Computer keyboard with quantitatively force-sensing keys

• US 7,256,768 B2
• Filed: 09/16/2003
• Issued: 08/14/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 09/16/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Bathiche, Steven N.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen; Jimmy H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): PHAM, TAMMY T
• Application Number:
  US10/662,459
• Publication Number:
  US 20050057515A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,428 Days
• Field of Search: 345168- 9, 345/168, 345/169, 345172- 3, 345/172, 345/173, 345/182, 345/183
• US Class Current: 345/168
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0202 Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the input device
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0233 Character input methods

Abstract

A computer keyboard has a grid of conductors forming a plurality of intersections, with force-sensitive resistor (FSR) elements located between the conductors at the intersections. A plurality of keys are located above the intersections and exert force on the conductors and FSR elements during key presses. A resistor network sub-circuit is connected to some of the conductors, and is switchable between low and high resistance values. An Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is coupled to the resistor network sub-circuit. A microprocessor grounds a conductor and tests another conductor for a threshold voltage level while the resistor network is switched to the high resistance value. The microprocessor switches the resistor network to the low resistance value upon detecting the threshold voltage level and subsequently receives from the ADC a digital value of a voltage on the tested conductor.

Claims

1. A computer keyboard, comprising:

a plurality of keys, each key of the plurality having an unpressed condition in which no force is exerted upon the key by a user and a pressed condition in which force is exerted on the key by a user;

a force detection circuit configured to

scan each key of the plurality to determine if a scanned key is in a pressed condition,

quantify, upon determining that a scanned key is in a pressed condition, the force exerted by a user on said key determined to be in a pressed condition, and

proceed, upon determining that a scanned key is not in a pressed condition, to another key of said plurality without quantifying a force exerted on the key determined not to be in a pressed condition;

a first group of conductors;

a second group of conductors positioned in close proximity to the first group of conductors, the first and second groups of conductors forming a plurality of intersections between first group conductors and second group conductors; and

a force sensitive resistive element located between the first group conductor and the second group conductor of each of the plurality of intersections, wherein

each of the plurality of intersections corresponds to an associated key of the plurality of keys, each of the associated keys configured to compress the resistive element located at the corresponding intersection upon exertion of force on the associated key,

the force detection circuit is configured to quantify force exerted upon each of the associated keys based upon changes in resistance value of the resistive element at each corresponding intersection,

the force detection circuit comprises a microprocessor and a voltage divider, and

the microprocessor is configured to place the voltage divider in a first condition when scanning each key of the plurality to determine if a scanned key is in a pressed condition and in a second condition when quantifying the force exerted by a user on a key determined to be in a pressed condition.

2. The computer keyboard of claim 1, wherein the plurality of keys includes multiple character keys having respective characters assigned thereto and a plurality of modifier keys, and wherein the microprocessor is configured to generate a first signal upon detecting a character key to be in a pressed condition and to generate a different signal upon detecting said character key and a modifier key to simultaneously be in a pressed condition.

3. The computer keyboard of claim 1, wherein:

the voltage divider includes a voltage measuring node, when the force detection circuit is in the first condition, voltage at the voltage measuring node varies within a first range as a key is pressed,

when the force detection circuit is in the second condition, voltage at the voltage measuring node varies within a second range as a key is pressed, and

the second range is larger than the first range.

4. The computer keyboard of claim 1, further comprising an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), and wherein:

the microprocessor determines a scanned key is in a pressed condition when voltage on a tested conductor of the corresponding intersection reaches a threshold value, and

the microprocessor, after determining the scanned key is in a pressed condition, instructs the ADC to output a digital value of a voltage on the conductor

5. The computer keyboard of claim 1, wherein placing the voltage divider in the second condition comprises altering a resistance value in a portion of the voltage divider, said altered resistance value portion not including one of the force sensitive resistive elements.

the microprocessor, after determining the scanned key is in a pressed condition, instructs the ADC to output a digital value of a voltage on the tested conductor.

6. A computer keyboard, comprising

a grid of first group conductors and second group conductors, the first and second group conductors forming a plurality of intersections;

a force-sensitive resistive element at each intersection of the plurality located between one of the conductors of the first group and one of the conductors of the second group forming said intersection;

a plurality of keys located above the plurality of intersections, each key being associated with one intersection and configured to exert force on the conductors and force-sensitive resistive element of the associated intersection during a key press;

a microprocessor having a plurality of first group conductor pins each in contact with one of the first group conductors and a plurality of second group conductor pins each in contact with one of the second group conductors;

a sub-circuit connected to at least one of the second group conductors, the sub-circuit having a resistor network switchable by the microprocessor between a low resistance value and a high resistance value; and

an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) coupled to the sub-circuit and to the microprocessor.

7. The computer keyboard of claim 6, wherein the microprocessor is configured to:

ground to an individual conductor pin,

test another conductor pin for a threshold voltage level while the resistor network is switched to the high resistance value,

switch the resistor network to the low resistance value upon detecting the threshold voltage level on the tested conductor pin, and

receive from the ADC a digital value of a voltage on the tested conductor pin while the resistor network is switched to the low resistance value.

8. The computer keyboard of claim 7, comprising a plurality of sub-circuits connected to a plurality of conductors of the second group of conductors.

9. The computer keyboard of claim 7, wherein the microprocessor is configured to:

store the identity of a plurality of pressed keys and force values associated with the pressed keys, and

generate a data message containing the identities and associated force values.

10. The computer keyboard of claim 9, wherein the microprocessor is configured to generate the data message in the form of a Human Interface Device (HID) report.

11. The computer keyboard of claim 7, wherein the plurality of keys includes multiple character keys having respective characters assigned thereto and a plurality of modifier keys.

12. The computer keyboard of claim 11, wherein the plurality of keys includes at least 36 character keys.

13. The computer keyboard of claim 7, wherein the microprocessor is configured to:

sequentially test each key for a key press by grounding a conductor pin connected to one of the conductors forming the associated intersection and testing for the threshold voltage level on the other of the conductors forming the associated intersection, and

receive, for only the keys for which the threshold voltage level was detected, the digital value from the ADC.

14. The keyboard of claim 13, wherein the microprocessor is configured to generate a data message containing identifiers for multiple keys of the plurality for which the threshold voltage level was detected and digital values from the ADC corresponding to the multiple keys.

15. A microprocessor having preprogrammed instructions for performing steps comprising:

placing a detection circuit in a first state in which the detection circuit is configured to identity a pressed key of a keyboard;

selecting, while in the first state, a conductor pin from a group of conductor pins;

testing, while in the first state, the selected conductor pin for a threshold voltage level;

upon detecting the threshold voltage level on the selected conductor pin, placing the detection circuit in a second state by altering the resistance of a resistance network;

when in the second state, receiving a digital value for a voltage on the selected conductor pin, the digital voltage value representing an amount of force applied to the pressed key;

scanning the keyboard for presses of additional keys by testing for a threshold voltage level with regard to each of the additional keys when the detection circuit is in the first state; and

placing the detection circuit in the second state and receiving additional digital voltage values upon detection of threshold voltages with regard to the additional keys.

16. The microprocessor of claim 15, having additional preprogrammed instructions for performing steps comprising:

instructing an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) to convert a detection circuit voltage to a digital value; and

reading from the ADC a digital value for the detection circuit voltage.

17. The microprocessor of claim 15 having additional preprogrammed instructions for performing steps comprising:

storing an identifier for multiple pressed keys;

storing force measurements for the multiple pressed keys;

generating a data message containing the stored identifiers and force measurements.

18. The microprocessor of claim 17, wherein said generating a data message comprises generating a Human Interface Device (HID) report.

19. The microprocessor of claim 15 wherein said scanning the keyboard for presses of additional keys comprises testing for a threshold voltage level with regard to at least 35 separate keys.

20. The microprocessor of claim 15, wherein placing the detection circuit in a second state by altering the resistance of a resistance network comprises altering a resistance value in a portion of the resistance network that does not include a force sensitive resistive element.