Content routing services protocol

• US 7,251,681 B1
• Filed: 12/17/2004
• Issued: 07/31/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Gourlay, Douglas
• Primary Examiner(s): WON, MICHAEL YOUNG
• Application Number:
  US11/015,843
• Time in Patent Office: 956 Days
• Field of Search: 709/226, 709/242, 709/248, 709/214, 709/216, 709/219, 709/238, 707/205, 711/118
• US Class Current: 709/214
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/288 Distributed intermediate devices, i.e. intermediate devices for interaction with other intermediate devices on the same level
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/5682 Policies or rules for updating, deleting or replacing the stored data
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/63 Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99953 Recoverability
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99956 File allocation

Abstract

Layer 7 switching may be accomplished using one or more caches placed throughout a computer network. Changes to a file on a server may be detected and propagated throughout the network. At the switch or router level, once notification of changes to a file is received, the content may be retrieved from the server and placed in a connected cache. A routing table entry may be created for the content and also placed in the cache. The routing table entry may contain an original location field identifying the original location of the content, a distance field indicating a distance from the cache to the server, and a field indicating a version number of the content. Additional fields may also be contained within the routing table entry. When a user requests a specific file, rather than forward the request directly to the server containing the original file, the request may be handled by the router closest to the user which has a connected cache containing the content. This allows a user'"'"'s request to be handled much more quickly and efficiently than prior art solutions.

Claims

1. A method for making content available for users in a computer network, the content having an original location, the method including:

forwarding the content to one or more caches distributed throughout the computer network, each of said caches coupled to a switch or router;

storing the content in each of said one or more caches;

storing a record identifying said content in each of said one or more caches, said record for any particular cache of said one or more caches having an original location field identifying the original location of said content, a distance field indicating a distance from said particular cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a field indicating a version number of said content; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said record with the original location field identical to said original location of said content.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said original location of said content includes a hypertext transfer protocol uniform resource locator.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said record further includes a field indicating an IP address for a web server hosting said content.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said field indicating an IP address further indicates a port number.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said record further includes a field indicating a date and time of the last update to the record.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said record further includes a field having a billing token or certificate for content peering between providers.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said record further includes a tag field indicating a Quality of Service process to be applied when a user attempts to access the content.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said record further includes a cache bypass field indicating whether said content need not be stored in said particular cache.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein said record further includes a server load balancing field indicating a server load balancing process to be applied when a user attempts to access the content.

10. A method for making content available for users in a computer network, the content having an original location, the method including:

receiving the content forwarded from the original location;

storing the content in a cache coupled to a switch or router;

storing a record identifying the content in said cache, said record having an original location field identifying the original location of said content, a distance field indicating a distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a field indicating a version number of said content; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said record with the original location field identical to said original location of said content.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein said original location of said content includes a hypertext transfer protocol uniform resource locator.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein said record further includes a field indicating an IP address for a web server hosting said content.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein said field indicating an IP address further indicates a port number.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein said record further includes a field indicating a date and time of the last update to the record.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein said record further includes a field having a billing token or certificate for content peering between providers.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein said record further includes a tag field indicating a Quality of Service process to be applied when a user attempts to access the content.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein said record further includes a cache bypass field indicating whether said content need not be stored in said cache.

18. The method of claim 10, wherein said record further includes a server load balancing field indicating a server load balancing process to be applied when a user attempts to access the content.

19. A method for updating content in a computer network, the content located at a web server and having an original location, the method including:

creating a routing table entry for the content in a cache, said routing table entry having a record with a location field with the original location of said content, a distance field indicating the distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a version number field indicating a version number of said content;

forwarding said routing table entry to another of one or more caches in the computer network to allow said another of one or more caches to create a routing table entry for the content; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said routing table entry with the location field identical to said original location of said content.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein said field with the original location of the content includes a hypertext transfer protocol uniform resource locator.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein said record further includes a field indicating an IP address for the web server.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said field indicating the IP address further indicates a port number.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein said record further includes a field indicating the date and time of the last update to the record.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein said record further includes a field having a billing token or certificate for content peering between providers.

25. The method of claim 19, wherein said record further includes a tag field indicating a Quality of Service process to be applied when a user attempts to access the content.

26. The method of claim 19, wherein said record further includes a cache bypass field indicating whether said content need not be stored in said cache.

27. The method of claim 19, wherein said record further includes a server load balancing field indicating a server load balancing process to be applied when a user attempts to access the content.

28. The method of claim 19, further including:

determining if a record corresponding to an older version of said content is already stored in said cache; and

retrieving the content from said original location and storing it in said cache if a record corresponding to an older version of said content is already stored in said cache.

29. The method of claim 20, wherein said determining include examining said version number field of said record and comparing it with version number fields in records with identical location fields.

30. The method of claim 20, further including:

detecting the alteration of the content with a server load balancer through polling of the web server.

31. The method of claim 20, further including:

notifying a server load balancer that the content has been altered.

32. An apparatus for updating content in a computer network, the content located at a web server and having an original location, the apparatus including:

a cache;

a routing table entry creator coupled to said cache, wherein said routing table entry creator creates a routing table entry for the content in a cache, said routing table entry having a record with a location field with the original location of said content, a distance field indicating the distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information;

a routing table entry forwarder coupled to said cache and to said routing table entry creator; and

a request transferer coupled to said cache to transfer said request to a second cache closer to the original location address than a first cache as determined by a distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said routing table entry with the location field identical to said original location of said content.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, further including:

a record version determiner coupled to said cache; and

a content retriever coupled to said record version determiner.

34. The apparatus of claim 32, further including a cache-to-original-location distance recomputer coupled to said routing table entry creator.

35. An apparatus for handling a request for content from a user in a computer network, including:

a request receiver for receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information;

a cache;

an original location address examiner coupled to said request receiver and to said cache to examine an original location address in a header in the request;

an original location address comparator coupled to said original location address examiner and to said cache receiving the request at a switch or router to compare said original location address with one or more entries in a table in a first cache coupled to said switch or router, if said first cache exists;

a content forwarder coupled to said original location address comparator and to said cache to forward content from said first cache to said user if an entry in said table in said first cache has an original location field identical to said original location address; and

a request transferer coupled to said request receiver and to said original location address comparator to transfer said request to a second cache closer to the original location address than said first cache as determined by a distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said table with an original location field identical to said original location address.

36. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine for making content available for users in a computer network, the content having an original location, the method including:

forwarding the content to one or more caches distributed throughout the computer network, each of said caches coupled to a switch or router;

storing the content in each of said one or more caches;

storing a record identifying said content in each of said one or more caches, said record for any particular cache of said one or more caches having an original location field identifying the original location of said content, a distance field indicating a distance from said particular cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a field indicating a version number of said content; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said record with the original location field identical to said original location of said content.

37. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine for making content available for users in a computer network, the content having an original location, the method including:

receiving the content forwarded from the original location;

storing the content in a cache coupled to a switch or router;

storing a record identifying the content in said cache, said record having an original location field identifying the original location of said content, a distance field indicating a distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a field indicating a version number of said content; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said record with the original location field identical to said original location of said content.

38. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine for updating content in a computer network, the content located at a web server and having an original location, the method including:

creating a routing table entry for the content in a cache, said routing table entry having a record with a location field with the original location of said content, a distance field indicating the distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a version number field indicating a version number of said content;

forwarding said routing table entry to another of one or more caches in the computer network;

repeating said creating and forwarding for each of said one or more caches; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said routing table entry with the location field identical to said original location of said content.

39. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine for updating content in a computer network, the content located at a web server and having an original location, the method including:

creating a routing table entry for the content in a cache, said routing table entry having a record with a location field with the original location of said content, a distance field indicating the distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a version number field indicating a version number of said content;

forwarding said routing table entry to another of one or more caches in the computer network to allow said another of one or more caches to create a routing table entry for the content; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said routing table entry with the location field identical to said original location of said content.

40. An apparatus for making content available for users in a computer network, the content having an original location, the apparatus including:

a memory;

a network interface coupled to said memory;

a processor coupled to said memory programmed to perform the steps of;

forwarding the content to one or more caches distributed throughout the computer network, each of said caches coupled to a switch or router;

storing the content in each of said one or more caches;

storing a record identifying said content in each of said one or more caches, said record for any particular cache of said one or more caches having an original location field identifying the original location of said content, a distance field indicating a distance from said particular cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a field indicating a version number of said content; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said record with the original location field identical to said original location of said content.

41. An apparatus for making content available for users in a computer network, the content having an original location, the apparatus including:

a memory;

a network interface coupled to said memory;

a processor coupled to said memory programmed to perform the steps of;

receiving the content forwarded from the original location;

storing the content in a cache coupled to a switch or router;

storing a record identifying the content in said cache, said record having an original location field identifying the original location of said content, a distance field indicating a distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a field indicating a version number of said content; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said record with the original location field identical to said original location of said content.

42. An apparatus for updating content in a computer network, the content located at a web server and having an original location, the apparatus including:

a memory;

a network interface coupled to said memory;

a processor coupled to said memory programmed to perform the steps of;

creating a routing table entry for the content in a cache, said routing table entry having a record with a location field with the original location of said content, a distance field indicating the distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a version number field indicating a version number of said content;

forwarding said routing table entry to another of one or more caches in the computer network;

repeating said creating and forwarding for each of said one or more caches; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said routing table entry with the location field identical to said original location of said content.

43. An apparatus for updating content in a computer network, the content located at a web server and having an original location, the apparatus including:

a memory;

a network interface coupled to said memory;

a processor coupled to said memory programmed to perform the steps of;

creating a routing table entry for the content in a cache, said routing table entry having a record with a location field with the original location of said content, a distance field indicating the distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a version number field indicating a version number of said content;

forwarding said routing table entry to another of one or more caches in the computer network to allow said another of one or more caches to create a routing table entry for the content; and

transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said routing table entry with the location field identical to said original location of said content.

44. An apparatus for making content available for users in a computer network, the content having an original location, the apparatus including:

means for forwarding the content to one or more caches distributed throughout the computer network, each of said caches coupled to a switch or router;

means for storing the content in each of said one or more caches;

means for storing a record identifying said content in each of said one or more caches, said record for any particular cache of said one or more caches having an original location field identifying the original location of said content, a distance field indicating a distance from said particular cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a field indicating a version number of said content; and

means for transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said record with the original location field identical to said original location of said content.

45. An apparatus for making content available for users in a computer network, the content having an original location, the apparatus including:

means for receiving the content forwarded from the original location;

means for storing the content in a cache coupled to a switch or router;

means for storing a record identifying the content in said cache, said record having an original location field identifying the original location of said content, a distance field indicating a distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a field indicating a version number of said content; and

means for transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said record with the original location field identical to said original location of said content.

46. An apparatus for updating content in a computer network, the content located at a web server and having an original location, the apparatus including:

means for creating a routing table entry for the content in a cache, said routing table entry having a record with a location field with the original location of said content, a distance field indicating the distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a version number field indicating a version number of said content;

means for forwarding said routing table entry to another of one or more caches in the computer network;

means for repeating said creating and forwarding for each of said one or more caches; and

means for transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said routing table entry with the location field identical to said original location of said content.

47. An apparatus for updating content in a computer network, the content located at a web server and having an original location, the apparatus including:

means for creating a routing table entry for the content in a cache, said routing table entry having a record with a location field with the original location of said content, a distance field indicating the distance from said cache to the original location of said content, wherein said distance field is utilized upon receiving a request, said request including a SYN packet, domain information, and file type information, and a version number field indicating a version number of said content;

means for forwarding said routing table entry to another of one or more caches in the computer network to allow said another of one or more caches to create a routing table entry for the content; and

means for transferring said request to a second cache closer to the original location of said content than a first cache as determined by the distance field in said first cache and a distance field in said second cache, if said first cache does not exist or said first cache does not have an entry in said routing table entry with the location field identical to said original location of said content.