Enzyme electrodes and method of manufacture
First Claim
1. A non-mediated enzyme electrode for indicating amperometrically the catalytic activity of an oxidoreductase enzyme in the presence of a fluid containing a substance acted upon by said enzyme and of an electric potential on the electrode, said electrode comprising a base substrate on which is provided:
- (a) an electrically conductive base layer comprising finely divided platinum group metal or oxide bonded together by a resin;
(b) a top layer printed or coated on the base layer, said top layer comprising a buffer and being soluble in said fluid; and
(c) a catalytically active quantity of said oxidoreductase enzyme in at least one of said base layer and said top layer.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A non-mediated enzyme electrode comprises a base substrate (2) on which is provided an electrically conductive base layer (8) comprising finely divided platinum group metal or oxide bonded together by a resin; a top layer on the base layer (8), the top layer comprising a buffer. A catalytically active quantity of an oxidoreductase enzyme is provided in at least one of the base layer and the top layer. The invention also provides a biosensor (20) which includes an enzyme electrode, and methods of manufacturing the enzyme electrode and biosensor.
220 Citations
43 Claims
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1. A non-mediated enzyme electrode for indicating amperometrically the catalytic activity of an oxidoreductase enzyme in the presence of a fluid containing a substance acted upon by said enzyme and of an electric potential on the electrode, said electrode comprising a base substrate on which is provided:
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(a) an electrically conductive base layer comprising finely divided platinum group metal or oxide bonded together by a resin; (b) a top layer printed or coated on the base layer, said top layer comprising a buffer and being soluble in said fluid; and (c) a catalytically active quantity of said oxidoreductase enzyme in at least one of said base layer and said top layer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. A non-mediated biosensor for indicating amperometrically the catalytic activity of an oxidoreductase enzyme in the presence of a fluid containing a substance acted upon by said enzyme, the biosensor comprising:
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(a) a base substrate; (b) a working electrode and a reference electrode on the base substrate; (c) conductive tracks connected to the said electrodes for making electrical connections with a test meter apparatus; wherein the working electrode includes; (d) an electrically conductive base layer comprising finely divided platinum group metal or oxide bonded together by a resin; (e) a top layer printed or coated on the base layer, said top layer comprising a buffer and being soluble in said fluid; and (f) a catalytically active quantity of said oxidoreductase enzyme in at least one of said base layer and said top layer. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A method of manufacturing a non-mediated biosensor for indicating amperometrically the catalytic activity of an oxidoreductase enzyme in the presence of a fluid containing a substance acted upon by said enzyme, the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) taking a base substrate having a working electrode and a reference electrode thereon, and conductive tracks connected to the said working and reference electrodes for making electrical connections with a test meter apparatus; (b) printing on the said working electrode an ink containing finely divided platinum group metal or oxide and a resin binder; (c) causing or permitting the said printed ink to dry to form an electrically conductive base layer comprising the said platinum group metal or oxide bonded together by the resin; and (d) forming a top layer on the base layer by printing or coating the base layer with a coating medium comprising or containing a buffer, the top layer being soluble in said fluid;
wherein(e) a catalytically active quantity of said oxidoreductase enzyme is provided in at least one of said printed ink and said coating medium. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
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41. A non-mediated enzyme electrode for indicating amperometrically the catalytic activity of glucose oxidase in the presence of glucose in whole blood and of an electric potential on the electrode, said electrode comprising a base substrate on which is provided:
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(a) an electrically conductive base layer comprising finely divided platinum group metal or oxide bonded together by a bonding agent; (b) a top layer printed or coated on the base layer, said top layer comprising a buffer having a range from about pH 7 to about pH 8.5, and said top layer being soluble in whole blood; and (c) a catalytically active quantity of glucose oxidase in at least one of said base layer and said top layer.
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42. A biosensor for indicating amperometrically the catalytic activity of glucose oxidase in the presence of glucose in whole blood, the biosensor comprising:
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(a) a base substrate; (b) a working electrode and a reference electrode on the base substrate; (c) conductive tracks connected to the said electrodes for making electrical connections with a test meter apparatus; wherein the working electrode comprises; (d) an electrically conductive base layer comprising finely divided platinum group metal or oxide bonded together by a bonding agent; (e) a top layer printed or coated on the base layer, said top layer comprising a buffer having a range from about pH 7 to about pH 8.5, and said top layer being soluble in said whole blood; and (f) a catalytically active quantity of said glucose oxidase in at least one of said base layer and said top layer.
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43. A method of manufacturing a non-mediated biosensor for indicating amperometrically the catalytic activity of glucose oxidase in the presence of glucose in whole blood, the method comprising the steps of:
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(a) taking a base substrate having a working electrode and a reference electrode thereon, and conductive tracks connected to the said working and reference electrodes for making electrical connections with a test meter apparatus; (b) printing on the said working electrode an ink containing finely divided platinum group metal or oxide and a bonding agent; (c) causing or permitting the said printed ink to dry to form an electrically conductive base layer comprising the said platinum group metal or oxide bonded together by the resin; (d) forming a top layer on the base layer by printing or coating the base layer with a coating fluid containing a buffer and having a pH in the range about 7.0 to 8.5, said top layer being soluble in said whole blood;
wherein(e) a catalytically active quantity of said glucose oxidase is provided in at least one of said printed ink and said coating fluid.
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Specification