenna array. The delays and weights of the transmit copies for each transmit antenna element are functions of the respective multi-path transmission channel characteristics from that transmit antenna element to the receive antenna array such that the multi-path signal components propagated to each receiver element are received with distinguishable delays according to the propagation path. The receiver combines the received signal components from each receive antenna element with delays and weights that are respective functions of the multi-path transmission channels.

Claims

1. A method of closed loop wireless communication of signals using an adaptive transmit antenna array of size N, in which a plurality M of copies of signals to be transmitted by said transmit antenna array are produced with delays and weights where the weights are functions of the multi-path transmission channel characteristics (H) from said transmit antenna array to a receive antenna array of a receiver and are combined before transmission by said transmit antenna array, the method comprising:

setting said weights substantially equal to a vector w, which is a concatenation of vectors w₁, w₂, . . . w_N, where w_i=(w_i,1, w_i,2, . . . w_i,M)^t represents the coefficients of the FIR filter applied on transmit antenna #i and M is the number of elementary time intervals in the FIR filter delay scheme,

calculating w to be substantially equal to the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the matrix H^HH, where H is the matrix of the equivalent channel seen by the symbol data and H^H is the Hermitian transform of the matrix H,

receiving the multi-path signal components propagated to each receiver element with distinguishable delays according to the propagation path, and

combining by said receiver the received signal components from each receive antenna element with delays and weights (u) that are respective functions of the multi-path transmission channels, wherein said delays and weights applied by said receiver are substantially equal to

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver comprises a multi-finger RAKE receiver that copies the received signals from said receive antenna array with the delays and weights (u).

3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said delays and weights are calculated such as to maximise at least approximately the output of said receiver.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number and delay position of said multi-path transmit copies are selected as a function of the number of multi-path trajectories between the transmit antennas and the receive antennas.

5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the delay positions of said multi-path transmit copies for a given transmit antenna element and the receive antenna array are selected to be substantially equal to 0, q_Q−

q<sub>Q−

1</sub>, . . . , q_Q−

q₁, where q₁T_s, q₂T_s, . . . , q_QT_s, represent the delays of the Q non-null trajectories between that transmit antenna element and the receive antenna array.

6. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein w is calculated to be substantially equal to the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the matrix G^HG, where G^H is the Hermitian transform of the matrix G and G is derived from H, which is the matrix of the equivalent channel seen by the symbol data, by setting to null the weight columns in the matrix corresponding to unselected delay values.

7. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein said delays and weights applied by said receiver are substantially equal to

8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maximum delay between said multi-path transmit copies for any one transmit antenna is substantially equal to the maximum delay between the multi-path trajectories between that transmit antenna and the receive antennas.

9. A transmitter for closed loop wireless communication of signals comprising an adaptive transmit antenna array of size N, finite impulse response filter means for producing a plurality M of multi-path copies of the signals to be transmitted by said transmit antenna array with delays and weights that are functions of the multi-path transmission channel characteristics (H) from said transmit antenna array to a receive antenna array and for combining the copied signals before transmission by the transmit antenna array, the transmitter comprising:

means for setting said weights substantially equal to a vector w, which is a concatenation of vectors w₁, w₂, . . . w_N, where w_i=(w_i,1, w_i,2, . . . , w_i,M)^t represents the coefficients of the FIR filter applied on transmit antenna #i and M is the number of elementary time intervals in the FIR filter delay scheme,

means for calculating w to be substantially equal to the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the matrix H^HH, where H is the matrix of the equivalent channel seen by the symbol data and H^H is the Hermitian transform of the matrix H, and

means for propagating the multi-path signal components to each receiver element which are received with distinguishable delays according to the propagation path, and that the transmitted signals are suitable for reception by a receiver that combines the received signal components from each receive antenna element with delays and weights (u) that are respective functions of the multi-path transmission channels, wherein said delays and weights applied by said receiver are substantially equal to

10. A transmitter as claimed in claim 9, comprising channel information means for receiving channel information from said receiver.

11. A transmitter as claimed in claim 10, wherein said channel information means comprises a store for possible delay and weight combination functions of the copied signals and said channel information means identifies delay and weight combination functions from said store as a function of said channel information from said receiver.

12. A receiver comprising a receive antenna array having at least one receive antenna for reception by closed loop wireless communication of signals from a transmitter comprising an adaptive transmit antenna array of size N, in which a plurality M of copies of signals to be transmitted by said transmit antenna array are produced with delays and weights where the weights are functions of the multi-path transmission channel characteristics (H) from said transmit antenna array to a receive antenna array of a receiver and are combined before transmission by said transmit antenna array, said receiver comprises:

receiving means for receiving the multi-path signal components having weights substantially equal to a vector w, which is a concatenation of vectors w₁, w₂, . . . w_N, where w_i=(w_i,1, w_i,2, . . . , w_i,M)^t represents the coefficients of the FIR filter applied on transmit antenna #i and M is the number of elementary time intervals in the FIR filter delay scheme, and with w calculated to be substantially equal to the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the matrix H^HH, where H is the matrix of the equivalent channel seen by the symbol data and H^H is the Hermitian transform of the matrix H, said multi-path signal components propagated to each receiver element are received with distinguishable delays according to the propagation path, and

combining means for combining the received signal components from each receive antenna element with delays and weights (u) that are respective functions of the multi-path transmission channels, wherein said delays and weights applied by said receiver are substantially equal to

13. A receiver as claimed in claim 12, wherein said receiver comprises a multi-finger RAKE receiver that copies the received signals from said receive antenna array with the delays and weights (u).

14. A receiver as claimed in claim 12, comprising channel information means for sending channel information to said transmitter.

15. A receiver as claimed in claim 14, wherein said channel information means comprises a store for possible delay and weight combination functions of the copied signals and said channel information means identifies functions from said store as a function of said channel information for said transmitter.